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{{Short description|Governor of Multan (1757 – 1818)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
'''Nawab Muzaffar Khan''' (1757 – 2 June 1818) was the last [[Pashtuns|Afghan]] governor of [[Multan]].{{Infobox royalty
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==Early life==
'''Nawab Muzaffar Khan''' (Punjabi and {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|نواب مظفر خان}}}}) was a governor of [[Multan]]. He was son of [[Shuja Khan]], the ruler of Multan and they were appointed as governor by Ahmad Shah Abdali or Durrani<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newspaper |first=From the |date=2010-08-31 |title=What about historical sites of Muzaffargarh |url=https://www.dawn.com/2010/08/31/what-about-historical-sites-of-muzaffargarh/ |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>. He is known to have founded the city of [[Muzaffargarh]] in 1794.
Nawab Muzaffar Khan, born in [[Multan]] in 1757, was the eldest son of [[Shuja Khan]], the governor of [[Multan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Of the Punjab - District Gazetteer - Muzaffargarh District 2019 |url=https://gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk/uploads/chapters/chapter-2-pdf2.pdf |website=gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk}}</ref> They were four brothers and one sister. He was well educated in religion, civil administration and warfare. He took part in the affairs of the state at a very young age. He was only 18 years old when his father instructed him to lead a mission to [[Kabul]] in January 1775. His mission failed but he got the attention of the Afghan King who fixed 5,000 rupees as his stipend. He commanded with bravery the Afghan contingent during the siege of Multan in February 1775. When Ganda Singh invaded [[Shujabad]], he defended city with great valour. He realised the greedy nature of the [[Sikhs|Sikh]] soldiers and gave them some money. He succeeded his father at the age of 18 in Shujabad on October 18, 1775. Nawab Muzaffar Khan could not get [[Multan]] until 1780, when he was reinstated by [[Timur Shah Durrani]], King of [[Kabul]], who expelled the [[Sikhs]] and appointed Muzaffar Khan as the Governor (''[[Subedar]]'') of Multan. Timur Shah Durrani also gave him the title of [[Nawab]], at the age of 23.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Page 1 - Muzaffargarh eGazetteer |url=https://gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk/uploads/flipbooks/muzaffargarh/2019/files/basic-html/page1.html |access-date=2022-04-28 |website=gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk}}</ref>


==Military career==
==Military career==
⚫
In 1817, [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] sent his army to [[Multan]]. The commander of army was Diwan Bhiwani Das. Main purpose of this invasion was to ask Nawab Muzaffar Khan to accept the rule of Sikh Darbar. In 1818, [[Kharak Singh]] and Hindu Commander [[Misr Diwan Chand]] arms troops lay around [[Multan]] without making much initial headway. [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] sent a large cannon named ''[[Zamzama]]'' . Though in name, the army was commanded by [[Kharak Singh]] but actual command was in the hand of Military genius [[Misr Diwan Chand]].
The Maharaja directed his son to pay full attention to the advice of Misr Diwan Chand<ref>|Book Title=
Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society - Volume 30 - Page 15 |Book Title=The Panjab Past and Present - Volume 14 - Page 195</ref>


⚫
Muzaffar urged the majority of the Muslim population of the city of Multan to fight a war against the [[Sikhs]] and [[Hindus]]. However, the [[Military tactics|tactics]] of Nawab Muzaffar Khan failed as the [[Sikh Khalsa Army|Sikh armies]] were able to suppress the revolt of the Multan population. In the battle, [[Misr Diwan Chand]] led the Sikh armies to victory over Nawab Muzaffar Khan. Muzzafar Khan and seven of his sons were killed before the Multan fort finally fell on June 2, 1818.<ref name="Jaques2007">{{cite book|author=Tony Jaques|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&dq=diwan+chand+1818+multan&pg=PA696|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33538-9|page=696|access-date=2012-08-11}}</ref>
⚫
In 1817, [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] sent his army to [[Multan]]. The commander of army was Diwan Bhiwani Das. Main purpose of this evasion was to ask Nawab Muzaffar Khan to accept the rule of Sikh Darbar. In 1818, [[Kharak Singh]] and Hindu Commander [[Misr Diwan Chand]] arms troops lay around [[Multan]] without making much initial headway. [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] sent a large cannon named ''[[Zamzama]]'' . Though in name, Armies was commanded by [[Kharak Singh|Prince Kharak Singh]] however it was the military genius of Diwan Misr Chand which captured [[Multan Fort]].

⚫
Nawab Muzaffar Khan urged the majority of the Muslim population of the city of Multan to fight a war against the [[Sikhs]] and [[Hindus]]. However, the [[Military tactics|tactics]] of Nawab Muzaffar Khan failed as the [[Sikh Army|Sikh armies]] were able to suppress the revolt of the Multan population. In the battle, [[Misr Diwan Chand]] led the Sikh armies to victory over Nawab Muzaffar Khan. Muzzafar Khan and seven of his sons were killed before the Multan fort finally fell on June 2, 1818.<ref name="Jaques2007">{{cite book|author=Tony Jaques|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&dq=diwan+chand+1818+multan&pg=PA696|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33538-9|page=696|accessdate=2012-08-11}}</ref>


==By name of Nawab Muzaffar Khan==
==By name of Nawab Muzaffar Khan==
*[[Al-Muzaffar Mosque]]- This Mosque is built by Nawab Muzaffar Khan.
*[[Muzaffargarh]]- Name of [[Muzaffargarh]] is on the name of Nawab Muzaffar Khan. [[Muzaffargarh]] means ''Fort of Muzaffar.''
*[[Muzaffargarh]]- Name of [[Muzaffargarh]] is on the name of Nawab Muzaffar Khan. [[Muzaffargarh]] means ''Fort of Muzaffar.''
* [[Nawab Muzaffar Khan Park]], a park in Muzaffargarh
* [[Nawab Muzaffar Khan Park]], a park in Muzaffargarh
* [[Muzaffarabad, Multan]], a town near Multan.

==See also==
* [[List of Pashtun empires and dynasties]]
* [[Sadozai Sultanate of Herat]]
* [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]]
* [[Durrani Empire]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{Muzaffargarh}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Nawab Muzaffar}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Nawab Muzaffar}}
[[Category:History of Punjab]]
[[Category:1757 births]]
[[Category:Multan]]
[[Category:1818 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Multan]]
[[Category:Pashtun people]]
[[Category:Multan District]]
[[Category:Pashtun dynasties]]
[[Category:Durrani dynasty]]
[[Category:History of Multan]]
[[Category:History of Multan]]
[[Category:1818 deaths]]
[[Category:Emirs of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:18th-century Afghan people]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:19th-century Afghan politicians]]
[[Category:Afghan people murdered abroad]]

[[Category:People from Muzaffargarh]]

{{Pakistan-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:31, 2 April 2024

Nawab Muzaffar Khan (1757 – 2 June 1818) was the last Afghan governor of Multan.

Muzaffar Khan Sadozai
Governor of Multan
Company painting of Nawab Muzaffar Khan Saddozai, the last Afghan ruler of Multan, ca.1865
Born1757
Died2 June 1818 Multan Fort[1]
FatherShuja Khan
ReligionIslam

Early life[edit]

Nawab Muzaffar Khan, born in Multan in 1757, was the eldest son of Shuja Khan, the governor of Multan.[2] They were four brothers and one sister. He was well educated in religion, civil administration and warfare. He took part in the affairs of the state at a very young age. He was only 18 years old when his father instructed him to lead a mission to Kabul in January 1775. His mission failed but he got the attention of the Afghan King who fixed 5,000 rupees as his stipend. He commanded with bravery the Afghan contingent during the siege of Multan in February 1775. When Ganda Singh invaded Shujabad, he defended city with great valour. He realised the greedy nature of the Sikh soldiers and gave them some money. He succeeded his father at the age of 18 in Shujabad on October 18, 1775. Nawab Muzaffar Khan could not get Multan until 1780, when he was reinstated by Timur Shah Durrani, King of Kabul, who expelled the Sikhs and appointed Muzaffar Khan as the Governor (Subedar) of Multan. Timur Shah Durrani also gave him the title of Nawab, at the age of 23.[3]

Military career[edit]

In 1817, Maharaja Ranjit Singh sent his army to Multan. The commander of army was Diwan Bhiwani Das. Main purpose of this invasion was to ask Nawab Muzaffar Khan to accept the rule of Sikh Darbar. In 1818, Kharak Singh and Hindu Commander Misr Diwan Chand arms troops lay around Multan without making much initial headway. Maharaja Ranjit Singh sent a large cannon named Zamzama . Though in name, the army was commanded by Kharak Singh but actual command was in the hand of Military genius Misr Diwan Chand. The Maharaja directed his son to pay full attention to the advice of Misr Diwan Chand[4]

Muzaffar urged the majority of the Muslim population of the city of Multan to fight a war against the Sikhs and Hindus. However, the tactics of Nawab Muzaffar Khan failed as the Sikh armies were able to suppress the revolt of the Multan population. In the battle, Misr Diwan Chand led the Sikh armies to victory over Nawab Muzaffar Khan. Muzzafar Khan and seven of his sons were killed before the Multan fort finally fell on June 2, 1818.[5]

By name of Nawab Muzaffar Khan[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "ملتان کا عظیم مسلمان حاکم نواب مظفر خاں شہید". Nawaiwaqt (in Urdu). 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  2. ^ "Government Of the Punjab - District Gazetteer - Muzaffargarh District 2019" (PDF). gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk.
  3. ^ "Page 1 - Muzaffargarh eGazetteer". gazetteers.punjab.gov.pk. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  4. ^ |Book Title= Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society - Volume 30 - Page 15 |Book Title=The Panjab Past and Present - Volume 14 - Page 195
  5. ^ Tony Jaques (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 696. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
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