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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Italic title}}
{{automatic Taxobox
{{automatic taxobox
| name = ''Emydocephalus''
| name = ''Emydocephalus''
| image = Emydocephalus ijimae by OpenCage.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Emydocephalus ijimae]]''
| taxon = Emydocephalus
| taxon = Emydocephalus
| authority = [[Gerard Krefft|Krefft]], 1869 <ref>"''Emydocephalus'' ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.</ref>
| authority = [[Gerard Krefft|Krefft]], 1869 <ref>"''Emydocephalus'' ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.</ref>
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}}
}}


'''''Emydocephalus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snake]]s in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]]. Unlike most sea snakes, all [[species]] of ''Emydocephalus'', have an absence of teeth on their [[Mandible|dentary]] and palatine bones, and lack [[venom]]. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. ''Emydocephalus'' does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Voris K.|first=Harold|date=1966|title=Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1935755?casa_token=JHA_3okhrssAAAAA:b4VZqQVdwfXsKd85vMtPjsA76l4HigiivQSHFk5JYraS1EcQcTvFxyFoCyFN5rauvIKTKmCLwMw9ev8|journal=The Ecological Society of America|volume=47|pages=|via=Wiley}}</ref>This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of fish eggs.
'''''Emydocephalus''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snake]]s, also known as '''turtle-headed sea snakes''', in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Elapidae]]. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes ([[Hydrophiinae]]: [[Hydrophiini]]) with ''[[Aipysurus]]''. Unlike most sea snakes, the [[species]] that make up ''Emydocephalus'' lack teeth on their [[Mandible|dentary]] and palatine bones. They also lack [[venom]], making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. ''Emydocephalus'' does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Voris K.|first=Harold|date=1966|title=Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)|url=https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1935755|journal=The Ecological Society of America|volume=47|issue=1 |pages=152–154 |doi=10.2307/1935755 |jstor=1935755 |via=Wiley}}</ref> This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of [[fish egg]]s. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different than most snakes, where they forage more frequently but consume smaller quantities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shine |first=R. |last2=Bonnet |first2=X. |last3=Elphick |first3=M. J. |last4=Barrott |first4=E. G. |date=February 2004 |title=A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) |url=https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x |journal=Functional Ecology |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=16–24 |doi=10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x |issn=0269-8463}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
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==Species==
==Species==
''Emydocephalus'' has three recognized species.
''Emydocephalus'' has three recognized species.
*''[[Emydocephalus annulatus]]'' {{small|[[Gerard Krefft|Krefft]], 1869}}
*''[[Emydocephalus annulatus]]'' {{small|[[Gerard Krefft|Krefft]], 1869}} - turtle-headed sea snake, egg-eating sea snake
*''[[Emydocephalus ijimae]]'' {{small|[[Leonhard Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1898}}
*''[[Emydocephalus ijimae]]'' {{small|[[Leonhard Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1898}} - turtlehead sea snake
*''[[Emydocephalus orarius]]'' {{small|Nankivell, Goiran, Hourston, Shine, Rasmussen, Thomson, & Sanders, 2020}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nankivell|first=James H.|last2=Goiran|first2=Claire|last3=Hourston|first3=Mathew|last4=Shine|first4=Richard|last5=Rasmussen|first5=Arne R.|last6=Thomson|first6=Vicki A.|last7=Sanders|first7=Kate L.|date=2020-03-27|title=A new species of turtle-headed sea Snake ( Emydocephalus : Elapidae) endemic to Western Australia|url=https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4758.1.6|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4758|issue=1|pages=141–156|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.6|issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
*''[[Emydocephalus orarius]]'' {{small|Nankivell, Goiran, Hourston, Shine, Rasmussen, Thomson, & Sanders, 2020}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nankivell|first1=James H.|last2=Goiran|first2=Claire|last3=Hourston|first3=Mathew|last4=Shine|first4=Richard|last5=Rasmussen|first5=Arne R.|last6=Thomson|first6=Vicki A.|last7=Sanders|first7=Kate L.|date=2020-03-27|title=A new species of turtle-headed sea Snake ( Emydocephalus : Elapidae) endemic to Western Australia|url=https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4758.1.6|journal=Zootaxa|language=en|volume=4758|issue=1|pages=141–156|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.6|pmid=32230158 |s2cid=214750958 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*[[:fr:Coleman Jett Goin|Goin CJ]], [[Olive Lynda Bown Goin|Goin OB]], [[:de:George Robert Zug|Zug GR]] (1978). ''Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition''. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. {{ISBN|0-7167-0020-4}}. (Genus ''Emydocephalus'', p. 332).
*[[species:Coleman Jett Goin|Goin CJ]], [[species:Olive Lynda Bown Goin|Goin OB]], [[species:George Robert Zug|Zug GR]] (1978). ''Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition''. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. {{ISBN|0-7167-0020-4}}. (Genus ''Emydocephalus'', p.&nbsp;332).
*[[Gerard Krefft|Krefft G]] (1869). ''The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrative and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species''. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I-XII. (''Emydocephalus'', new genus, p.&nbsp;92).
*[[Gerard Krefft|Krefft G]] (1869). ''The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species''. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I–XII. (''Emydocephalus'', new genus, p.&nbsp;92).


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q152320}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q152320}}


⚫
[[Category:Elapidae]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Snake genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gerard Krefft]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Gerard Krefft]]
⚫
[[Category:Emydocephalus| ]]

Latest revision as of 19:58, 10 April 2024

Emydocephalus
Emydocephalus ijimae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Elapidae
Subfamily: Hydrophiinae
Genus: Emydocephalus
Krefft, 1869 [1]
Species

Three recognized species, see article.

Emydocephalus is a genus of sea snakes, also known as turtle-headed sea snakes, in the family Elapidae. The genus is one of a small group of the viviparous sea snakes (Hydrophiinae: Hydrophiini) with Aipysurus. Unlike most sea snakes, the species that make up Emydocephalus lack teeth on their dentary and palatine bones. They also lack venom, making them the only non-venomous elapids. The dentary and palantine bones bear only a row of papillae. Emydocephalus does, however, bear fangs and many small pterygoid teeth.[2] This reduced dentition is due to their diet consisting almost entirely of fish eggs. Due to their prey being small and immobile, they exhibit a foraging strategy different than most snakes, where they forage more frequently but consume smaller quantities.[3]

Etymology[edit]

The generic name, Emydocephalus, is from the Greek words ὲμύς (emys) meaning "turtle", and κεφαλή (kephale) meaning "head".[4]

Geographic range[edit]

Species of the genus Emydocephalus are found in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Australasia.[5]

Species[edit]

Emydocephalus has three recognized species.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Emydocephalus ". ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
  2. ^ Voris K., Harold (1966). "Fish Eggs as the Apparent Sole Food Item for a Genus of Sea Snake, Emydocephalus (Krefft)". The Ecological Society of America. 47 (1): 152–154. doi:10.2307/1935755. JSTOR 1935755 – via Wiley.
  3. ^ Shine, R.; Bonnet, X.; Elphick, M. J.; Barrott, E. G. (February 2004). "A novel foraging mode in snakes: browsing by the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae)". Functional Ecology. 18 (1): 16–24. doi:10.1046/j.0269-8463.2004.00803.x. ISSN 0269-8463.
  4. ^ Stejneger L (1907). Herpetology of Japan and Adjacent Territory. United States National Museum Bulletin 58. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xx + 577 pp. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 413).
  5. ^ Genus Emydocephalus at The Reptile Database
  6. ^ Nankivell, James H.; Goiran, Claire; Hourston, Mathew; Shine, Richard; Rasmussen, Arne R.; Thomson, Vicki A.; Sanders, Kate L. (2020-03-27). "A new species of turtle-headed sea Snake ( Emydocephalus : Elapidae) endemic to Western Australia". Zootaxa. 4758 (1): 141–156. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.6. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32230158. S2CID 214750958.

Further reading[edit]

  • Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Genus Emydocephalus, p. 332).
  • Krefft G (1869). The Snakes of Australia; An Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species. Sydney: Thomas Richards, Government Printer. xxv + 100 pp. + Plates I–XII. (Emydocephalus, new genus, p. 92).

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emydocephalus&oldid=1218282033"