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{{redirect|Nierenstein}}
'''Maximilian Nierenstein''' (born 1877 - died 1946) was a professor of [[biochemistry]] at the [[University of Bristol]].
{{Infobox scientist
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|birth_date = 1877
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|field = [[Biochemistry]]
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|alma_mater = [[University of Bristol]]
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|known_for = [[Nierenstein reaction]]
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'''Maximilian Nierenstein''' (also known as Moses Max Nierenstein or Max Nierenstein; 1877–1946) was a professor of [[biochemistry]] at the [[University of Bristol]].


He is known for the [[Nierenstein reaction]].
He is known for the [[Nierenstein reaction]], an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane.


In 1912, Polish biochemist [[Casimir Funk]] isolated a complex of micronutrients and proposed the complex be named "[[vitamin]]e" (a [[portmanteau]] of "vital amine"), a name reportedly suggested by friend Max Nierenstein.<ref name= Nierenstein>{{cite book |last = Combs|first = Gerald|title = The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1CMHiWum0Y4C&pg=PA16 |isbn = 9780121834937 |year = 2008| publisher=Elsevier }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Funk|first1= C. |first2= H. E. |last2=Dubin|title=The Vitamines|location= Baltimore|publisher= Williams and Wilkins Company|year= 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/vitamines00funk|quote=The Vitamines.}}</ref>
He also studied [[tannin]]s.<ref>On the Role of Phenols, Tannic Acids, and Oxybenzoic Acids in [[Cork (material)|Cork]] Formation. Eric Drabble and Maximilian Nierenstein, Biochem. J., 1907, 2 (96–0) ([http://82.45.151.66/bj/002/0096/0020096.pdf article])</ref>

He prepared [[ellagic acid]] from [[algarobilla]] and certain other [[fruit]]s. He suggested its formation from [[galloyl]]-[[glycine]] by ''[[Penicillium]]'' in 1915.<ref>The Formation of Ellagic Acid from Galloyl-Glycine by Penicillium. Maximilian Nierenstein, Biochem J., 1915 June, 9(2), pages 240–244, {{PMCID|PMC1258574}}</ref> [[Tannase]] is an enzyme that Niederstein used to produce m-[[digallic acid]] from [[gallotannin]]s.<ref>A biological synthesis of m-digallic acid. Maximilian Nierenstein, Biochem J., 1932, 26(4), pages 1093–1094, {{PMCID|PMC1261008}}</ref>
He also studied [[natural phenol]]s and [[tannin]]s<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Drabble | first1 = E.
| last2 = Nierenstein | first2 = M.
| title = On the Rôle of Phenols, Tannic Acids, and Oxybenzoic Acids in Cork Formation
| journal = Biochemical Journal
| volume = 2
| issue = 3
| pages = 96–102.1
| year = 1907
| pmid = 16742048
| pmc = 1276196
| doi=10.1042/bj0020096
}}</ref> found in different plant species. He showed in 1945 that [[luteic acid]], a molecule present in the [[myrobalanitannin]], a tannin found in the fruit of ''[[Terminalia chebula]]'', is an intermediary compound in the synthesis of [[ellagic acid]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Nierenstein | first1 = M.
| last2 = Potter | first2 = J.
| title = The distribution of myrobalanitannin
| journal = The Biochemical Journal
| volume = 39
| issue = 5
| pages = 390–392
| year = 1945
| pmid = 16747927
| pmc = 1258254
| doi=10.1042/bj0390390
}}</ref> Working with [[Arthur George Perkin]], he prepared [[ellagic acid]] from [[algarobilla]] and certain other [[fruit]]s in 1905.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Perkin | first1 = A. G. | last2 = Nierenstein | first2 = M. | doi = 10.1039/CT9058701412 | title = CXLI.—Some oxidation products of the hydroxybenzoic acids and the constitution of ellagic acid. Part I | journal = Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions | volume = 87 | pages = 1412–1430 | year = 1905 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1657036 }}</ref> He suggested its formation from [[galloyl]]-[[glycine]] by ''[[Penicillium]]'' in 1915.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Nierenstein | first1 = M.
| title = The Formation of Ellagic Acid from Galloyl-Glycine by ''Penicillium''
| journal = The Biochemical Journal
| volume = 9
| issue = 2
| pages = 240–244
| year = 1915
| pmid = 16742368
| pmc = 1258574
| doi=10.1042/bj0090240
}}</ref> [[Tannase]] is an enzyme that Niederstein used to produce m-[[digallic acid]] from [[gallotannin]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Nierenstein | first1 = M.
| title = A biological synthesis of m-digallic acid
| journal = The Biochemical Journal
| volume = 26
| issue = 4
| pages = 1093–1094
| year = 1932
| pmid = 16744910
| pmc = 1261008
| doi=10.1042/bj0261093
}}</ref> He proved the presence of [[catechin]] in [[cocoa bean]]s in 1931.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adam | first1 = W. B. | last2 = Hardy | first2 = F. | last3 = Nierenstein | first3 = M. | title = The Catechin of the Cacao Bean| journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 727–728 | year = 1931 | doi = 10.1021/ja01353a041 }}</ref>

He also worked on milk and [[caseinogen]].<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Geake | first1 = A.
| last2 = Nierenstein | first2 = M.
| title = The Action of Diazomethane on Caseinogen: Preliminary Communication
| journal = The Biochemical Journal
| volume = 8
| issue = 4
| pages = 287–292
| year = 1914
| pmid = 16742318
| pmc = 1276579
| doi=10.1042/bj0080287
}}</ref> He reviewed the discovery of [[lactose]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Discovery of Lactic Sugar|first= M.|last= Nierenstein|journal= Isis|date=February 1936| volume =24|issue= 2| pages =367–369|jstor=225293|doi=10.1086/347034|s2cid= 143519796}}</ref>


== Works ==
== Works ==
* ''Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols.'' Maximilian Nierenstein, 1904
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye8TAQAAIAAJ&q=Synthese+des+2-Oxyflavonols|title=Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols|last1=Nierenstein|first1=Moses Max|year=1904}}
* ''Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis.'' Benjamin Moore, Maximilian Nierenstein and John Lancelot Todd, 1908
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWF2ugAACAAJ&q=Concerning+the+Treatment+of+Experimental+Trypanosomiasis|title=Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis|last1=Moore|first1=Benjamin|last2=Nierenstein|first2=Maximilian|last3=Todd|first3=John Lancelot|last4=Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine|year=1908}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vtLugAACAAJ&q=Chemie+der+Gerbstoffe|title=Chemie der Gerbstoffe|last1=Nierenstein|first1=Maximilian|year=1910}}
* ''Chemie der Gerbstoffe.'' Maximilian Nierenstein, 1910
* ''Organische Arsenverbindungen un ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung.'' Maximilian Nierenstein, 1913
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LAmuAAACAAJ&q=Organische+Arsenverbindungen+und+ihre+chemotherapeutische+Bedeutung|title=Organische Arsenverbindungen und ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung|last1=Nierenstein|first1=M|year=1912}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSHOAAAAMAAJ&q=Incunabula+of+Tannin+Chemistry:+A+Coll.+of+Some+Early+Papers+on+the+Chemistry+Chemistry+of+the+Tannins|title=Incunabula of tannin chemistry: A collection of some early papers on the chemistry of the tannins reproduced in facsimile and published with annotations|last1=Nierenstein|first1=M|year=1932}}
* ''Incunabula of [[Tannin]] Chemistry: A Coll. of Some Early Papers on the Chemistry Chemistry of the Tannins.'' Maximilian Nierenstein, 1932
* ''The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution.'' Maximilian Nierenstein and Macgregor Skene, 1934
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWlKAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Natural+Organic+Tannins:+History,+Chemistry,+Distribution|title=The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution|last1=Nierenstein|first1=Maximilian|last2=Skene|first2=Macgregor|year=1934}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|2}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/maximilian-nierenstein/ (Italian)
* http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/maximilian-nierenstein/ (Italian)



{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nierenstein, Maximilian}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nierenstein, Maximilian}}

[[Category:Chemists]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:German biochemists]]
[[Category:Vitamin researchers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol]]


{{Chemist-stub}}
{{Biochemist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:33, 25 January 2024

"Nierenstein" redirects here. For other uses, see Nierenstein (disambiguation).
Maximilian Nierenstein
Born1877
Died1946
Alma materUniversity of Bristol
Known forNierenstein reaction
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry

Maximilian Nierenstein (also known as Moses Max Nierenstein or Max Nierenstein; 1877–1946) was a professor of biochemistry at the University of Bristol.

He is known for the Nierenstein reaction, an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane.

In 1912, Polish biochemist Casimir Funk isolated a complex of micronutrients and proposed the complex be named "vitamine" (a portmanteau of "vital amine"), a name reportedly suggested by friend Max Nierenstein.[1][2]

He also studied natural phenols and tannins[3] found in different plant species. He showed in 1945 that luteic acid, a molecule present in the myrobalanitannin, a tannin found in the fruit of Terminalia chebula, is an intermediary compound in the synthesis of ellagic acid.[4] Working with Arthur George Perkin, he prepared ellagic acid from algarobilla and certain other fruits in 1905.[5] He suggested its formation from galloyl-glycine by Penicillium in 1915.[6] Tannase is an enzyme that Niederstein used to produce m-digallic acid from gallotannins.[7] He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931.[8]

He also worked on milk and caseinogen.[9] He reviewed the discovery of lactose in 1936.[10]

Works[edit]

  • Nierenstein, Moses Max (1904). Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols.
  • Moore, Benjamin; Nierenstein, Maximilian; Todd, John Lancelot; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (1908). Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis.
  • Nierenstein, Maximilian (1910). Chemie der Gerbstoffe.
  • Nierenstein, M (1912). Organische Arsenverbindungen und ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung.
  • Nierenstein, M (1932). Incunabula of tannin chemistry: A collection of some early papers on the chemistry of the tannins reproduced in facsimile and published with annotations.
  • Nierenstein, Maximilian; Skene, Macgregor (1934). The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Combs, Gerald (2008). The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health. Elsevier. ISBN 9780121834937.
  2. ^ Funk, C.; Dubin, H. E. (1922). The Vitamines. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company. The Vitamines.
  3. ^ Drabble, E.; Nierenstein, M. (1907). "On the Rôle of Phenols, Tannic Acids, and Oxybenzoic Acids in Cork Formation". Biochemical Journal. 2 (3): 96–102.1. doi:10.1042/bj0020096. PMC 1276196. PMID 16742048.
  4. ^ Nierenstein, M.; Potter, J. (1945). "The distribution of myrobalanitannin". The Biochemical Journal. 39 (5): 390–392. doi:10.1042/bj0390390. PMC 1258254. PMID 16747927.
  5. ^ Perkin, A. G.; Nierenstein, M. (1905). "CXLI.—Some oxidation products of the hydroxybenzoic acids and the constitution of ellagic acid. Part I". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. 87: 1412–1430. doi:10.1039/CT9058701412.
  6. ^ Nierenstein, M. (1915). "The Formation of Ellagic Acid from Galloyl-Glycine by Penicillium". The Biochemical Journal. 9 (2): 240–244. doi:10.1042/bj0090240. PMC 1258574. PMID 16742368.
  7. ^ Nierenstein, M. (1932). "A biological synthesis of m-digallic acid". The Biochemical Journal. 26 (4): 1093–1094. doi:10.1042/bj0261093. PMC 1261008. PMID 16744910.
  8. ^ Adam, W. B.; Hardy, F.; Nierenstein, M. (1931). "The Catechin of the Cacao Bean". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 (2): 727–728. doi:10.1021/ja01353a041.
  9. ^ Geake, A.; Nierenstein, M. (1914). "The Action of Diazomethane on Caseinogen: Preliminary Communication". The Biochemical Journal. 8 (4): 287–292. doi:10.1042/bj0080287. PMC 1276579. PMID 16742318.
  10. ^ Nierenstein, M. (February 1936). "The Discovery of Lactic Sugar". Isis. 24 (2): 367–369. doi:10.1086/347034. JSTOR 225293. S2CID 143519796.

External links[edit]


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