Avagraha: Difference between revisions
I inserted "the" into "in case of Hindi", because it's not a hypothetical sentence: "in case of"; instead, it's introducing an example and should therefore be: "in the case of". |
When referring to Indian languages, we should say Indian, not South Asian. |
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{{Diacritical marks|{{lang|hi|ऽ}}}} |
{{Diacritical marks|{{lang|hi|ऽ}}}} |
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'''Avagraha''' ('''{{lang|sa|ऽ}}''') is a symbol used to indicate [[prodelision]] of an {{lang|sa|अ}} ''({{IAST|a}})'' in many |
'''Avagraha''' ('''{{lang|sa|ऽ}}''') is a symbol used to indicate [[prodelision]] of an {{lang|sa|अ}} ''({{IAST|a}})'' in many Indian languages like Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्), Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), Telugu and Hindi as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the [[Sanskrit]] philosophical expression {{lang|sa|शिवोऽहम्}} ''{{IAST|Śivo’ham}}'' (''{{IAST|Śivaḥ aham}}''), which is a [[sandhi]] of ({{lang|sa|शिवः}} + {{lang|sa|अहम्}}) ‘I am [[Shiva]]’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example [[Hindi]] {{lang|hi|माँऽऽऽ!}} for ‘Mãããã!’ when calling to one’s mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as {{lang|hi|कूऽल}}. |
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In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in [[Sanskrit prosody|metrical poetry]]. For example, the syllables in the word {{lang|sa|छंदः}} ''{{IAST|chandaḥ}}'' ‘metre’ (in [[nominative]]) can be denoted as "{{lang|sa|ऽऽ}}", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "[[Systems of scansion]]".) |
In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in [[Sanskrit prosody|metrical poetry]]. For example, the syllables in the word {{lang|sa|छंदः}} ''{{IAST|chandaḥ}}'' ‘metre’ (in [[nominative]]) can be denoted as "{{lang|sa|ऽऽ}}", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "[[Systems of scansion]]".) |
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Revision as of 15:47, 26 September 2021
| In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek |
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| In Early Cyrillic | |
| In Indic | |
| In other scripts | |
| Marks used as diacritics |
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| Non-diacritic uses | |
| In Unicode |
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Avagraha (ऽ) is a symbol used to indicate prodelision of an अ (a) in many Indian languages like Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्), Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), Telugu and Hindi as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the Sanskrit philosophical expression शिवोऽहम् Śivo’ham (Śivaḥ aham), which is a sandhi of (शिवः + अहम्) ‘I am Shiva’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example Hindi माँऽऽऽ! for ‘Mãããã!’ when calling to one’s mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as कूऽल.
In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in metrical poetry. For example, the syllables in the word छंदः chandaḥ ‘metre’ (in nominative) can be denoted as "ऽऽ", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "Systems of scansion".)
Avagraha in Unicode
The avagraha symbol is encoded at several Unicode points, for various Brahmic scripts that use it.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
| Character | Unicode character number | Full Unicode name |
|---|---|---|
| ऽ | U+093D | Devanagari sign avagraha |
| ꣱ | U+A8F1 | Combining Devanagari sign avagraha |
| ꣷ | U+A8F7 | Devanagari sign candrabindu avagraha |
| ঽ | U+09BD | Bengali sign avagraha |
| ઽ | U+0ABD | Gujarati sign avagraha |
| ଽ | U+0B3D | Odia sign avagraha |
| ఽ | U+0C3D | Telugu sign avagraha |
| ಽ | U+0CBD | Kannada sign avagraha |
| ഽ | U+0D3D | Malayalam sign avagraha |
| ᮺ | U+1BBA | Sundanese sign avagraha |
| 𑓄 | U+114C4 | Tirhuta sign avagraha |
| ྅ | U+0F85 | Tibetan sign paluta |
References
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