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==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
''Boops'' was first proposed as a genus in 1814 by the French [[zoologist]] [[Georges Cuvier]] with ''Sparus boops'' being its [[type species]] by "absolute [[tautonymy]].<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref> This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502-506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,<ref name = Parenti/> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/>
''Boops'' was first proposed as a genus in 1814 by the French [[zoologist]] [[Georges Cuvier]] with ''Sparus boops'' being its [[type species]] by "absolute [[tautonymy]]".<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref> This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,<ref name = Parenti/> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Boops'' combines ''bo'', meaning ox, with ''ops'' meaning "eyes", an allusion to the lerge eyes of these fishes, the diameter of the eyes being greater than the length of the snout.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=28 December 2023 |date=22 December 2022 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref>
''Boops'' derives from the [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|βό}} ({{transliteration|grc|bo}}) meaning 'ox' and {{lang|grc|ὤψ}} ({{transliteration|grc|ops}}) meaning 'eye', referring to its large eyes.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=28 December 2023 |date=22 December 2022 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==
''Boops'' contains 2 species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Boops|month=October|year=2023}}</ref>
''Boops'' contains 2 species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Boops|month=October|year=2023}}</ref>


* ''[[Boops boops]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (Bogue)
* ''[[Boops boops]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> (Bogue)
* ''[[Boops lineata]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1892)</small> (Striped boga)
* ''[[Boops lineata]]'' <small>([[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1892)</small> (Striped boga)

==Characteristics==
''Boops'' is characterised by having a torpedo-shaped, elongated body with large eyes, the diameter of the eyes being longer than the snout. The [[pectoral fin]]s are short, being three-quarters the length of the head and the [[caudal fin]] has a deep fork. There is a single row of teeth in the jaws, these are incisor-like. There are dark stripes along the otherwise silvery body.<ref name = WIOF>{{cite book |author=Yukio Iwatsuki |author2=Phillip C Heemstra |name-list-style=and |chapter=Family Sparidae |pages=284–315 |title=Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean |volume=3 |editor1=[[Phil Heemstra|Phillip C Heemstra]] |editor2=Elaine Heemstra |editor3=David A Ebert |editor4=Wouter Holleman |editor5=[[John Ernest Randall|John E Randall]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-990951-32-9 |publisher=South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf}}</ref> The largest of the 2 species is the bogue, which has a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|40|cm}} while the striped boga has a maximum published total length of {{cvt|25|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Boops'' species are [[Parapatric speciation|parapatric]]. The bogue is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Norway south to Angola and in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and [[Black Sea]]s.<ref name = Fishbase2>{{FishBase|Boops|boops|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> The silvery boga is found in the western Indian Ocean along the southern coast of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] from central Yemen to the [[Gulf of Oman]].<ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Iwatsuki, Y. |author2=Russell, B. |author3=Pollard, D. |author4=Mann, B.Q. |author5=Buxton, C.D. |author6=Carpenter, K.E. |display-authors=3 |year=2014 |title=''Boops lineatus'' |page=e.T170171A1287031 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170171A1287031.en |access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref> They are gregarious fishes that form [[Shoaling and schooling|schools]] in shallow coastal waters.<ref name = Fishbase2/>

==Fisheries==
''Boops'' are fished for, although the smaller silvery boga is probably only taken by subsistence fishers. The bogue is pursued commercially and used as a food fish, bait in tuna fisheries and to make [[fish meal]].<ref name = iucn2>{{cite iucn |author=Pollard, D. |author2=Carpenter, K.E. |author3=Russell, B. |name-list-style=& |year=2014 |title=''Boops boops'' |page=e.T170251A1301787 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170251A1301787.en |access-date=31 December 2023}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier]]
[[Category:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea]]
⚫
[[Category:Spariform fish genera]]




{{Perciformes-stub}}
{{Perciformes-stub}}
⚫
[[Category:Spariform fish genera]]

Latest revision as of 17:02, 26 January 2024

For the song, see Boops (Here to Go).

Boops
Boops boops
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Spariformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Boops
Cuvier, 1814
Type species
Sparus boops
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

see text

Synonyms[1][2]

Boops is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. There are two species in this genus, one in the Western Atlantic and Mediterranean, and the other in the Western Indian Ocean.

Taxonomy[edit]

Boops was first proposed as a genus in 1814 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with Sparus boops being its type species by "absolute tautonymy".[3] This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[4] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,[1] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[4]

Etymology[edit]

Boops derives from the Ancient Greek βό (bo) meaning 'ox' and ὤψ (ops) meaning 'eye', referring to its large eyes.[5]

Species[edit]

Boops contains 2 species:[6]

Characteristics[edit]

Boops is characterised by having a torpedo-shaped, elongated body with large eyes, the diameter of the eyes being longer than the snout. The pectoral fins are short, being three-quarters the length of the head and the caudal fin has a deep fork. There is a single row of teeth in the jaws, these are incisor-like. There are dark stripes along the otherwise silvery body.[7] The largest of the 2 species is the bogue, which has a maximum published total length of 40 cm (16 in) while the striped boga has a maximum published total length of 25 cm (9.8 in).[6]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

Boops species are parapatric. The bogue is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Norway south to Angola and in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.[8] The silvery boga is found in the western Indian Ocean along the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula from central Yemen to the Gulf of Oman.[9] They are gregarious fishes that form schools in shallow coastal waters.[8]

Fisheries[edit]

Boops are fished for, although the smaller silvery boga is probably only taken by subsistence fishers. The bogue is pursued commercially and used as a food fish, bait in tuna fisheries and to make fish meal.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Parenti, Paolo (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2).
  2. ^ Fowler, Henry W. (1936). "The Marine Fishes of West Africa Based on the Collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909–1915. Part II". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 70: 848–850. hdl:2246/1072.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  4. ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
  5. ^ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  6. ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Boops in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  7. ^ Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN 978-1-990951-32-9.
  8. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Boops boops" in FishBase. October 2023 version.
  9. ^ Iwatsuki, Y.; Russell, B.; Pollard, D.; et al. (2014). "Boops lineatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170171A1287031. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170171A1287031.en. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  10. ^ Pollard, D.; Carpenter, K.E. & Russell, B. (2014). "Boops boops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170251A1301787. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170251A1301787.en. Retrieved 31 December 2023.


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