Amur bitterling: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of fish}}
{{Taxobox
{{Distinguish|Rhodeus amurensis}}
| name = Bitterling
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| image = Rhodeus sericeus.jpg
| image = Rhodeus_sericeus.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| status = LR/lc | status_system = IUCN2.3
| status = LR/lc
| status_system = IUCN2.3
⚫
| taxon = Rhodeus sericeus
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| display_parents = 3
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776)
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
|status_ref=<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Bogutskaya, N. 2022 | title= ''Rhodeus sericeus | page=e.T19671A156743573 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19671A156743573.en |access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>
| ordo = [[Cypriniformes]]
| familia = [[Cyprinidae]]
| genus = ''[[Rhodeus]]''
| species = '''''R. sericeus'''''
| binomial = ''Rhodeus sericeus''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Peter Simon Pallas|Pallas]], 1776)
}}
}}
[[Image:RhodeusSericeusAmarus.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Male ''Rhodeus sericeus'' from the Betuwe, the Netherlands, end of winter.]]
The '''bitterling''', ''Rhodeus sericeus'', or '''Amur bitterling''' is a small [[fish]] of the [[Cyprinidae|carp family]]. [[Mussel]]s form an essential part of its reproductive system, with bitterling eggs being laid inside them.


The '''Amur bitterling''' ('''''Rhodeus sericeus''''') is a small [[fish]] of the [[Cyprinidae|carp family]].<ref name=iucn/><ref>{{FishBase_species|genus=Rhodeus |species=sericeus|year=2005|month=October}}</ref> It is sometimes just called "bitterling", which dates back to the time when the [[European bitterling]] (''[[Rhodeus amarus]]'') was still considered [[conspecific]] with ''R. sericeus'', and "bitterling" properly refers to any [[species]] in entire [[genus]] ''[[Rhodeus]]''. The Amur bitterling is found in [[Siberia]],<ref>{{ITIS |id=163607 |taxon=Rhodeus sericeus |accessdate=11 March 2006}}</ref> while the European bitterling is found from [[European Russia]] westwards.
⚫
Long thought to be symbiotic with the mussels (whose larval phase attaches to fish gills during development), recent research has indicated they are in fact parasitic, with co-evolution being seen in Chinese bitterling and mussel species.


⚫
[[Mussel]]s form an essential part of its reproductive system, with bitterling eggs being laid inside them. Long thought to be symbiotic with the mussels (whose larval phase attaches to fish gills during development), recent research has indicated they are in fact parasitic, with co-evolution being seen in Chinese bitterling and mussel species.
⚫
Bitterlings usually reside in areas with dense plant growth. They are a hardy fish, and can survive in water that is not very well oxygenated. They grow to be 3-4 in. long at most. The bitterling's diet consists of plant material and small larvae of insects.


⚫
Bitterlings usually reside in areas with dense plant growth. They are hardy fish, and can survive in water that is not very well oxygenated. They grow to be {{cvt|3-4|in|adj=on}} long at most. The bitterling's diet consists of plant material and small larvae of insects.


== Colour Variation ==
== Colour variation ==
There are 'transparent' scale variants of bitterlings, though not common, if exploited in the aquarium trade.
Transparent scale variants<ref>http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zsj/15/3/425/_pdf{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> of bitterlings occur, though not commonly, and are exploited in the aquarium trade.
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For photos of transparent variants of bitterlings, please see:
For photos of transparent variants of bitterlings, please see:
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zsj/15/3/425/_pdf
http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zsj/15/3/425/_pdf

{{clear left}} -->



==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=World Conservation Monitoring Centre|year=1996|id=19671|title=Rhodeus sericeus|downloaded=12 May 2006}}
* {{ITIS|ID=163607|taxon=Rhodeus sericeus|year=2006|date=11 March}}
* {{FishBase_species|genus=Rhodeus|species=sericeus|year=2005|month=10}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/item.php?news=924|title=Bitterling are parasites not symbionts|publisher=Practical Fishkeeping}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q855808}}
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[[Category:Cyprinidae]]


⚫
[[Category:Rhodeus]]
[[bg:Горчивка]]
[[Category:Fish described in 1776]]
[[cs:Hořavka duhová]]
[[de:Bitterling]]
[[fr:Bouvière]]
[[hsb:Lěćny hórčink]]
[[it:Rhodeus sericeus]]
[[lt:Kartuolė]]
[[hu:Rhodeus]]
[[nl:Bittervoorn]]
[[ja:タナゴ]]
[[pl:Różanka (ryba)]]
[[ru:Горчак обыкновенный]]
[[sk:Lopatka dúhová]]
[[sl:Pezdirk]]
[[tr:Acı balık]]

Latest revision as of 15:29, 26 March 2024

Not to be confused with Rhodeus amurensis.

Amur bitterling
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Acheilognathinae
Genus: Rhodeus
Species:
R. sericeus
Binomial name
Rhodeus sericeus
(Pallas, 1776)

The Amur bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus) is a small fish of the carp family.[1][2] It is sometimes just called "bitterling", which dates back to the time when the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) was still considered conspecific with R. sericeus, and "bitterling" properly refers to any species in entire genus Rhodeus. The Amur bitterling is found in Siberia,[3] while the European bitterling is found from European Russia westwards.

Mussels form an essential part of its reproductive system, with bitterling eggs being laid inside them. Long thought to be symbiotic with the mussels (whose larval phase attaches to fish gills during development), recent research has indicated they are in fact parasitic, with co-evolution being seen in Chinese bitterling and mussel species.

Bitterlings usually reside in areas with dense plant growth. They are hardy fish, and can survive in water that is not very well oxygenated. They grow to be 3–4 in (76–102 mm) long at most. The bitterling's diet consists of plant material and small larvae of insects.

Colour variation[edit]

Transparent scale variants[4] of bitterlings occur, though not commonly, and are exploited in the aquarium trade.


References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Bogutskaya, N. 2022. "Rhodeus sericeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T19671A156743573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19671A156743573.en. Retrieved 26 March 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2005). "Rhodeus sericeus" in FishBase. October 2005 version.
  3. ^ "Rhodeus sericeus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
  4. ^ http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/zsj/15/3/425/_pdf[permanent dead link]
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