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[[File:Remains of Llanthony Priory - geograph.org.uk - 1118627.jpg|thumb|right|Llanthony Secunda Priory]]
[[File:Llanthony Secunda Priory in January 2019.jpg|thumb|right|Llanthony Secunda Priory]]
'''Llanthony Secunda Priory''' is a restored former [[Augustinian]] [[priory]] in [[Hempsted]], [[Gloucester]], England. [[Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford]], founded the priory for the monks of [[Llanthony Priory]], [[Vale of Ewyas]], in what is now [[Monmouthshire]], Wales, in 1136.<ref name="Ward 107">{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Jennifer C |author-link= |title=Women of the English nobility and gentry, 1066-1500 |series= Manchester medieval sources series |page=107 |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=1995 |location=Manchester |isbn=0-7190-4115-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1rwZxGiInMC&pg=PA107&dq=Llanthony+Priory+inauthor:Jennifer+inauthor:C+inauthor:Ward&hl=en&ei=UTzFTNiUKIbAswaKoZjcCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Llanthony%20Priory%20inauthor%3AJennifer%20inauthor%3AC%20inauthor%3AWard&f=false|accessdate=25 October 2010}}</ref>
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'''Llanthony Secunda Priory''' was a house of [[Canons regular#Canons Regular of Saint Augustine|Augustinian canons]] in the parish of [[Hempsted]], [[Gloucestershire]], England, situated about 1/2 a mile south-west of [[Gloucester Castle]] in the City of [[Gloucester]]. It was founded in 1136 by [[Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford]], a great magnate based in the west of England and the Welsh Marches, hereditary [[Constable of England]] and [[Sheriff of Gloucestershire]] (who resided at Gloucester Castle), as a secondary house and refuge for the canons of [[Llanthony Priory]] in the [[Vale of Ewyas]], within his [[Lordship of Brecknock]] in what is now [[Monmouthshire]], Wales.<ref name="Ward 107">{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Jennifer C |title=Women of the English nobility and gentry, 1066-1500 |series= Manchester medieval sources series |page=107 |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |year=1995 |location=Manchester |isbn=0-7190-4115-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1rwZxGiInMC&q=Llanthony+Priory+inauthor%3AJennifer+inauthor%3AC+inauthor%3AWard&pg=PA107|access-date=25 October 2010}}</ref> The surviving remains of the Priory were designated as [[Listed building|Grade I listed]] in 1952<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1271697|desc=Llanthony Priory, Remains of Range on south side of Inner Court |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> and the wider site is a scheduled ancient monument.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1002091|desc=Llanthony Secunda Priory|access-date=14 November 2015|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> In 2013 the Llanthony Secunda Priory Trust received funds for restoration work<ref>{{cite web|title=Llanthony Secunda Priory gets £311,400 lottery funding|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-25135678|website=BBC News - Gloucestershire|access-date=14 November 2015|date=29 November 2013}}</ref> which was completed in August 2018 when it re-opened to the public.<ref>{{cite web|title=You can step inside a Gloucester medieval building that's been hidden to the public for years this weekend|url=https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/whats-on/you-can-step-inside-gloucester-1932988|website=Gloucestershire Live|access-date=24 August 2018|date=24 August 2018}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[File:Llanthony Priory, Remains of Tythe Barn on North Side of Inner Court 11.JPG|thumb|Remains of Tythe Barn on North Side of Inner Court]]
In 1135, after persistent attacks from the local population, the [[monk]]s of [[Llanthony Priory]] in the [[Black Mountains, Wales]] retreated to Gloucester where they founded a daughter cell, Llanthony Secunda.<ref name="Wöosung">{{cite book|last1=Wade |first1= George Wöosung|authorlink1=George Woosung Wade|last2=Wade |first2= Joseph Henry |title=Monmouthshire |page=101 |quote= … during the disturbances of Stephen's reign they suffered so much from the raids of the Welshmen, that under the patronage of Milo of Gloucester, Constable of England, and in 1140 Earl of Hereford, they migrated to Gloucester where a new Llanthony was founded for them in 1136. | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1930 |series=Little Guides |edition=2nd |location=London |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPQ8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA102&dq=Llanthony&hl=en&ei=0jfMTOHTEIqMswae3OCWCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Llanthony&f=false|accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gerallt Llan">{{cite book|last=de Bari |first=Gerrald (Giraldus Cambrensis)|authorlink=Gerald of Wales |title=Originally: Itinerarium Cambriae ("Journey through Wales", 1191), Descriptio Cambriae ("Description of Wales", 1194), This edition: The itinerary through Wales, Description of Wales |page=36 |quote=William of Wycumb, the fourth prior of Llanthoni, succeeded to Robert de Braci, who was obliged to quit the monastery on account of the hostile molestation it received from the Welsh. |series=Everyman's Library | publisher=[[J. M. Dent|J.M. Dent & Sons]] |year=1191{{ndash}}94 |edition=5th (1935) |location=London |isbn=|url=https://archive.org/stream/itinerarythrough005174mbp#page/n53/mode/2up/search/Nest |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref>
In 1135 after persistent attacks from the local Welsh population, the [[Canon (clergy)|canons]] of [[Llanthony Priory]] retreated to Gloucester where they founded a secondary cell, called Llanthony Secunda.<ref name="Wöosung">{{cite book|last1=Wade |first1= George Wöosung|author-link1=George Woosung Wade|last2=Wade |first2= Joseph Henry |title=Monmouthshire |page=101 |quote= … during the disturbances of Stephen's reign they suffered so much from the raids of the Welshmen, that under the patronage of Milo of Gloucester, Constable of England, and in 1140 Earl of Hereford, they migrated to Gloucester where a new Llanthony was founded for them in 1136. | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1930 |series=Little Guides |edition=2nd |location=London |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QPQ8AAAAIAAJ&q=Llanthony&pg=PA102|access-date=30 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gerallt Llan">{{cite book|last=de Bari |first=Gerrald (Giraldus Cambrensis)|author-link=Gerald of Wales |title=Originally: Itinerarium Cambriae ("Journey through Wales", 1191), Descriptio Cambriae ("Description of Wales", 1194), This edition: The itinerary through Wales, Description of Wales |page=36 |quote=William of Wycumb, the fourth prior of Llanthoni, succeeded to Robert de Braci, who was obliged to quit the monastery on account of the hostile molestation it received from the Welsh. |series=Everyman's Library | publisher=[[J. M. Dent|J.M. Dent & Sons]] |date=1191{{ndash}}94 |edition=5th (1935) |location=London |url=https://archive.org/stream/itinerarythrough005174mbp#page/n53/mode/2up/search/Nest |access-date=30 October 2010}}</ref>


In 1530 the prior of Llanthony at Gloucester sent "cheise carp and baked lampreys" to Henry VIII at Windsor. It was also customary at the commencement of the fishing season to send the sovereign the first lamprey caught in the river. The intermittent custom of the city of Gloucester to present the sovereign at Christmas with a lamprey pie with a raised crust may have originated in the time of Henry I of England, who was inordinately fond of lamprey and who frequently held his court at Gloucester during the Christmas season.<ref>William Walsh's ''Curiosities of Popular Customs, 1897''</ref> Shortly afterwards the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] occurred, and the priory with its lands near Gloucester was granted by the Crown to [[Arthur Porter (MP)|Arthur Porter]].<ref name="british-history">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42323|title=Gloucester - Outlying hamlets &#124; A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 4 (pp. 382-410)|publisher=british-history.ac.uk|accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref>
Llanthony Secunda was known for cheese-making; in 1502 the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Prior of Llanthony gave presents of "Lanthony Cheese" to [[Elizabeth of York]], the wife of [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]].<ref>Nicholas Harris Nicholas, ''Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York'' (London, 1830), pp. 14, 18, 44.</ref> In 1530 the prior of Llanthony at Gloucester sent "cheese, [[carp]] and baked [[lamprey]]s" to King [[Henry VIII]] at [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]]. It was customary at the commencement of the fishing season to send the sovereign the first lamprey caught in the river. The intermittent custom of the City of Gloucester to present the sovereign at Christmas with a lamprey pie with a raised crust may have originated in the time of King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]], who was inordinately fond of lamprey and who frequently held his court at Gloucester during the Christmas season.<ref>William Walsh's ''Curiosities of Popular Customs, 1897''</ref> At the [[Dissolution of the Monasteries]] the priory and its lands near Gloucester were granted by the Crown to [[Arthur Porter (MP)|Arthur Porter]].<ref name="british-history">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42323|title=Gloucester - Outlying hamlets &#124; A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 4 (pp. 382-410)|publisher=british-history.ac.uk|access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>


=== Humpty Dumpty ===
=== Humpty Dumpty ===
During the [[Siege of Gloucester]] a Royalist cannon, shipped in from Holland to Bristol and from there to Gloucester, was placed on the walls of Llanthony Secunda and directed at Gloucester's City Wall. It was hoped by the besieging monarch, [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], that this cannon would break the siege and win him control of the city. The cannon misfired and exploded on the first shot. Some believe this to be the origin of the [[Humpty Dumpty]] nursery rhyme; but this is disputed. The true origins of Humpty Dumpty are unknown but the idea that it refers to the Royalist cannon during the Siege of Gloucester is often cited as fact.<ref>A. Jack, ''Pop Goes the Weasel: The Secret Meanings of Nursery Rhymes'' (London: Allen Lane, 2008).</ref>
During the [[Siege of Gloucester]] a Royalist cannon, shipped in from Holland to Bristol and from there to Gloucester, was placed on the walls of Llanthony Secunda and directed at Gloucester's City Wall. It was hoped by the besieging monarch, [[Charles I of England|Charles I]], that this cannon would break the siege and win him control of the city. The cannon misfired and exploded on the first shot. Some believe this to be the origin of the [[Humpty Dumpty]] nursery rhyme; but this is disputed. The true origins of Humpty Dumpty are unknown but the idea that it refers to the Royalist cannon during the Siege of Gloucester is often cited as fact.<ref>A. Jack, ''Pop Goes the Weasel: The Secret Meanings of Nursery Rhymes'' (London: Allen Lane, 2008).</ref>

== Today ==
⚫
The remains of the priory were designated as [[Listed building|Grade I listed]] in 1952<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1271697|desc=Llanthony Priory, Remains of Range on south side of Inner Court |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> and the wider site is a scheduled ancient monument.<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1002091|desc=Llanthony Secunda Priory|access-date=14 November 2015|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> In 2013 the Llanthony Secunda Priory Trust received funds for restoration work.<ref>{{cite web|title=Llanthony Secunda Priory gets £311,400 lottery funding|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-25135678|website=BBC News - Gloucestershire|accessdate=14 November 2015|date=29 November 2013}}</ref> The work was completed, and the priory re-opened to the public, in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=You can step inside a Gloucester medieval building that’s been hidden to the public for years this weekend|url=https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/whats-on/you-can-step-inside-gloucester-1932988|website=Gloucestershire Live|accessdate=24 August 2018|date=24 August 2018}}</ref>


== Llanthony Weir and Lock ==
== Llanthony Weir and Lock ==
Llanthony has given its name to a weir on the [[River Severn]], which is the normal tidal limit on the East Channel of the river, and the disused Llanthony Lock, both built about 1870.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42306 Victoria County History of Gloucestershire: Gloucester Quays and Docks]</ref>
Llanthony has given its name to a [[weir]] on the [[River Severn]], which is the normal tidal limit on the East Channel of the river, and the disused Llanthony Lock, both built about 1870.<ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42306 Victoria County History of Gloucestershire: Gloucester Quays and Docks]</ref>
Llanthony Lock was purchased by the [[Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal|Herefordshire & Gloucestershire Canal]] Trust in 2008<ref>[http://www.h-g-canal.org.uk/html/llanthony_lock.htm Canal Restoration at Llanthony Lock Gloucester] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912050532/http://www.h-g-canal.org.uk/html/llanthony_lock.htm |date=2009-09-12 }}</ref> to restore the link between that canal and Gloucester Docks.
Llanthony Lock was purchased by the [[Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal|Herefordshire & Gloucestershire Canal]] Trust in 2008<ref>[http://www.h-g-canal.org.uk/html/llanthony_lock.htm Canal Restoration at Llanthony Lock Gloucester] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912050532/http://www.h-g-canal.org.uk/html/llanthony_lock.htm |date=2009-09-12 }}</ref> to restore the link between that canal and Gloucester Docks.


==Burials at Llanthony Secunda Priory==
==Burials at Llanthony Secunda Priory==
*[[Miles of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford]], the founder, buried in the [[chapter house]] of Llanthony Secunda Priory;<ref>George Roberts, ''Some account of Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire'', London, 1847, Appendix, pp.63 et seq[https://books.google.com/books?id=FCNkAAAAcAAJ&dq=bohun+buried+llanth&pg=PA66]</ref>
⚫
*[[Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford]]
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*[[Sibyl de Neufmarché]], wife of the founder;
*[[Eleanor de Braose]]
*[[Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford]], Llanthony Secunda Priory, son of founder;
*[[Margaret of Hereford]]
*[[Mahel de Hereford]], Llanthony Secunda Priory, son of founder;
⚫
*[[Sibyl de Neufmarché]]
*[[Henry FitzMiles]], Llanthony Secunda Priory, son of founder;
*[[Margaret of Hereford]] (d.1187), eldest daughter and eventual co-heiress of founder, who inherited the patronage of Llanthony Secunda Priory, wife of Humphrey II de Bohun (d.1165)
*[[Henry de Bohun]], Llanthony Secunda Priory
⚫
*[[Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford]], Llanthony Secunda Priory
*[[Anne of Gloucester]], (1383–1438) eldest daughter of [[Thomas of Woodstock]], Duke of Gloucester and Eleanor de Bohun. Buried Llanthony Secunda Priory;
*[[William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu]], husband of [[Anne of Gloucester]];
*[[Eleanor de Braose]], wife of Humphrey de Bohun, son and [[heir apparent]] of Humphrey IV de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 1st Earl of Essex (1204–1275), by whom she had issue, including Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford. She was herself descended from the founder's 2nd daughter and eventual co-heiress Bertha of Hereford who married William de Braose (d.1192), Lord of Bramber, Sussex.


== References ==
== References ==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Llanthony Secunda}}
{{Commons category|Llanthony Secunda|Llanthony Secunda Priory}}
* [http://www.llanthonysecunda.org/ Llanthony Secunda Priory Trust]
* [http://www.llanthonysecunda.org/ Llanthony Secunda Priory Trust]


Latest revision as of 22:51, 1 May 2024

Llanthony Secunda Priory

Llanthony Secunda Priory was a house of Augustinian canons in the parish of Hempsted, Gloucestershire, England, situated about 1/2 a mile south-west of Gloucester Castle in the City of Gloucester. It was founded in 1136 by Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford, a great magnate based in the west of England and the Welsh Marches, hereditary Constable of England and Sheriff of Gloucestershire (who resided at Gloucester Castle), as a secondary house and refuge for the canons of Llanthony Priory in the Vale of Ewyas, within his Lordship of Brecknock in what is now Monmouthshire, Wales.[1] The surviving remains of the Priory were designated as Grade I listed in 1952[2] and the wider site is a scheduled ancient monument.[3] In 2013 the Llanthony Secunda Priory Trust received funds for restoration work[4] which was completed in August 2018 when it re-opened to the public.[5]

History[edit]

Remains of Tythe Barn on North Side of Inner Court

In 1135 after persistent attacks from the local Welsh population, the canons of Llanthony Priory retreated to Gloucester where they founded a secondary cell, called Llanthony Secunda.[6][7]

Llanthony Secunda was known for cheese-making; in 1502 the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Prior of Llanthony gave presents of "Lanthony Cheese" to Elizabeth of York, the wife of Henry VII.[8] In 1530 the prior of Llanthony at Gloucester sent "cheese, carp and baked lampreys" to King Henry VIII at Windsor. It was customary at the commencement of the fishing season to send the sovereign the first lamprey caught in the river. The intermittent custom of the City of Gloucester to present the sovereign at Christmas with a lamprey pie with a raised crust may have originated in the time of King Henry I, who was inordinately fond of lamprey and who frequently held his court at Gloucester during the Christmas season.[9] At the Dissolution of the Monasteries the priory and its lands near Gloucester were granted by the Crown to Arthur Porter.[10]

Humpty Dumpty[edit]

During the Siege of Gloucester a Royalist cannon, shipped in from Holland to Bristol and from there to Gloucester, was placed on the walls of Llanthony Secunda and directed at Gloucester's City Wall. It was hoped by the besieging monarch, Charles I, that this cannon would break the siege and win him control of the city. The cannon misfired and exploded on the first shot. Some believe this to be the origin of the Humpty Dumpty nursery rhyme; but this is disputed. The true origins of Humpty Dumpty are unknown but the idea that it refers to the Royalist cannon during the Siege of Gloucester is often cited as fact.[11]

Llanthony Weir and Lock[edit]

Llanthony has given its name to a weir on the River Severn, which is the normal tidal limit on the East Channel of the river, and the disused Llanthony Lock, both built about 1870.[12] Llanthony Lock was purchased by the Herefordshire & Gloucestershire Canal Trust in 2008[13] to restore the link between that canal and Gloucester Docks.

Burials at Llanthony Secunda Priory[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ward, Jennifer C (1995). Women of the English nobility and gentry, 1066-1500. Manchester medieval sources series. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0-7190-4115-5. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  2. ^ Historic England. "Llanthony Priory, Remains of Range on south side of Inner Court (1271697)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  3. ^ Historic England. "Llanthony Secunda Priory (1002091)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  4. ^ "Llanthony Secunda Priory gets £311,400 lottery funding". BBC News - Gloucestershire. 29 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  5. ^ "You can step inside a Gloucester medieval building that's been hidden to the public for years this weekend". Gloucestershire Live. 24 August 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  6. ^ Wade, George Wöosung; Wade, Joseph Henry (1930). Monmouthshire. Little Guides (2nd ed.). London: Cambridge University Press. p. 101. Retrieved 30 October 2010. … during the disturbances of Stephen's reign they suffered so much from the raids of the Welshmen, that under the patronage of Milo of Gloucester, Constable of England, and in 1140 Earl of Hereford, they migrated to Gloucester where a new Llanthony was founded for them in 1136.
  7. ^ de Bari, Gerrald (Giraldus Cambrensis) (1191–94). Originally: Itinerarium Cambriae ("Journey through Wales", 1191), Descriptio Cambriae ("Description of Wales", 1194), This edition: The itinerary through Wales, Description of Wales. Everyman's Library (5th (1935) ed.). London: J.M. Dent & Sons. p. 36. Retrieved 30 October 2010. William of Wycumb, the fourth prior of Llanthoni, succeeded to Robert de Braci, who was obliged to quit the monastery on account of the hostile molestation it received from the Welsh.
  8. ^ Nicholas Harris Nicholas, Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York (London, 1830), pp. 14, 18, 44.
  9. ^ William Walsh's Curiosities of Popular Customs, 1897
  10. ^ "Gloucester - Outlying hamlets | A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 4 (pp. 382-410)". british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  11. ^ A. Jack, Pop Goes the Weasel: The Secret Meanings of Nursery Rhymes (London: Allen Lane, 2008).
  12. ^ Victoria County History of Gloucestershire: Gloucester Quays and Docks
  13. ^ Canal Restoration at Llanthony Lock Gloucester Archived 2009-09-12 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ George Roberts, Some account of Llanthony Priory, Monmouthshire, London, 1847, Appendix, pp.63 et seq[1]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Llanthony Secunda Priory.

51°51′36″N 2°15′25″W / 51.860°N 2.257°W / 51.860; -2.257

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