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Avagraha (ऽ) is a symbol used to indicate prodelision of an अ (a) in many Indian languages like Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्), Nepali(नेपाली), Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), Telugu and Hindi as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the Sanskrit philosophical expression शिवोऽहम् Śivo’ham (Śivaḥ aham), which is a sandhi of (शिवः + अहम्) ‘I am Shiva’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example Hindi माँऽऽऽ! for ‘Mãããã!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as कूऽल.

In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in metrical poetry. For example, the syllables in the word छंदः chandaḥ ‘metre’ (in nominative) can be denoted as "ऽऽ", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "Systems of scansion".)

Avagraha in Unicode

The avagraha symbol is encoded at several Unicode points, for various Brahmic scripts that use it.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Avagraha characters in Unicode
Character	Unicode character number	Full Unicode name
ऽ	U+093D	Devanagari sign avagraha
꣱	U+A8F1	Combining Devanagari sign avagraha
ꣷ	U+A8F7	Devanagari sign candrabindu avagraha
ঽ	U+09BD	Bengali sign avagraha
ઽ	U+0ABD	Gujarati sign avagraha
ଽ	U+0B3D	Odia sign avagraha
ఽ	U+0C3D	Telugu sign avagraha
ಽ	U+0CBD	Kannada sign avagraha
ഽ	U+0D3D	Malayalam sign avagraha
ᮺ	U+1BBA	Sundanese sign avagraha
𑓄	U+114C4	Tirhuta sign avagraha
྅	U+0F85	Tibetan sign paluta

References

^ Devanagari (PDF), Unicode
^ Bengali (PDF), Unicode
^ Oriya(Odia) (PDF), Unicode
^ Telugu (PDF), Unicode
^ Malayalam (PDF), Unicode
^ Tibetan (PDF), Unicode

This writing system–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Devanagari (PDF), Unicode

[2] Bengali (PDF), Unicode

[3] Oriya(Odia) (PDF), Unicode

[4] Telugu (PDF), Unicode

[5] Malayalam (PDF), Unicode

[6] Tibetan (PDF), Unicode

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 {{Diacritical marks|{{lang|hi|ऽ}}}}
-'''Avagraha''' ('''{{lang|sa|ऽ}}''') is a symbol used to indicate [[prodelision]] of an {{lang|sa|अ}} ''({{IAST|a}})'' in many Indian languages like Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्), [[Nepali language|Nepali]](नेपाली), Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), Telugu (తెలుఁగు) and Hindi‌ (हिंदी) as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the [[Sanskrit]] philosophical expression {{lang|sa|शिवोऽहम्}} ''{{IAST|Śivo’ham}}'' (''{{IAST|Śivaḥ aham}}''), which is a [[sandhi]] of ({{lang|sa|शिवः}} + {{lang|sa|अहम्}}) ‘I am [[Shiva]]’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example [[Hindi]] {{lang|hi|माँऽऽऽ!}} for ‘Mãããã!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as {{lang|hi|कूऽल}}.
+'''Avagraha''' ('''{{lang|sa|ऽ}}''') is a symbol used to indicate [[prodelision]] of an {{lang|sa|अ}} ''({{IAST|a}})'' in many Indian languages like Sanskrit (संस्कृतम्), [[Nepali language|Nepali]](नेपाली), Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), Telugu and Hindi as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the [[Sanskrit]] philosophical expression {{lang|sa|शिवोऽहम्}} ''{{IAST|Śivo’ham}}'' (''{{IAST|Śivaḥ aham}}''), which is a [[sandhi]] of ({{lang|sa|शिवः}} + {{lang|sa|अहम्}}) ‘I am [[Shiva]]’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example [[Hindi]] {{lang|hi|माँऽऽऽ!}} for ‘Mãããã!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as {{lang|hi|कूऽल}}.
 In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in [[Sanskrit prosody|metrical poetry]].  For example, the syllables in the word {{lang|sa|छंदः}} ''{{IAST|chandaḥ}}'' ‘metre’ (in [[nominative]]) can be denoted as "{{lang|sa|ऽऽ}}", meaning two long syllables.  (Cf. other notations in entry "[[Systems of scansion]]".)

v t e Diacritics
In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek	◌́ ◌̋ acute, double acute ◌᷄ apex ◌̆ ◌̑ breve, inverted breve ◌̌ caron, háček ◌̧ cedilla ◌̂ circumflex ◌̈ diaeresis, umlaut, other ◌̇ ◌̣ dot ◌̀ ◌̏ grave, double grave ◌̉ hook above ◌̡ ◌̢ palatal hook, retroflex hook ◌̛ horn ◌ͅ iota subscript ◌̄ macron ◌̨ ogonek, nosinė ◌̊ ◌̥ overring, underring ◌͂ perispomene ◌͗ sicilicus ◌̃ tilde ◌῾ ◌᾿ rough breathing, smooth breathing
In Early Cyrillic	◌҄ kamora ◌҇ pokrytie ◌҃ titlo
In Indic	ं ং ଂ ം anusvara ऽ ঽ ଽ ఽ ഽ ྅ avagraha ँ ఁ ྃ chandrabindu ़ nuqta ् ് ్ ್ ් ် virama ः ঃ ଃ ஃ visarga
In other scripts	Arabic diacritics Greek diacritics Gurmukhī diacritics Hebrew diacritics diacritics in IPA Japanese kana diacritics ◌゙ ◌゚ dakuten, handakuten Khmer diacritics Syriac diacritics Thai diacritics
Marks used as diacritics	◌’ apostrophe ◌̸ bar ◌: colon ◌, comma ◌. full stop/period ◌˗ hyphen ◌′ prime
Non-diacritic uses	^ caret (computing) ° degree symbol ~ tilde § Mathematics
In Unicode	◌ dotted circle (placeholder glyph character) combining character § Unicode ranges
See also: English terms with diacritical marks Metal umlaut Punctuation marks Category: Diacritics