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Added information: that the works of Chandidas are not unanimously agreed to be in Bengali, scholars also entertain the possibility that they are in Assamese
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[[File:Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor 03.jpg|thumb|Way to Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor]]
[[File:Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor 03.jpg|thumb|Way to Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor]]
'''Chandidas''' (born 1408) was a medieval poet of [[Bengal]], or possibly more than one. Over 1250 poems related to the love of [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]] in medieval [[Bengali language|Bengali]] or [[Assamese language|Assamese]]<ref name="Saikia 1997 5">{{Harv|Saikia|1997|p=5}}</ref> with the ''bhanita'' of Chandidas are found with three different sobriquets along with his name, ''{{IAST|Baḍu}}'', ''Dvija'' and ''Dina'' as well as without any sobriquet also. It is not clear whether these ''bhanita''s actually refer to the same person or not. It is assumed by some modern scholars that the poems which are current in the name of Chandidas are actually the works of at least four different Chandidas, who are distinguished from each other by their sobriquets found in the ''bhanita''s. It is also assumed that the earliest of them was Ananta {{IAST|Baḍu}} Chandidas, who has been more or less identified as a historical figure born in the 14th century in [[Birbhum district]] of the present-day [[West Bengal]] state and wrote the lyrical ''Srikrishna Kirtan'' (Songs in praise of [[Krishna]]).
'''Chandidas''' (1339–1399, {{lang-bn|<big>চণ্ডীদাস</big>}}) was a medieval [[Bengalis|Bengali]] poet from [[India]], or possibly more than one.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boru Chandidas |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chandidas}}</ref> He wrote over 1250 poems related to the love of [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]] in medieval [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Prof. Dinesh Chandra |title=History of Bengali Language And Literature |pages=44, 45, 46, 47, 48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ray |first=Lila |title=Bengali Literature |pages=11}}</ref> The poems of Chandidas with ''bhanita'' are found with three different sobriquets along with his name, ''{{IAST|Baḍu}}'', ''Dvija'' and ''Dina'' as well as without any sobriquet also. It is not clear whether these ''bhanita''s actually refer to the same person or not. It is assumed by some modern scholars that the poems which are current in the name of Chandidas are actually the works of at least four different Chandidas, who are distinguished from each other by their sobriquets found in the ''bhanita''s. It is also assumed that the earliest of them was Ananta {{IAST|Baḍu}} Chandidas. His father Durgadas Bagchi, was a [[Bengali Brahmin]] of [[Varendra]] clan. {{IAST|Baḍu}} Chandidas has been more or less identified as a historical figure, born in the 14th century in a [[Bengali Brahmin]] family of a small Tehsil city named Nanoor in [[Birbhum district]] of the present-day [[West Bengal]] state and wrote the lyrical ''Srikrishna Kirtan'' (Songs in praise of [[Krishna]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boru Chandidas |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chandidas}}</ref>


[[File:Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor 04.jpg|thumb|Statue of poet Chandidas at Nanoor]]
[[File:Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor 04.jpg|thumb|Statue of poet Chandidas at Nanoor]]


==''Srikrishna Kirtan''==
==''Srikrishna Kirtan''==
{{Main|Shreekrishna Kirtana}}
{{Main|Shreekrishna Kirtana}}
In 1916, the [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishad]] published the manuscript of the ''Srikrishna Kirtan'' discovered by Basanta Ranjan Roy Bidwatballabh at [[Bankura]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book |last=Devnath |first=Samaresh |year=2012 |chapter=Chandidas |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chandidas |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> The ''Srikrishna Kirtan'', as its name suggests, narrates the story of [[Krishna]] and his companion [[Radha]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhowmik |first=Dulal |year=2012 |chapter=Srikrishnakirtan |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Srikrishnakirtan |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> The storyline is derived from [[Bhagavata Purana|Shrimad Bhagavatam]]. However, Baru Chandidas managed to add substantial originality, making it a masterpiece of medieval [[Bengali literature]]. He gives the yearning of [[Radha]] a distinctly [[Bengal]]i rendition, and in the process captures much of the social conditions of the day.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} As such he is considered to be a prominent Early Middle [[Bengal]] poet, however the date of his poem Srikrsnakirtana is still under question, while the text remains one of the most important evidences of early portrayal of the popular story of "Lord Krishna's love for the cowherd girl [[Radha]]".<ref name=Stewart1986/> The 412 songs of Srikrsnakirtana are divided into thirteen sections that represent the core of the Radha-Krsna legendary cycle, with many variants providing excellent comparative material. The manuscript clearly suggests that the songs meant to be song, and implies particular ragas for the recitation.<ref name=Stewart1986>{{cite journal
In 1916, the [[Bangiya Sahitya Parishad]] published the manuscript of the ''Srikrishna Kirtan'' discovered by Basanta Ranjan Roy Bidwatballabh at [[Bankura]].<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite book |last=Devnath |first=Samaresh |year=2012 |chapter=Chandidas |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chandidas |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> The ''Srikrishna Kirtan'', as its name suggests, narrates the story of [[Krishna]] and his companion [[Radha]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bhowmik |first=Dulal |year=2012 |chapter=Srikrishnakirtan |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Srikrishnakirtan |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> The storyline is derived from [[Bhagavata Purana|Shrimad Bhagavatam]]. However, Baru Chandidas managed to add substantial originality, making it a masterpiece of medieval [[Bengali literature|Bengali]] literature.<ref name=":0" /> He is considered to be a prominent Early Middle [[Bengal]] poet, however the date of his poem Srikrsnakirtana is still under question, while the text remains one of the most important evidences of early portrayal of the popular story of "Lord Krishna's love for the cowherd girl [[Radha]]".<ref name=Stewart1986/> The 412 songs of Srikrsnakirtana are divided into thirteen sections that represent the core of the Radha-Krsna legendary cycle, with many variants providing excellent comparative material. The manuscript clearly suggests that the songs meant to be song, and implies particular ragas for the recitation.<ref name=Stewart1986>{{cite journal
| last1 = Stewart
| last1 = Stewart
| first1 = T. K.
| first1 = T. K.
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]
* [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]
Vaishnava-Sahajiya
* [[Vaishnava-Sahajiya]]
* [[Bengal]]
* [[Bengal]]
* [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]
* [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]]
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* [[Radha Krishna]]
* [[Radha Krishna]]


==References and notes==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Latest revision as of 07:51, 16 March 2024

For the Indian film, see Chandidas (film).
Way to Chandidas Bhita at Nanoor

Chandidas (1339–1399, Bengali: চণ্ডীদাস) was a medieval Bengali poet from India, or possibly more than one.[1] He wrote over 1250 poems related to the love of Radha and Krishna in medieval Bengali.[2][3] The poems of Chandidas with bhanita are found with three different sobriquets along with his name, Baḍu, Dvija and Dina as well as without any sobriquet also. It is not clear whether these bhanitas actually refer to the same person or not. It is assumed by some modern scholars that the poems which are current in the name of Chandidas are actually the works of at least four different Chandidas, who are distinguished from each other by their sobriquets found in the bhanitas. It is also assumed that the earliest of them was Ananta Baḍu Chandidas. His father Durgadas Bagchi, was a Bengali Brahmin of Varendra clan. Baḍu Chandidas has been more or less identified as a historical figure, born in the 14th century in a Bengali Brahmin family of a small Tehsil city named Nanoor in Birbhum district of the present-day West Bengal state and wrote the lyrical Srikrishna Kirtan (Songs in praise of Krishna).[4]

Statue of poet Chandidas at Nanoor

Srikrishna Kirtan[edit]

Main article: Shreekrishna Kirtana

In 1916, the Bangiya Sahitya Parishad published the manuscript of the Srikrishna Kirtan discovered by Basanta Ranjan Roy Bidwatballabh at Bankura.[5] The Srikrishna Kirtan, as its name suggests, narrates the story of Krishna and his companion Radha.[6] The storyline is derived from Shrimad Bhagavatam. However, Baru Chandidas managed to add substantial originality, making it a masterpiece of medieval Bengali literature.[2] He is considered to be a prominent Early Middle Bengal poet, however the date of his poem Srikrsnakirtana is still under question, while the text remains one of the most important evidences of early portrayal of the popular story of "Lord Krishna's love for the cowherd girl Radha".[7] The 412 songs of Srikrsnakirtana are divided into thirteen sections that represent the core of the Radha-Krsna legendary cycle, with many variants providing excellent comparative material. The manuscript clearly suggests that the songs meant to be song, and implies particular ragas for the recitation.[7] There is a considerable debate as to the authenticity of the text that has significant religious meaning.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Wikiquote has quotations related to Chandidas.

Humanism[edit]

According to Banglapedia, Chandidas was the first Bengali-language poet to be a humanist. He asserted "Shobar upor manush shotto tahar upore nai" ("Above all is humanity, none else").[5] Later literature has also often eulogized Chandidas' love for a Rajakini (a female cloth washer), whether this has any historical basis is not known.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Boru Chandidas".
  2. ^ a b Sen, Prof. Dinesh Chandra. History of Bengali Language And Literature. pp. 44, 45, 46, 47, 48.
  3. ^ Ray, Lila. Bengali Literature. p. 11.
  4. ^ "Boru Chandidas".
  5. ^ a b Devnath, Samaresh (2012). "Chandidas". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  6. ^ Bhowmik, Dulal (2012). "Srikrishnakirtan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  7. ^ a b Stewart, T. K. (1986). "Book Review: Singing the Glory of Lord Krishna: The "Śrīkṛṣṇakīrtana"". Asian Folklore Studies. 45 (1). Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture: 152–154. doi:10.2307/1177851. JSTOR 1177851.
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