Maximilian Nierenstein: Difference between revisions

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He is known for the [[Nierenstein reaction]], an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane.
He is known for the [[Nierenstein reaction]], an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane.


In 1912, Polish biochemist [[Casimir Funk]] isolated a complex of micronutrients and proposed the complex be named "[[vitamin]]e" (a [[portmanteau]] of "vital amine"), a name reportedly suggested by friend Max Nierenstein.<ref name= Nierenstein>{{cite book |last = Combs|first = Gerald|title = The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health|url = https://books.google.com/?id=1CMHiWum0Y4C&pg=PA16 |isbn = 9780121834937 |year = 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Funk|first1= C. |first2= H. E. |last2=Dubin|title=The Vitamines|location= Baltimore|publisher= Williams and Wilkins Company|year= 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/vitamines00funk|quote=The Vitamines.}}</ref>
In 1912, Polish biochemist [[Casimir Funk]] isolated a complex of micronutrients and proposed the complex be named "[[vitamin]]e" (a [[portmanteau]] of "vital amine"), a name reportedly suggested by friend Max Nierenstein.<ref name= Nierenstein>{{cite book |last = Combs|first = Gerald|title = The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1CMHiWum0Y4C&pg=PA16 |isbn = 9780121834937 |year = 2008| publisher=Elsevier }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Funk|first1= C. |first2= H. E. |last2=Dubin|title=The Vitamines|location= Baltimore|publisher= Williams and Wilkins Company|year= 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/vitamines00funk|quote=The Vitamines.}}</ref>


He also studied [[natural phenol]]s and [[tannin]]s<ref>{{Cite journal
He also studied [[natural phenol]]s and [[tannin]]s<ref>{{Cite journal
Line 58: Line 58:
| pmc = 1258254
| pmc = 1258254
| doi=10.1042/bj0390390
| doi=10.1042/bj0390390
}}</ref> Working with [[Arthur George Perkin]], he prepared [[ellagic acid]] from [[algarobilla]] and certain other [[fruit]]s in 1905.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Perkin | first1 = A. G. | last2 = Nierenstein | first2 = M. | doi = 10.1039/CT9058701412 | title = CXLI.—Some oxidation products of the hydroxybenzoic acids and the constitution of ellagic acid. Part I | journal = Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions | volume = 87 | pages = 1412 | year = 1905 | pmid = | pmc = | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1657036/files/article.pdf }}</ref> He suggested its formation from [[galloyl]]-[[glycine]] by ''[[Penicillium]]'' in 1915.<ref>{{Cite journal
}}</ref> Working with [[Arthur George Perkin]], he prepared [[ellagic acid]] from [[algarobilla]] and certain other [[fruit]]s in 1905.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Perkin | first1 = A. G. | last2 = Nierenstein | first2 = M. | doi = 10.1039/CT9058701412 | title = CXLI.—Some oxidation products of the hydroxybenzoic acids and the constitution of ellagic acid. Part I | journal = Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions | volume = 87 | pages = 1412–1430 | year = 1905 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1657036 }}</ref> He suggested its formation from [[galloyl]]-[[glycine]] by ''[[Penicillium]]'' in 1915.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last1 = Nierenstein | first1 = M.
| last1 = Nierenstein | first1 = M.
| title = The Formation of Ellagic Acid from Galloyl-Glycine by ''Penicillium''
| title = The Formation of Ellagic Acid from Galloyl-Glycine by ''Penicillium''
Line 80: Line 80:
| pmc = 1261008
| pmc = 1261008
| doi=10.1042/bj0261093
| doi=10.1042/bj0261093
}}</ref> He proved the presence of [[catechin]] in [[cocoa bean]]s in 1931.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adam | first1 = W. B. | last2 = Hardy | first2 = F. | last3 = Nierenstein | first3 = M. | title = The Catechin of the Cacao Bean| journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 727–728 | year = 1931 | doi = 10.1021/ja01353a041 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>
}}</ref> He proved the presence of [[catechin]] in [[cocoa bean]]s in 1931.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Adam | first1 = W. B. | last2 = Hardy | first2 = F. | last3 = Nierenstein | first3 = M. | title = The Catechin of the Cacao Bean| journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 727–728 | year = 1931 | doi = 10.1021/ja01353a041 }}</ref>


He also worked on milk and [[caseinogen]].<ref>{{Cite journal
He also worked on milk and [[caseinogen]].<ref>{{Cite journal
Line 94: Line 94:
| pmc = 1276579
| pmc = 1276579
| doi=10.1042/bj0080287
| doi=10.1042/bj0080287
}}</ref> He reviewed the discovery of [[lactose]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Discovery of Lactic Sugar|first= M.|last= Nierenstein|journal= Isis|date=February 1936| volume =24|issue= 2| pages =367–369|jstor=225293|doi=10.1086/347034}}</ref>
}}</ref> He reviewed the discovery of [[lactose]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Discovery of Lactic Sugar|first= M.|last= Nierenstein|journal= Isis|date=February 1936| volume =24|issue= 2| pages =367–369|jstor=225293|doi=10.1086/347034|s2cid= 143519796}}</ref>


== Works ==
== Works ==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ye8TAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Synthese+des+2-Oxyflavonols#v=onepage&q=Synthese%20des%202-Oxyflavonols&f=false|title=Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols|author1=Nierenstein|first1=Moses Max|year=1904}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye8TAQAAIAAJ&q=Synthese+des+2-Oxyflavonols|title=Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols|last1=Nierenstein|first1=Moses Max|year=1904}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=IWF2ugAACAAJ&dq=Concerning+the+Treatment+of+Experimental+Trypanosomiasis|title=Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis|author1=Moore|first1=Benjamin|last2=Nierenstein|first2=Maximilian|last3=Todd|first3=John Lancelot|last4=Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine|year=1908}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWF2ugAACAAJ&q=Concerning+the+Treatment+of+Experimental+Trypanosomiasis|title=Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis|last1=Moore|first1=Benjamin|last2=Nierenstein|first2=Maximilian|last3=Todd|first3=John Lancelot|last4=Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine|year=1908}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8vtLugAACAAJ&dq=Chemie+der+Gerbstoffe|title=Chemie der Gerbstoffe|author1=Nierenstein|first1=Maximilian|year=1910}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8vtLugAACAAJ&q=Chemie+der+Gerbstoffe|title=Chemie der Gerbstoffe|last1=Nierenstein|first1=Maximilian|year=1910}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=0LAmuAAACAAJ&dq=Organische+Arsenverbindungen+und+ihre+chemotherapeutische+Bedeutung|title=Organische Arsenverbindungen und ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung|author1=Nierenstein|first1=M|year=1912}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LAmuAAACAAJ&q=Organische+Arsenverbindungen+und+ihre+chemotherapeutische+Bedeutung|title=Organische Arsenverbindungen und ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung|last1=Nierenstein|first1=M|year=1912}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=LSHOAAAAMAAJ&q=Incunabula+of+Tannin+Chemistry:+A+Coll.+of+Some+Early+Papers+on+the+Chemistry+Chemistry+of+the+Tannins&dq=Incunabula+of+Tannin+Chemistry:+A+Coll.+of+Some+Early+Papers+on+the+Chemistry+Chemistry+of+the+Tannins|title=Incunabula of tannin chemistry: A collection of some early papers on the chemistry of the tannins reproduced in facsimile and published with annotations|author1=Nierenstein|first1=M|year=1932}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSHOAAAAMAAJ&q=Incunabula+of+Tannin+Chemistry:+A+Coll.+of+Some+Early+Papers+on+the+Chemistry+Chemistry+of+the+Tannins|title=Incunabula of tannin chemistry: A collection of some early papers on the chemistry of the tannins reproduced in facsimile and published with annotations|last1=Nierenstein|first1=M|year=1932}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=yWlKAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Natural+Organic+Tannins:+History,+Chemistry,+Distribution&dq=The+Natural+Organic+Tannins:+History,+Chemistry,+Distribution|title=The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution|author1=Nierenstein|first1=Maximilian|last2=Skene|first2=Macgregor|year=1934}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yWlKAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Natural+Organic+Tannins:+History,+Chemistry,+Distribution|title=The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution|last1=Nierenstein|first1=Maximilian|last2=Skene|first2=Macgregor|year=1934}}


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:German biochemists]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
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[[Category:German biochemists]]

[[Category:Vitamin researchers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol]]


{{Biochemist-stub}}
{{Biochemist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:33, 25 January 2024

"Nierenstein" redirects here. For other uses, see Nierenstein (disambiguation).
Maximilian Nierenstein
Born1877
Died1946
Alma materUniversity of Bristol
Known forNierenstein reaction
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry

Maximilian Nierenstein (also known as Moses Max Nierenstein or Max Nierenstein; 1877–1946) was a professor of biochemistry at the University of Bristol.

He is known for the Nierenstein reaction, an organic reaction describing the conversion of an acid chloride into an haloketone with diazomethane.

In 1912, Polish biochemist Casimir Funk isolated a complex of micronutrients and proposed the complex be named "vitamine" (a portmanteau of "vital amine"), a name reportedly suggested by friend Max Nierenstein.[1][2]

He also studied natural phenols and tannins[3] found in different plant species. He showed in 1945 that luteic acid, a molecule present in the myrobalanitannin, a tannin found in the fruit of Terminalia chebula, is an intermediary compound in the synthesis of ellagic acid.[4] Working with Arthur George Perkin, he prepared ellagic acid from algarobilla and certain other fruits in 1905.[5] He suggested its formation from galloyl-glycine by Penicillium in 1915.[6] Tannase is an enzyme that Niederstein used to produce m-digallic acid from gallotannins.[7] He proved the presence of catechin in cocoa beans in 1931.[8]

He also worked on milk and caseinogen.[9] He reviewed the discovery of lactose in 1936.[10]

Works[edit]

  • Nierenstein, Moses Max (1904). Synthese des 2-Oxyflavonols.
  • Moore, Benjamin; Nierenstein, Maximilian; Todd, John Lancelot; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (1908). Concerning the Treatment of Experimental Trypanosomiasis.
  • Nierenstein, Maximilian (1910). Chemie der Gerbstoffe.
  • Nierenstein, M (1912). Organische Arsenverbindungen und ihre chemotherapeutische Bedeutung.
  • Nierenstein, M (1932). Incunabula of tannin chemistry: A collection of some early papers on the chemistry of the tannins reproduced in facsimile and published with annotations.
  • Nierenstein, Maximilian; Skene, Macgregor (1934). The Natural Organic Tannins: History, Chemistry, Distribution.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Combs, Gerald (2008). The vitamins: fundamental aspects in nutrition and health. Elsevier. ISBN 9780121834937.
  2. ^ Funk, C.; Dubin, H. E. (1922). The Vitamines. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company. The Vitamines.
  3. ^ Drabble, E.; Nierenstein, M. (1907). "On the Rôle of Phenols, Tannic Acids, and Oxybenzoic Acids in Cork Formation". Biochemical Journal. 2 (3): 96–102.1. doi:10.1042/bj0020096. PMC 1276196. PMID 16742048.
  4. ^ Nierenstein, M.; Potter, J. (1945). "The distribution of myrobalanitannin". The Biochemical Journal. 39 (5): 390–392. doi:10.1042/bj0390390. PMC 1258254. PMID 16747927.
  5. ^ Perkin, A. G.; Nierenstein, M. (1905). "CXLI.—Some oxidation products of the hydroxybenzoic acids and the constitution of ellagic acid. Part I". Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions. 87: 1412–1430. doi:10.1039/CT9058701412.
  6. ^ Nierenstein, M. (1915). "The Formation of Ellagic Acid from Galloyl-Glycine by Penicillium". The Biochemical Journal. 9 (2): 240–244. doi:10.1042/bj0090240. PMC 1258574. PMID 16742368.
  7. ^ Nierenstein, M. (1932). "A biological synthesis of m-digallic acid". The Biochemical Journal. 26 (4): 1093–1094. doi:10.1042/bj0261093. PMC 1261008. PMID 16744910.
  8. ^ Adam, W. B.; Hardy, F.; Nierenstein, M. (1931). "The Catechin of the Cacao Bean". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 (2): 727–728. doi:10.1021/ja01353a041.
  9. ^ Geake, A.; Nierenstein, M. (1914). "The Action of Diazomethane on Caseinogen: Preliminary Communication". The Biochemical Journal. 8 (4): 287–292. doi:10.1042/bj0080287. PMC 1276579. PMID 16742318.
  10. ^ Nierenstein, M. (February 1936). "The Discovery of Lactic Sugar". Isis. 24 (2): 367–369. doi:10.1086/347034. JSTOR 225293. S2CID 143519796.

External links[edit]


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