Glycine

Glycine
	Glycine soy
Systematics
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Fabales (Fabales)
Family :	Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily :	Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe :	Phaseoleae
Genre :	Glycine
Scientific name
	Glycine
	Willd.

Illustration of soybean ( Glycine max )

The habit and leaves of the soybean ( Glycine max ) in the field

Soybean legumes ( Glycine max )

Soybean seeds ( Glycine max )

Glycine is a genus in the subfamily Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The generic name is derived from the Greek word for sweet ('glykýs'). There are about 28types of Glycine . It is one of the genera of the Faboideae, the species ofwhich are called beans .

description

Glycine species grow as creeping or climbing, more rarely independently erect, perennial or erect annual herbaceous plants . The taproot can become lignified. They are not armed with spikes or thorns. The climbing species wind their way up counterclockwise. The arranged and alternate spiral or two lines is distributed on stem leaves are stalked, herbaceous or leathery, and usually feathered unpaired. There are usually three 1.5 to 7.5 cm long pinna flake present, the leaves are therefore three parts. The flat leaflets are entire. The two persistent or early falling stipules are free from each other and not fused with the petiole; they can be designed very differently, sometimes they are just scale-shaped.

The flowers are in stalked, terminal or mostly lateral, compound racemose or umbel-like tufted inflorescences . There are bracts available. Usually small, keeled bracts stand under the base of the sepals and form a secondary calyx.

The stalked or sessile, small, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold. The five unequal sepals are fused with two calyx lips, the calyx lips are at most as long as the calyx tube. The upper calyx lip consists of two calyx lobes that are fused up to about half their length; the lower calyx lip consists of three egg-shaped or triangular calyx lobes. The flower crowns have the typical structure of the butterfly flowers. There are five nailed, hairless petals , four of which are fused. The colors of the petals are white or range from purple to blue. The normally developed flag is not spurred or eyed and has no appendages. The shuttle is normally developed. The unspired wings are fused with the shuttle. The ten fertile stamens are not fused with the petals and significantly longer ones alternate with shorter ones. The stamens have grown together to form a tube, one of which becomes free from the tube with age. There are nectar glands on the disc. The individual upper carpels contain only two to ten ovules . The short, slightly curved style is hairy but not bearded or hairless and ends in a cephalic scar.

There are very short-stalked legumes formed. In a few species, the legumes are in the ground, similar to the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ). The most short-stalked legumes are 10 to 30 mm long, have different hairs but are not prickly, straight to curved, septate between the seeds and more or less constricted depending on the type. The underground fruits usually contain only one seed, the fruits that ripen in the air usually only contain two to four, rarely five seeds. The small seeds have a small hilum and a scale-shaped aril . The hard seed coat is hairless and of a single color. The unit of dissemination ( diaspore ) is the seed.

use

Actually only the cultivated form soybean ( Glycine max ) is cultivated in many varieties as an important crop.

Since they fix nitrogen ( Rhizobium root nodules ), they are important for soil improvement.

Systematics and distribution

The range includes mainly Australia (24 to 26 species); only a few species occur in eastern Asia.

The genus Glycine belongs to the subtribe Glycininae of the tribe Phaseoleae in the subfamily Butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). The genus Glycine was published in 1798 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in Botanical Observations , page 54. The name Glycine L. published in Sp. Pl , 753 is not valid. Synonyms for Glycine Willd. are: Chrystolia Montrouz. , Leptocyamus Benth. , Leptolobium Benth. , Soy Moench .

The genus Glycine is named after G. Lewis, et al., Eds .: Legumes of the world. (Leg World), 2005, 421 divided into two sub-genera with (10 to) about 28 Glycine species:

Subgenus Glycine : With 26 species:
- Glycine albicans Tindale & Craven : It is found in Western Australia.
- Glycine aphyonota B.E. Arrow : It occurs in Western Australia.
- Glycine arenaria Tindale : It occurs in Australia.
- Glycine argyrea Tindale : It occurs in Queensland.
- Glycine canescens F.J. Herm. (Syn .: Glycine sericea (F.Muell.) Benth. ): It occurs in Australia.
- Glycine clandestina J.C. Wendl. : It occurs in Australia.
- Glycine curvata Tindale : It occurs in Queensland.
- Glycine cyrtoloba Tindale : It occurs in New South Wales and Queensland.
- Glycine dolichocarpa Tateishi & H.Ohashi : The home is Taiwan.
- Glycine falcata Benth. : The homeland is northern Australia.
- Glycine gracei B.E. Arrow & Craven : The home is northern Australia.
- Glycine hirticaulis Tindale & Craven : It is native to the Northern Territory in northern Australia.
- Glycine lactovirens Tindale & Craven : The homeland is western Australia.
- Glycine latifolia (Benth.) CANewell & Hymowitz : The home is New South Wales and Queensland.
- Glycine latrobeana (Meisn.) Benth. : It occurs in Australia and Tasmania.
- Glycine microphylla (Benth.) Tindale : The home is Australia, Tasmania and Norfolk Island .
- Glycine montis-douglas B.E. Pfeil & Craven : It is endemic to the Australian Northern Territory.
- Glycine peratosa B.E. Pfeil & Tindale : The homeland is western Australia.
- Glycine pescadrensis Hayata : It occurs in New South Wales, Queensland, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands.
- Glycine pindanica Tindale & Craven : It occurs in western Australia.
- Glycine pullenii B.E. Pfeil et al. : It occurs in northern and western Australia.
- Glycine rubiginosa Tindale & BEArrow : It occurs in New South Wales and in southern and western Australia.
- Glycine stenophita B.E. Pfeil & Tindale : Home is New South Wales and Queensland.
- Glycine syndetika B.E. Arrow & Craven : It is only found in Queensland.
- Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. (Syn .: Glycine koidzumii Ohwi , Kennedia tabacina Labill. ): It occurs in Australia, in the Chinese provinces of Fujian and Guangdong, on the Ryukyu Islands, on Taiwan, in Micronesia, on Tonga, Vanuatu, Fiji and in New Caledonia.
- Glycine tomentella Hayata (Syn .: Glycine tomentosa (Benth.) Benth. , Leptolobium tomentosum Benth. ): It occurs in Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Luzon, Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian and Guangdong.

Subgenus Soy (Moench) FJHerm. : With two types:
- Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr. ): It is only known from culture; its wild form is probably Glycine soy sieve. & Zucc. is.
- Glycine soy strainer. & Zucc. : It is at home in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and in Far Eastern Asian Russia.

No longer belongs to this genus:

Glycine comosa L. ⇒ Amphicarpaea bracteata var. Comosa (L.) CFReed
Glycine mollissima Elliott ⇒ Rhynchosia tomentosa var. Mollissima (Elliott) Torr. & A.Gray
Glycine monophylla L. ⇒ Psoralea monophylla (L.) CHStirt.
Glycine suaveolens L. f. ⇒ Rhynchosia suaveolens (L. f.) DC.

Notice

This genus is not to be confused with Glycinen, Glycinien, Glyzinen, Wisteria, Wisteria whose botanical name is Wisteria .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Glycine subg. Glycine in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

literature

SI Ali: Papilionaceae. In: Flora of Pakistan.

Leslie Watson: Papilionaceae. In: Western Australian Flora. 2008. (Online with the 12 species occurring there)

BEPfeil, MDTindale: Faboideae. In: New South Wales Flora Online. (with identification key of the 12 species occurring there)

Web links

Commons : Glycine - collection of images, videos and audio files

Walter H. Schuster: Legumes for grain use. ( Memento from January 1, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (Some information on the genus Glycine , but mainly on the culture, German)
Glycine. In: GRIN.
Names in the genus Glycine .
Species list with chromosome numbers and home. ( Memento from July 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive )

[GRIN-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Glycine subg. Glycine in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.