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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{taxobox
|image = Worsleya1.jpg
|name = ''Worsleya rayneri''
|image = Worsleya rayneri1CURTIS.jpg
|image2 = Worsleya procera IMG 20190707 111532.jpg
|image_caption = ''Worsleya'' illustration
|genus= Worsleya
⚫
|parent_authority=(W.Watson ex Traub) Traub
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|species= procera
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|authority=([[Charles Antoine Lemaire|Lem.]]) [[Hamilton Paul Traub|Traub]]<ref name="WCSP">{{Citation |contribution=Worsleya procera|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=291432 |accessdate=2012-12-29}}</ref>
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-291432 The Plant List]</ref><ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=298863 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100354478 Tropicos, ''Worsleya'' (W. Watson ex Traub) Traub ]</ref>
|ordo = [[Asparagales]]
|synonyms=
|familia = [[Amaryllidaceae]]
*''Amaryllis'' subg. ''Worselya'' <small>W.Watson ex Traub</small>
|tribus = [[Griffineae]]
* ''Hippeastrum procerum'' <small>Lem.</small>
|genus = '''''Worsleya'''''
* ''Amaryllis procera'' <small>Duch. 1863, illegitimate homonym not Salisb. 1796</small>
|species = '''''W. rayneri'''''
|binomial = ''Worsleya rayneri''
* ''Amaryllis rayneri'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
|synonyms = *'''''Worsleya procera'''''<br/>
* ''Worsleya rayneri'' <small>(Hook.f.) Traub & Moldenke</small>
| status = CR
⚫
|binomial_authority = W. Watson ex Traub
| status_system = IUCN3.1
⚫
|}}
| status_ref =<ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=Moraes, L. |year=2016 |title=''Worsleya procera'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T107250165A107302241 |doi= |access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref>
|display_parents = 2
⚫
}}


'''''Worsleya''''' is a genus of [[Brazil]]ian plants in the amaryllis family [[Amaryllidaceae]], cultivated as an ornamental because of its showy flowers. There is only one known species, '''''Worsleya procera''''', native to eastern [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/pbs/2004-September/019500.html |title=pbs New wiki photos Worsleya bloom |author=Mabberley, David |date=May 3, 2002 |accessdate=6 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last = Mabberley | first = David | author-link = David Mabberley | title = The plant-book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. | publisher = Cambridge University Press | date = 1987 }}</ref><ref>Traub, Hamilton Paul 1944. Herbertia 10: 89</ref> It is endemic to the marshy top of a mesa called "Mount Cuca" 30 miles (52&nbsp;km) north of Rio de Janeiro. Here the sickle-shaped leaves curve northward. When grown in the northern hemisphere, the leaves curve southward.<ref>{{cite book | last= Martinelli | first= Gustavo | date= 1989 | title= Campos de Altitude | location= <not stated> | publisher= Editora index | pages= 70–78 }}</ref> It is one of the largest (around 1.5 meters (five feet) high by up to one foot (30 centimeters) thick near the base)<ref>{{ cite book | last1= Everard | first1= Barbara | last2= Morley |first2= Brian D. | date= 1970 | title= Wildflowers of the World | location=New York | publisher= G.P. Putnam and Sons| page= Plate 190 with caption}}</ref> and also rarest members of the subfamily [[Amaryllidoideae]] (family [[Amaryllidaceae]]).
[[File:Worsleya1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The blue flowers]]
The genus '''''Worsleya''''' contains only one species - '''''Worsleya procera''''' previously '''''Worsleya rayneri'''''. It is one of the largest (around 1.5 meters high) and rarest members in the ''[[Amaryllidaceae]]'' family. ''Worsleya'' is a [[tropical plant]]. This species is also known as ''Worsleya procera'' or The Empress of Brazil because of its origin in [[South America]], [[Brazil]].


[[File:Worsleya rayneri1CURTIS.jpg|thumb|right|Botanical illustration of ''Worsleya procera'' <ref>1871 illustration from Hooker, Joseph Dalton. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, volume 97 Series 3, issue 27, plate 5883, as ''Amaryllis rayneri''</ref>]]
⚫
It grows in very extreme and moist environments, and it is commonly found near [[waterfalls]] in rich soil situated on [[granite]] rocks (that is why it is sometimes considered to be a [[lithophyte]]) and sunny places. However, it is very difficult to cultivate. It has plenty of needs, though it can exhibit great hardiness. It also has many ornamental traits.


⚫
This species is also known as the '''Empress of Brazil''' because of its origin in [[South America]] and in reference to the wife of Emperor [[Dom Pedro]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} It grows in very extreme and moist environments, and is commonly found near waterfalls in rich soil situated on [[granite]] rocks (which is why it is sometimes considered to be a [[lithophyte]]) and sunny places. However, it can be difficult to cultivate. It has plenty of needs, though it can exhibit great hardiness. It also has many ornamental traits.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}
The [[plant]] has a large [[bulb]] which produces a high stem with green bent down leaves. The ''Worsleya'' has really beautiful and spectacular blooms. They are large, lilac to blue colored with small freckles on them. The seeds which the [[plant]] produces are black and semicircular. The seeds should be sown in [[pumice]] or sometimes in [[Sphagnum]] but in the second case the threat of decay is higher.


== Description ==
⚫
[[Category:Amaryllidaceae genera]]
[[File:Seeds of Worsleya procera (Lem.) Traub.jpg|thumb|Seeds of ''Worsleya procera'' (Lem.) Traub with scale bar (1 cm)]]
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[[Category:Monotypic plant genera]]
The plant has a large [[bulb]] that produces a high stem with green recurved leaves. ''Worsleya'' produces spectacular and beautiful blooms. They are large, lilac to blue, with small freckles on them. The seeds are black and semicircular, and (when cultivated) are usually sown in [[pumice]] or sometimes ''[[Sphagnum]],'' although with ''[[Sphagnum]]'' the threat of decay is higher.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6167409#page/139/mode/1up Lemaire, (Antoine) Charles. 1864. L'illustration horticole 11: t. 408. as ''Hippeastrum procerum'' ].</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/251126#page/80/mode/1up Duchartre, Pierre Étienne Simon. 1863. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 10: 75. as ''Amaryllis procera'' nom illeg., not Salisbury 1796].</ref><ref>Traub, Hamilton Paul & Moldenke, Harold Norman. 1949. Amaryllis Manual 23. as ''Worsleya rayneri''</ref>
⚫
[[Category:Flora of Brazil]]


==Conservation==
It is critically endangered,<ref name="iucn" /> and it is included in the Brazilian official list of endangered species.<ref name = "MEIRELLES et al. 1999">MEIRELLES, S. T., PIVELLO, V. R., & JOLY, C. A. (1999). The vegetation of granite rock outcrops in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the need for its protection. Environmental Conservation, 26(1), 10–20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44519516</ref>


==Etymology==
{{Asparagales-stub}}
It is named after [[Arthington Worsley]] (1861-1943).<ref name = "Gardens by the Bay, 2023">Empress of Brazil (''Worsleya procera''). (n.d.). Gardens by the Bay. Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/en/learn-with-us/explore-resources/whats-blooming/empress-of-brazil-worsleya-procera.html</ref>


==Cytology==
[[es:Worsleya]]
The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 42 unlike its sister group ''Griffinia'' with 2n = 20.<ref name = "Dutilh, 2003">Dutilh, J. A. H. (2003, August). [https://wwwlib.teiep.gr/images/stories/acta/Acta%20683/683_2.pdf "Ornamental bulbous plants of Brazil."] In V International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops 683 (pp. 37-42).</ref>
[[fr:Worsleya]]

[[pl:Worsleya procera]]
==References==
[[ru:Ворслея]]
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q16106708|from2=Q2660994|from3=Q15507271}}

[[Category:Amaryllidoideae]]
⚫
[[Category:Amaryllidaceae genera]]
⚫
[[Category:Monotypic Asparagales genera]]
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[[Category:Endemic flora of Brazil]]
[[Category:Critically endangered plants]]

Latest revision as of 13:44, 30 April 2024

Worsleya
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Tribe: Griffineae
Genus: Worsleya
(W.Watson ex Traub) Traub
Species:
W. procera
Binomial name
Worsleya procera
Synonyms[3][4][5]
  • Amaryllis subg. Worselya W.Watson ex Traub
  • Hippeastrum procerum Lem.
  • Amaryllis procera Duch. 1863, illegitimate homonym not Salisb. 1796
  • Amaryllis rayneri Hook.f.
  • Worsleya rayneri (Hook.f.) Traub & Moldenke

Worsleya is a genus of Brazilian plants in the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae, cultivated as an ornamental because of its showy flowers. There is only one known species, Worsleya procera, native to eastern Brazil.[6][7][8] It is endemic to the marshy top of a mesa called "Mount Cuca" 30 miles (52 km) north of Rio de Janeiro. Here the sickle-shaped leaves curve northward. When grown in the northern hemisphere, the leaves curve southward.[9] It is one of the largest (around 1.5 meters (five feet) high by up to one foot (30 centimeters) thick near the base)[10] and also rarest members of the subfamily Amaryllidoideae (family Amaryllidaceae).

Botanical illustration of Worsleya procera [11]

This species is also known as the Empress of Brazil because of its origin in South America and in reference to the wife of Emperor Dom Pedro.[citation needed] It grows in very extreme and moist environments, and is commonly found near waterfalls in rich soil situated on granite rocks (which is why it is sometimes considered to be a lithophyte) and sunny places. However, it can be difficult to cultivate. It has plenty of needs, though it can exhibit great hardiness. It also has many ornamental traits.[citation needed]

Description[edit]

Seeds of Worsleya procera (Lem.) Traub with scale bar (1 cm)

The plant has a large bulb that produces a high stem with green recurved leaves. Worsleya produces spectacular and beautiful blooms. They are large, lilac to blue, with small freckles on them. The seeds are black and semicircular, and (when cultivated) are usually sown in pumice or sometimes Sphagnum, although with Sphagnum the threat of decay is higher.[12][13][14]

Conservation[edit]

It is critically endangered,[1] and it is included in the Brazilian official list of endangered species.[15]

Etymology[edit]

It is named after Arthington Worsley (1861-1943).[16]

Cytology[edit]

The diploid chromosome count is 2n = 42 unlike its sister group Griffinia with 2n = 20.[17]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Moraes, L. (2016). "Worsleya procera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T107250165A107302241. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Worsleya procera", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2012-12-29
  3. ^ The Plant List
  4. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Tropicos, Worsleya (W. Watson ex Traub) Traub
  6. ^ Mabberley, David (May 3, 2002). "pbs New wiki photos Worsleya bloom". Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  7. ^ Mabberley, David (1987). The plant-book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press.
  8. ^ Traub, Hamilton Paul 1944. Herbertia 10: 89
  9. ^ Martinelli, Gustavo (1989). Campos de Altitude. <not stated>: Editora index. pp. 70–78.
  10. ^ Everard, Barbara; Morley, Brian D. (1970). Wildflowers of the World. New York: G.P. Putnam and Sons. p. Plate 190 with caption.
  11. ^ 1871 illustration from Hooker, Joseph Dalton. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, volume 97 Series 3, issue 27, plate 5883, as Amaryllis rayneri
  12. ^ Lemaire, (Antoine) Charles. 1864. L'illustration horticole 11: t. 408. as Hippeastrum procerum .
  13. ^ Duchartre, Pierre Étienne Simon. 1863. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 10: 75. as Amaryllis procera nom illeg., not Salisbury 1796.
  14. ^ Traub, Hamilton Paul & Moldenke, Harold Norman. 1949. Amaryllis Manual 23. as Worsleya rayneri
  15. ^ MEIRELLES, S. T., PIVELLO, V. R., & JOLY, C. A. (1999). The vegetation of granite rock outcrops in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the need for its protection. Environmental Conservation, 26(1), 10–20. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44519516
  16. ^ Empress of Brazil (Worsleya procera). (n.d.). Gardens by the Bay. Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/en/learn-with-us/explore-resources/whats-blooming/empress-of-brazil-worsleya-procera.html
  17. ^ Dutilh, J. A. H. (2003, August). "Ornamental bulbous plants of Brazil." In V International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops 683 (pp. 37-42).
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