Emydocephalus: Difference between revisions
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| name = ''Emydocephalus'' |
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'''''Emydocephalus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snake]]s, also known as '''turtle-headed sea snakes''', in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]]. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes ([[Hydrophiinae]]: [[Hydrophiini]]) with ''[[Aipysurus]]''. Unlike most sea snakes, the [[species]] that make up ''Emydocephalus'' lack teeth on their [[Mandible|dentary]] and palatine bones. They also lack [[venom]], making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. ''Emydocephalus'' does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Voris K.|first=Harold|date=1966|title=Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1935755|journal=The Ecological Society of America|volume=47|issue=1 |pages=152–154 |doi=10.2307/1935755 |jstor=1935755 |via=Wiley}}</ref> This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of [[fish egg]]s. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different than most snakes, where |
'''''Emydocephalus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snake]]s, also known as '''turtle-headed sea snakes''', in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]]. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes ([[Hydrophiinae]]: [[Hydrophiini]]) with ''[[Aipysurus]]''. Unlike most sea snakes, the [[species]] that make up ''Emydocephalus'' lack teeth on their [[Mandible|dentary]] and palatine bones. They also lack [[venom]], making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. ''Emydocephalus'' does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Voris K.|first=Harold|date=1966|title=Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1935755|journal=The Ecological Society of America|volume=47|issue=1 |pages=152–154 |doi=10.2307/1935755 |jstor=1935755 |via=Wiley}}</ref> This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of [[fish egg]]s. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different than most snakes, where they forage more frequently but consume smaller quantities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shine |first=R. |last2=Bonnet |first2=X. |last3=Elphick |first3=M. J. |last4=Barrott |first4=E. G. |date=February 2004 |title=A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) |url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x |journal=Functional Ecology |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=16–24 |doi=10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x |issn=0269-8463}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*[[species:Coleman Jett Goin|Goin CJ]], [[species:Olive Lynda Bown Goin|Goin OB]], [[species:George Robert Zug|Zug GR]] (1978). ''Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition''. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. {{ISBN|0-7167-0020-4}}. (Genus ''Emydocephalus'', p. |
*[[species:Coleman Jett Goin|Goin CJ]], [[species:Olive Lynda Bown Goin|Goin OB]], [[species:George Robert Zug|Zug GR]] (1978). ''Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition''. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. {{ISBN|0-7167-0020-4}}. (Genus ''Emydocephalus'', p. 332). |
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*[[Gerard Krefft|Krefft G]] (1869). ''The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species''. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I–XII. (''Emydocephalus'', new genus, p. 92). |
*[[Gerard Krefft|Krefft G]] (1869). ''The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species''. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I–XII. (''Emydocephalus'', new genus, p. 92). |
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Latest revision as of 19:58, 10 April 2024
| Emydocephalus | |
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| Emydocephalus ijimae | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Subfamily: | Hydrophiinae |
| Genus: | Emydocephalus Krefft, 1869 [1] |
| Species | |
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Three recognized species, see article. | |
Emydocephalus is a genus of sea snakes, also known as turtle-headed sea snakes, in the family Elapidae. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes (Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini) with Aipysurus. Unlike most sea snakes, the species that make up Emydocephalus lack teeth on their dentary and palatine bones. They also lack venom, making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. Emydocephalus does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.[2] This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of fish eggs. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different than most snakes, where they forage more frequently but consume smaller quantities.[3]
Etymology[edit]
The generic name, Emydocephalus, is from the Greek words ὲμύς (emys) meaning "turtle", and κεφαλή (kephale) meaning "head".[4]
Geographic range[edit]
Species of the genus Emydocephalus are found in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australasia.[5]
Species[edit]
Emydocephalus has three recognized species.
- Emydocephalus annulatus Krefft, 1869 - turtle-headed sea snake, egg-eating sea snake
- Emydocephalus ijimae Stejneger, 1898 - turtlehead sea snake
- Emydocephalus orarius Nankivell, Goiran, Hourston, Shine, Rasmussen, Thomson, & Sanders, 2020[6]
References[edit]
- ^ "Emydocephalus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
- ^ Voris K., Harold (1966). "Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)". The Ecological Society of America. 47 (1): 152–154. doi:10.2307/1935755. JSTOR 1935755 – via Wiley.
- ^ Shine, R.; Bonnet, X.; Elphick, M. J.; Barrott, E. G. (February 2004). "A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae)". Functional Ecology. 18 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x. ISSN 0269-8463.
- ^ Stejneger L (1907). Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territory. United States National Museum Bulletin 58. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xx + 577 pp. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 413).
- ^ Genus Emydocephalus at The Reptile Database
- ^ Nankivell, James H.; Goiran, Claire; Hourston, Mathew; Shine, Richard; Rasmussen, Arne R.; Thomson, Vicki A.; Sanders, Kate L. (2020-03-27). "A new species of turtle-headed sea Snake ( Emydocephalus : Elapidae) endemic to Western Australia". Zootaxa. 4758 (1): 141–156. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.6. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32230158. S2CID 214750958.
Further reading[edit]
- Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 332).
- Krefft G (1869). The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I–XII. (Emydocephalus, new genus, p. 92).