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For an alphabetical index of this subject, see the List of Chad-related articles.

Chad, officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa". Chad is divided into three major geographical regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara, and N'Djamena, the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam is the most widely practiced religion.

Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960 Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Recently, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad.

While many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état (see Battle of N'Djamena (2006) and Battle of N'Djamena (2008)).

The country is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; most Chadians live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.

The following topic outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Chad:

Geography of Chad

Main article: Geography of Chad

Chad is: a landlocked country
Location:
- Southern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Africa
  - Central Africa
  - Middle Africa
  - North Africa
  - partially within the Sahara Desert
- Extreme points of Chad
Population: 10,780,600(2007) - 75th
Size: 1,284,000 square kilometres (496,000 sq mi) - 21st
Atlas of Chad

Environment of Chad

Natural geographic features of Chad

Main article: Landforms of Chad

Regions of Chad

Ecoregions of Chad

Main article: Ecoregions in Chad

Administrative divisions of Chad

Main article: Administrative divisions of Chad

Regions of Chad
- Departments of Chad
  - Sub-prefectures of Chad

Provinces of Chad

Departments of Chad

Sub-prefectures of Chad

Municipalities of Chad

Capital of Chad: Capital of Chad
Cities of Chad

Demography of Chad

Main article: Demographics of Chad

Government and politics of Chad

Main article: Government of Chad and Politics of Chad

Form of government:
Capital of Chad: Capital of Chad

Elections in Chad
- (specific elections)
Political parties in Chad
Political scandals of Chad
Taxation in Chad

Branches of the government of Chad

Foreign relations of Chad

International organization membership

Main article: International organization membership of Chad

Chad is a member of:

[[]]
[[]]
[[]]

Law and order in Chad

Main article: Law of Chad

Military of Chad

Main article: Military of Chad

Command
- Commander-in-chief: [[]]
  - Ministry of Defence of Chad
Forces
Military history of Chad
Military ranks of Chad

Local government in Chad

History of Chad

Main article: History of Chad, Timeline of the history of Chad, and Current events of Chad

Culture of Chad

Main article: Culture of Chad

The Arts in Chad

Sports in Chad

Main article: Sports in Chad

Economy of Chad

Main article: Economy of Chad

Economic rank (by nominal GDP):

Chad Stock Exchange

Education in Chad

Main article: Education in Chad

Infrastructure of Chad

References

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Chad

Template:Lists by country

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 *** partially within the [[Sahara|Sahara Desert]]
 ** [[Extreme points of Chad]]
-* Population:
+* Population: 10,780,600(2007) - [[List of countries by area|75th]]
+* Size: {{convert|1284000|km2|sqmi}} - [[List of countries and outlying territories by area|21st]]
-* Size:
 * [[:commons:Atlas of Chad|Atlas of Chad]]