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{{short description|General of the Mexican Army}}{{Infobox military person
| name = Martín Perfecto de Cos
| image = Martin perfecto de cos.jpg
| birth_date = 1800
| death_date = October 1, 1854 (aged 55-56)
| birth_place = [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]], [[New Spain]]
| death_place = [[Minatitlán, Veracruz|Minatitlán]], [[Second Federal Republic of Mexico|Mexico]]
| allegiance = {{flag|Second Federal Republic of Mexico|name=Mexico}}
| branch = [[Mexican Army]]
| rank = [[Brigadier general]]
| battles = {{tree list}}
*[[Texas Revolution]]
**[[Siege of Béxar]]
**[[Battle of the Alamo]]
**[[Battle of San Jacinto]]
{{tree list/end}}
}}
'''Martín Perfecto de Cos''' (1800–1 October 1854) was a [[Mexican Army]] general and politician during the mid-19th century. Born in [[Veracruz]], the son of an attorney, he became an army cadet at the age of 20, a Lieutenant in 1821, and a Brigadier General in 1833.
Cos is perhaps best known as a commander of Mexican forces during the [[Texas Revolution]] in the 1830s. In September 1835, he was sent by President-General [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] to investigate the refusal of [[Texian]]s to pay duties during the [[Anahuac Disturbances]]. General Cos dispersed the legislature of [[Coahuila y Tejas]], then in session at [[Monclova]], landed 300 men at [[Matagorda Bay]], established a headquarters in [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]], and declared his intention of ending Anglo-American resistance in Texas. He attempted to arrest several Texian critics of Santa Anna, but his demands were resisted; a force of Texians under [[Stephen F. Austin]] and [[Edward Burleson]] held the Mexican troops for two months in the [[siege of Béxar]] until Cos surrendered after an attack led by [[Ben Milam|Benjamin R. Milam]] in December 1835. Cos and his men were released on their pledge not to oppose further the [[Mexican Constitution of 1824|Constitution of 1824]], which Santa Anna had recently repealed.
It is generally accepted that Martin Perfecto De Cos was a relative of Generalist [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]], and most accounts refer to him as a brother-in-law.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas|date=1880|publisher=Southern Publishing Company|location=New York|url=https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth5827/m1/340/?q=de%20cos|pp=276–277}}</ref> Some early Texas accounts also credit him as being either a cousin or nephew of Santa Anna.{{sfn|Jackson|Wheat|2005|p=201}} ''The Encyclopedia of the Mexican American War'' states that he was married to Lucinda López de Santa Anna, the general's sister.{{sfn|Tucker|Arnold|Wiener|2013|p=176}}▼
Texans believed this pledge was broken when Cos returned in the spring of 1836 to command a column in the [[Battle of the Alamo|attack on the Alamo]]. On April 21, 1836, he reached [[Battle of San Jacinto|San Jacinto]] with reinforcements and crossed Vince's Bridge just before the Texians destroyed it. He was taken prisoner by [[Sam Houston]] in the general surrender and later released, after which he returned to Mexico. Cos later commanded a post at [[Tuxpan]] during the [[Mexican–American War]]. He died in [[Minatitlán, Veracruz]], in 1854, while serving as commandant general and political chief of the [[Tehuantepec]] territory.
== Military career ==▼
==Family==
▲It is generally accepted that
[[File:San Antonio 021.jpg|thumb|La Villita, [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio]]]]
When the Mexican government moved away from a new local-level
Cos arrived in Texas by sea at the port of [[Copano, Texas|Copano]] on September 20, 1835, with 500 soldiers<ref name=huson5>Huson (1974), p. 5.</ref> and proceeded to the town of [[Goliad, Texas|Goliad]] on October 1, where he ordered the arrest of rebel leaders and garrisoned his men inside the nearby [[Presidio La Bahía]]. Even before his arrival, a group of Texians had plotted to kidnap Cos at either Copano or Goliad, but a rebellion committee rejected the idea. The [[Texas Revolution]] began in earnest with the [[Battle of Gonzales]] on October 2, and upon learning of the Texian victory, Cos hurried to [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio de Béxar]], leaving with the bulk of his men on October 5. Texians assaulted the Presidio La Bahía at the [[Battle of Goliad]] on October 10, only to learn that Cos had already left.
Martin Perfecto de Cos arrived in Texas on September 21, 1835 with 300 soldiers. and proceeded to the town of [[Goliad, Texas|Goliad]] on October 1, before moving on to [[San Antonio, Texas|San Antonio de Béxar]]. He ordered the arrest of rebel leaders. Once he was in San Antonio ([[Siege of Béxar]]), Martin perfecto de Cos was assailed by Texan forces under the leadership of [[Stephen F. Austin]]. The town was put under siege by the Texan army. After a 56-day siege of the town and Alamo mission, on December 9, Martín perfecto de Cos surrendered the town of [[San Antonio]] and weapons to the Texans,then proceeded to leave Texas. Martin perfecto de Cos and his men were allowed their muskets for protection and one four-pound [[cannon]]. Mexican losses during the siege were about 150. On his way south, Martin perfecto de Cos met up with [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Santa Anna]]'s forces at [[Laredo, TX|Laredo]] marching north to put down the rebellion.{{sfn|Roell|2013|pp=40–50}}<ref name="TSHA">{{cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fco76|title=Martin Perfecto de Cos|last1=Hazelwood|first1=Claudie|date=12 June 2010|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|language=en|accessdate=20 July 2017}}</ref>▼
▲
Martin perfecto de Cos returned to San Antonio and led a column of 300 soldiers against the northwest corner of the [[Alamo]] on March 6, 1836. Eventually Martin perfecto de Cos' soldiers overran the Alamo's north wall. On April 21, 1836, Cos arrived with over five hundred reinforcements for Santa Anna shortly before the [[Battle of San Jacinto]].{{sfn|Flores|2002|pp=26–28}}{{sfn|Nofi|1994|p=203}} That afternoon Texan forces led by General Sam Houston defeated General Santa Anna's army in a decisive victory in a battle which lasted only eighteen minutes. Generals Martin perfecto de Cos and Santa Anna both escaped during the battle; Santa Anna was captured the next day on April 22 and Martin perfecto de Cos was captured on April 24, 1836<ref>General Samuel Houston, Report of HQ, Texian Army, published in Daily National Intelligencer, Jun 11, 1836, Vol. XXIV, Issue 7280, p.2, Washington, DC </ref>. General Santa Anna subsequently surrendered his army and eventually all claim to Texas.{{sfn|Fowler|2007|pp=171, 173}}▼
▲
After [[Battle of San Jacinto]], Martin perfecto de Cos remained in the Mexican Army and was given command of an army outpost in [[Tuxpan]] where he served until his death in 1854.{{sfn|Tucker|Arnold|Wiener|2013|p=176}}▼
===Mexican–American War===
== Film depiction ==▼
▲
Among the depictions of Martin perfecto de Cos on film is that of the Mexico City-born actor [[Rodolfo Hoyos, Jr.]], in the 1956 picture, ''[[The First Texan]]'', about the rise of [[Sam Houston]] in Texas. In the film, Martin perfecto de Cos orders the arrest of William B. Travis and directed his Mexican soldiers to scale successfully the walls of The Alamo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0049211/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_141|title=''The First Texan''|publisher=[[Internet Movie Data Base]]|accessdate=February 12, 2014}}</ref>▼
In the 2004 film [[The Alamo (2004 film)|The Alamo]], Fransisco Philibert depicts General de Martin perfecto de Cos.<ref>{{cite web|title=Francisco Philibert|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/francisco_philibert/|website=www.rottentomatoes.com|accessdate=July 21, 2017|language=en}}</ref>▼
▲Among the depictions of
▲In the 2004 film ''[[The Alamo (2004 film)|The Alamo]]'',
▲== References ==
{{Reflist|33em}}
==
*{{cite book|last1=Flores|first1=Richard R.|title=Remembering the Alamo: Memory, Modernity, and the Master Symbol|date=2002|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-79647-8|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/2883|via=[[Project MUSE]]|subscription=yes|ref=harv}}▼
*{{cite book|last1=
*{{cite book|last1=
*{{cite book|last=Huson|first=Hobart|title=Captain Phillip Dimmitt's Commandancy of Goliad, 1835–1836: An Episode of the Mexican Federalist War in Texas, Usually Referred to as the Texian Revolution|location=Austin, Texas|publisher=Von Boeckmann-Jones Co.|year=1974}}
*{{cite book|last1=
*{{cite book|last1=
▲*{{cite book|last1=
*{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Spencer|last2=Arnold|first2=James R.|last3=Wiener|first3=Roberta |title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History|date=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-853-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVQcZpic-8C&pg=PA176&dq=%22martin+perfecto+de+cos%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjtv4Wa6JjVAhUBKGMKHUfRB9E4ChDoAQgpMAE#v=onepage&q=%22martin%20perfecto%20de%20cos%22&f=false|ref=harv}}▼
*{{cite book|last1=Roell|first1=Craig H.|title=Matamoros and the Texas Revolution|date=2013|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|isbn=978-0-87611-266-3|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/27309|via=[[Project MUSE]]|url-access=subscription }}
▲*{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Spencer|last2=Arnold|first2=James R.|last3=Wiener|first3=Roberta |title=The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History|date=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-853-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZVQcZpic-8C&
{{Battle of the Alamo|state=collapsed}}
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[[Category:Mexican military personnel of the Mexican–American War]]
[[Category:Colonial United States (Mexican)]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Veracruz]]
|
Revision as of 23:24, 14 February 2024
Martín Perfecto de Cos | |
---|---|
Born | 1800 Veracruz, New Spain |
Died | October 1, 1854 (aged 55-56) Minatitlán, Mexico |
Allegiance | Mexico |
Service/ | Mexican Army |
Rank | Brigadier general |
Battles/wars |
Martín Perfecto de Cos (1800–1 October 1854) was a Mexican Army general and politician during the mid-19th century. Born in Veracruz, the son of an attorney, he became an army cadet at the age of 20, a Lieutenant in 1821, and a Brigadier General in 1833.
Cos is perhaps best known as a commander of Mexican forces during the Texas Revolution in the 1830s. In September 1835, he was sent by President-General Antonio López de Santa Anna to investigate the refusal of Texians to pay duties during the Anahuac Disturbances. General Cos dispersed the legislature of Coahuila y Tejas, then in session at Monclova, landed 300 men at Matagorda Bay, established a headquarters in San Antonio, and declared his intention of ending Anglo-American resistance in Texas. He attempted to arrest several Texian critics of Santa Anna, but his demands were resisted; a force of Texians under Stephen F. Austin and Edward Burleson held the Mexican troops for two months in the siege of Béxar until Cos surrendered after an attack led by Benjamin R. Milam in December 1835. Cos and his men were released on their pledge not to oppose further the Constitution of 1824, which Santa Anna had recently repealed.
Texans believed this pledge was broken when Cos returned in the spring of 1836 to command a column in the attack on the Alamo. On April 21, 1836, he reached San Jacinto with reinforcements and crossed Vince's Bridge just before the Texians destroyed it. He was taken prisoner by Sam Houston in the general surrender and later released, after which he returned to Mexico. Cos later commanded a post at Tuxpan during the Mexican–American War. He died in Minatitlán, Veracruz, in 1854, while serving as commandant general and political chief of the Tehuantepec territory.
Family
It is generally accepted that Martín Perfecto de Cos was a relative of Antonio López de Santa Anna, and most accounts refer to him as a brother-in-law.[1] The Encyclopedia of the Mexican American War states that he was married to Lucinda López de Santa Anna, the general's sister.[2] Some early Texas accounts also credit him as being either a cousin or nephew of Santa Anna.[3]
Military career
When the Mexican government moved away from a new local-level federalist political ideology to create a centralist authoritarian government under Santa Anna, Martín Perfecto de Cos became military commander of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas in 1833. He initially was headquartered in Saltillo. San Antonio had always governed its own affairs and its citizens, increasingly ethnic Anglo-Americans with closer ties to the emerging United States, resented Cos being given power over them.[4] As tensions between Mexico City and Mexican Texas increased, Cos headed north to put down the rebellion.[5]
Cos arrived in Texas by sea at the port of Copano on September 20, 1835, with 500 soldiers[6] and proceeded to the town of Goliad on October 1, where he ordered the arrest of rebel leaders and garrisoned his men inside the nearby Presidio La Bahía. Even before his arrival, a group of Texians had plotted to kidnap Cos at either Copano or Goliad, but a rebellion committee rejected the idea. The Texas Revolution began in earnest with the Battle of Gonzales on October 2, and upon learning of the Texian victory, Cos hurried to San Antonio de Béxar, leaving with the bulk of his men on October 5. Texians assaulted the Presidio La Bahía at the Battle of Goliad on October 10, only to learn that Cos had already left.
Once he was in San Antonio, the town and Cos' men were besieged by the Texian Army under the leadership of Stephen F. Austin. After a 56-day siege of the town and the Alamo Mission, on December 9, Cos surrendered San Antonio de Béxar and its weapons to the Texians, then proceeded to retreat back across the Rio Grande. Cos and his men were allowed to keep their muskets for protection, as well as one four-pound cannon. Mexican losses during the siege were about 150. On his way south, Cos met up with Santa Anna's forces at Laredo, who were marching north to put down the rebellion.[7][8]
In February 1836, Cos returned to San Antonio with Santa Anna and led a column of 300 soldiers in the siege of the Alamo. His men assaulted the northwest corner of the mission on March 6, eventually overrunning the north wall. On April 21, Cos arrived with over 500 reinforcements for Santa Anna shortly before the Battle of San Jacinto.[9][10] That afternoon Texian forces led by General Sam Houston decisively defeated Santa Anna's army in a battle which lasted only eighteen minutes. Cos and Santa Anna both escaped during the battle; Santa Anna was captured the next day, on April 22, and Cos was captured on April 24.[11] General Santa Anna subsequently surrendered his army and eventually all Mexican claims to Texas, ending the Texas Revolution.[12]
Mexican–American War
Following the Texas Revolution, Martín Perfecto de Cos remained in the Mexican Army and was given command of an army outpost in Tuxpan, where he served during the Mexican–American War and afterwards, until his death in 1854.[2]
Film depictions
Among the depictions of Martín Perfecto de Cos on film is that of the Mexico City-born actor Rodolfo Hoyos Jr., in the 1956 picture The First Texan, about the rise of Sam Houston in Texas. In the film, Cos orders the arrest of William B. Travis and directs his Mexican soldiers to scale the walls of The Alamo.[13]
In the 2004 film The Alamo, General Martín Perfecto de Cos is portrayed by Francisco Philibert.[14]
References
- ^ Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas. New York: Southern Publishing Company. 1880. pp. 276–277.
- ^ a b Tucker, Arnold & Wiener 2013, p. 176.
- ^ Jackson & Wheat 2005, p. 201.
- ^ Ramos 2008, p. 139.
- ^ Ramos 2008, p. 144.
- ^ Huson (1974), p. 5.
- ^ Roell 2013, pp. 40–50.
- ^ Hazelwood, Claudie (12 June 2010). "Martin Perfecto de Cos". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ^ Flores 2002, pp. 26–28.
- ^ Nofi 1994, p. 203.
- ^ General Samuel Houston, Report of HQ, Texian Army, published in Daily National Intelligencer, Jun 11, 1836, Vol. XXIV, Issue 7280, p.2, Washington, DC
- ^ Fowler 2007, pp. 171, 173.
- ^ "The First Texan". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
- ^ "Francisco Philibert". www.rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Bibliography
- Flores, Richard R. (2002). Remembering the Alamo: Memory, Modernity, and the Master Symbol. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-79647-8 – via Project MUSE.
- Fowler, Will (2007). Santa Anna of Mexico. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-5646-0 – via Project MUSE.
- Huson, Hobart (1974). Captain Phillip Dimmitt's Commandancy of Goliad, 1835–1836: An Episode of the Mexican Federalist War in Texas, Usually Referred to as the Texian Revolution. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co.
- Jackson, Jack; Wheat, John (2005). Almonte's Texas: Juan N. Almonte's 1834 Inspection, Secret Report & Role in the 1836 Campaign. Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 978-0-87611-207-6.
- Nofi, Albert A. (1994). The Alamo and the Texas War of Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80563-4.[dead link][ISBN missing]
- Ramos, Raúl A. (2008). Beyond the Alamo: Forging Mexican Ethnicity in San Antonio, 1821–1861. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-0465-7 – via Project MUSE.
- Roell, Craig H. (2013). Matamoros and the Texas Revolution. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 978-0-87611-266-3 – via Project MUSE.
- Tucker, Spencer; Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta (2013). The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-853-8.