Servilia gens: Difference between revisions
m copyedit, MOS and or AWB general fixes using AWB |
m copyedit, MOS and or AWB general fixes using AWB |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The '''''gens Servilia''''' was a [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] family at [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]. The ''[[gens]]'' was celebrated during the early ages of the [[Roman Republic|Republic]], and the names of few ''gentes'' appear more frequently at this period in the [[Fasti|consular Fasti]]. It continued to produce men of influence in the state down to the latest times of the Republic, and even in the [[Roman Empire|imperial period]]. The first member of the ''gens'' who obtained the [[Roman consul|consulship]] was [[Publius Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 495 BC)|Publius Servilius Priscus Structus]] in 495 |
The '''''gens Servilia''''' was a [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]] family at [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]. The ''[[gens]]'' was celebrated during the early ages of the [[Roman Republic|Republic]], and the names of few ''gentes'' appear more frequently at this period in the [[Fasti|consular Fasti]]. It continued to produce men of influence in the state down to the latest times of the Republic, and even in the [[Roman Empire|imperial period]]. The first member of the ''gens'' who obtained the [[Roman consul|consulship]] was [[Publius Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 495 BC)|Publius Servilius Priscus Structus]] in 495 BC, and the last of the name who appears in the consular Fasti is Quintus Servilius Silanus, in AD 189, thus occupying a prominent position in the Roman state for nearly seven hundred years. |
||
Like other Roman ''gentes'', the Servilii of course had their own ''[[sacra (ancient Rome)|sacra]]''; and they are said to have worshipped a ''triens'', or copper coin, which is reported to have increased or diminished in size at various times, thus indicating the increase or diminution of the honors of the ''gens''. Although the Servilii were originally patricians, in the later Republic there were also plebeian Servilii.<ref name="ReferenceA">''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], Editor.</ref><ref name="Fasti Capitolini">''[[Fasti|Fasti Capitolini]]''.</ref><ref>[[Pliny the Elder|Gaius Plinius Secundus]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Historia Naturalis]]'', xxxiv. 13. s. 38.</ref> |
Like other Roman ''gentes'', the Servilii of course had their own ''[[sacra (ancient Rome)|sacra]]''; and they are said to have worshipped a ''triens'', or copper coin, which is reported to have increased or diminished in size at various times, thus indicating the increase or diminution of the honors of the ''gens''. Although the Servilii were originally patricians, in the later Republic there were also plebeian Servilii.<ref name="ReferenceA">''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]], Editor.</ref><ref name="Fasti Capitolini">''[[Fasti|Fasti Capitolini]]''.</ref><ref>[[Pliny the Elder|Gaius Plinius Secundus]], ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Historia Naturalis]]'', xxxiv. 13. s. 38.</ref> |
||
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
The Servilii were divided into numerous families; of these the names in the Republican period are ''Ahala, Axilla, Caepio, Casca, Geminus, Glaucia, Globulus, Priscus'' (with the ''agnomen Fidenas''), ''Rullus, Structus, Tucca'', and ''Vatia'' (with the ''agnomen Isauricus''). The Structi, Prisci, Ahalae, and Caepiones were patricians; the Cascae plebeians. Other ''[[cognomen|cognomina]]'' appear under the Empire. The only surnames found on coins are those of ''Ahala, Caepio, Casca'', and ''Rullus''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>[[Joseph Hilarius Eckhel]], ''Doctrina Numorum Veterum'', v. p. 308 ''ff.''</ref> |
The Servilii were divided into numerous families; of these the names in the Republican period are ''Ahala, Axilla, Caepio, Casca, Geminus, Glaucia, Globulus, Priscus'' (with the ''agnomen Fidenas''), ''Rullus, Structus, Tucca'', and ''Vatia'' (with the ''agnomen Isauricus''). The Structi, Prisci, Ahalae, and Caepiones were patricians; the Cascae plebeians. Other ''[[cognomen|cognomina]]'' appear under the Empire. The only surnames found on coins are those of ''Ahala, Caepio, Casca'', and ''Rullus''.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>[[Joseph Hilarius Eckhel]], ''Doctrina Numorum Veterum'', v. p. 308 ''ff.''</ref> |
||
The ''cognomen Structus'' almost always occurs in connection with the those of ''Priscus'' or ''Ahala''. The only Structus who is mentioned with this ''cognomen'' alone is Spurius Servilius Structus, who was [[tribuni militum consulari potestate|consular tribune]] in 368 |
The ''cognomen Structus'' almost always occurs in connection with the those of ''Priscus'' or ''Ahala''. The only Structus who is mentioned with this ''cognomen'' alone is Spurius Servilius Structus, who was [[tribuni militum consulari potestate|consular tribune]] in 368 BC. The fact that ''Structus'' appears in two of the oldest ''stirpes'' of the Servilii, neither of which clearly predates the other, could indicate that persons bearing this surname were ancestral to both great houses.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |
||
The Prisci were an ancient family of the Servilia ''gens'', and filled the highest offices of the state during the early years of the Republic. They also bore the ''agnomen'' of ''Structus'', which is always appended to their name in the ''Fasti'', till it was supplanted by that of ''Fidenas'', which was first obtained by Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus, who took [[Fidenae]] in his [[Roman dictator|dictatorship]], in 435 |
The Prisci were an ancient family of the Servilia ''gens'', and filled the highest offices of the state during the early years of the Republic. They also bore the ''agnomen'' of ''Structus'', which is always appended to their name in the ''Fasti'', till it was supplanted by that of ''Fidenas'', which was first obtained by Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus, who took [[Fidenae]] in his [[Roman dictator|dictatorship]], in 435 BC, and which was also borne by his descendants.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |
||
''Ahala'', of which ''Axilla'' is merely another form, is a diminutive of ''ala'', a wing. A popular legend related that the name was first given to [[Gaius Servilius Ahala|Gaius Servilius Structus]], ''[[Master of the Horse|magister equitum]]'' in 439 |
''Ahala'', of which ''Axilla'' is merely another form, is a diminutive of ''ala'', a wing. A popular legend related that the name was first given to [[Gaius Servilius Ahala|Gaius Servilius Structus]], ''[[Master of the Horse|magister equitum]]'' in 439 BC, because he hid the knife with which he slew [[Spurius Maelius]] in his armpit (also ''ala''). However, this does not appear to be the case, since the name had been in use by the family for at least a generation before that event.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> |
||
==Members of the gens== |
==Members of the gens== |
||
===Servilii Prisci=== |
===Servilii Prisci=== |
||
* Publius Servilius Priscus Structus, father of the consul of 495 |
* Publius Servilius Priscus Structus, father of the consul of 495 BC. |
||
* [[Publius Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 495 BC)|Publius Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus]], consul in 495 |
* [[Publius Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 495 BC)|Publius Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus]], consul in 495 BC, defeated the [[Sabine]]s and the [[Aurunci]]. |
||
* Quintus Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus, ''magister equitum'' in 494 |
* Quintus Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus, ''magister equitum'' in 494 BC.<ref>[[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]], ''Romaike Archaiologia'', vi. 40.</ref> |
||
* [[Spurius Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 476 BC)|Spurius Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus]], consul in 476 |
* [[Spurius Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 476 BC)|Spurius Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus]], consul in 476 BC, repulsed in his attempt to retake the [[Janiculum]] from the [[Etruscan culture|Etruscans]]. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 468 BC)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. Priscus Structus]], consul in 468 and 466 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus (consul 468 BC)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. Priscus Structus]], consul in 468 and 466 BC. |
||
* Publius Servilius S. f. P. n. Priscus Structus, consul in 463 |
* Publius Servilius S. f. P. n. Priscus Structus, consul in 463 BC, was carried off in his consulship by the great plague which raged at Rome in this year.<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', iii. 6, 7.</ref><ref>[[Dionysius of Halicarnassus]], ''Romaike Archaiologia'', ix. 67, 68.</ref><ref>[[Paulus Orosius]], ''Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII'', ii. 12.</ref> |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus Fidenas|Quintus Servilius P. f. S. n. Priscus Structus]], dictator in 435 and 418 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus Fidenas|Quintus Servilius P. f. S. n. Priscus Structus]], dictator in 435 and 418 BC, captured the town of [[Fidenae]], thereby obtaining the surname ''Fidenas''. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas (consular tribune 402 BC)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. P. n. Priscus Fidenas]], ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 402, 398, 395, 390, 388, and 386 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas (consular tribune 402 BC)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. P. n. Priscus Fidenas]], ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 402, 398, 395, 390, 388, and 386 BC. |
||
* Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Priscus Fidenas, ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 382, 378, and 369 |
* Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Priscus Fidenas, ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 382, 378, and 369 BC.<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', vi. 22, 31, 36.</ref> |
||
* Spurius Servilius Priscus, censor in 378 |
* Spurius Servilius Priscus, censor in 378 BC.<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', vi. 31.</ref> |
||
===Servilii Ahalae=== |
===Servilii Ahalae=== |
||
* Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala, consul in 478 |
* Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala, consul in 478 BC, died in his year of office.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/><ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', ii. 49.</ref> |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Ahala|Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala]], ''magister equitum'' in 439 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Ahala|Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala]], ''magister equitum'' in 439 BC, slew [[Spurius Maelius]]. |
||
* Quintus Servilius C. f. Structus Ahala, father of the consul of 427 |
* Quintus Servilius C. f. Structus Ahala, father of the consul of 427 BC. |
||
* Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. Structus Ahala, consul in 427 |
* Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. Structus Ahala, consul in 427 BC.<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', iv. 30.</ref> |
||
* Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. (Structus) Ahala (or Axilla), ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 419 and 418 |
* Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. (Structus) Ahala (or Axilla), ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 419 and 418 BC, and ''magister equitum'' in 418.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/><ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', iv. 45, 46.</ref> |
||
* Publius Servilius Q. n. Structus Ahala, father of the magister equitum of 408 |
* Publius Servilius Q. n. Structus Ahala, father of the magister equitum of 408 BC. |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala (magister equitum 408 BC)|Gaius Servilius P. f. Q. n. Structus Ahala]], ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 408, 407, and 402 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala (magister equitum 408 BC)|Gaius Servilius P. f. Q. n. Structus Ahala]], ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 408, 407, and 402 BC, and ''magister equitum'' in 408. |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Ahala (magister equitum 389 BC)|Gaius Servilius Ahala]], ''magister equitum'' in 389 and 385 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Ahala (magister equitum 389 BC)|Gaius Servilius Ahala]], ''magister equitum'' in 389 and 385 BC. |
||
* Quintus Servilius Q. f. Ahala, father of the consul of 365 |
* Quintus Servilius Q. f. Ahala, father of the consul of 365 BC. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Ahala (consul 365 BC)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Ahala]], consul in 365 and 362 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Ahala (consul 365 BC)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Ahala]], consul in 365 and 362 BC, and dictator in 360. |
||
* Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Ahala, ''magister equitum'' in 351 and consul in 342 |
* Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Ahala, ''magister equitum'' in 351 and consul in 342 BC.<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', vii. 22, 38.</ref> |
||
===Servilii Structi=== |
===Servilii Structi=== |
||
* Gaius Servilius Structus, grandfather of the consular tribune. |
* Gaius Servilius Structus, grandfather of the consular tribune. |
||
* Gaius Servilius C. f. Structus, father of the consular tribune. |
* Gaius Servilius C. f. Structus, father of the consular tribune. |
||
* Spurius Servilius C. f. C. n. Structus, ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 368 |
* Spurius Servilius C. f. C. n. Structus, ''tribunus militum consulari potestate'' in 368 BC.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/><ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', vi. 38.</ref><ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], ''[[Bibliotheca historica|Bibliotheca Historica]]'', xv. 78.</ref> |
||
===Servilii Caepiones=== |
===Servilii Caepiones=== |
||
* Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, grandfather of the consul of 253 |
* Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, grandfather of the consul of 253 BC. |
||
* Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Caepio, father of the consul of 253 |
* Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Caepio, father of the consul of 253 BC. |
||
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 253 BC)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 253 |
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 253 BC)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 253 BC, during the [[First Punic War]], sailed to the coast of Africa with his colleague, [[Gaius Sempronius Blaesus (consul 253 BC)|Gaius Sempronius Blaesus]]. |
||
* Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, father of the consul of 203 |
* Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, father of the consul of 203 BC. |
||
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 203 BC)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 203 |
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 203 BC)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 203 BC, during the [[Second Punic War]]. |
||
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 169 BC)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. f. Caepio]], consul in 169 |
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Caepio (consul 169 BC)|Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. f. Caepio]], consul in 169 BC. |
||
* [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus]], consul in 142 |
* [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus]], consul in 142 BC, adopted by [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus]]. |
||
* Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 141 and censor in 125 |
* Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 141 and censor in 125 BC.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', xii. 5, ''De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum'', ii. 16, ''[[In Verrem]]'', i. 55.</ref><ref>[[Sextus Julius Frontinus]], ''[[De aquaeductu|De Aquaeductu]]'', 8.</ref><ref>[[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]], ''Compendium of Roman History'', ii. 10.</ref> |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio (consul 140 BC)|Quintus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 140 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio (consul 140 BC)|Quintus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 140 BC, during the [[Lusitanian War]]. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio|Quintus Servilius Q. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 106 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio|Quintus Servilius Q. f. Cn. n. Caepio]], consul in 106 BC, during the [[Cimbrian War]]; his army annihilated at the [[Battle of Arausio]] in 105. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio the Younger|Quintus Servilius (Q. f. Q. n.) Caepio]], quaestor ''urbanus'' in 100 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio the Younger|Quintus Servilius (Q. f. Q. n.) Caepio]], quaestor ''urbanus'' in 100 BC, killed in an ambush during the [[Social War (91-88 BC)|Social War]]. |
||
* [[Servilia Caepionis|Servilia Q. f. Q. n.]], married [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Elder|Marcus Junius Brutus]], and was the mother of the [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|tyrranicide]]. |
* [[Servilia Caepionis|Servilia Q. f. Q. n.]], married [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Elder|Marcus Junius Brutus]], and was the mother of the [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|tyrranicide]]. |
||
* [[Servilia the Younger|Servilia Q. f. Q. n.]], married [[Lucullus|Lucius Licinius Lucullus]], praetor in 74 |
* [[Servilia the Younger|Servilia Q. f. Q. n.]], married [[Lucullus|Lucius Licinius Lucullus]], praetor in 74 BC. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio (son of Q. S. Caepio the Younger)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. (Q. n.) Caepio]], ''tribunus militum'' during the [[Third Servile War|war against Spartacus]], in 72 |
* [[Quintus Servilius Caepio (son of Q. S. Caepio the Younger)|Quintus Servilius Q. f. (Q. n.) Caepio]], ''tribunus militum'' during the [[Third Servile War|war against Spartacus]], in 72 BC. |
||
* Servilius Caepio, a supporter of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]], and at one time betrothed to his daughter, Julia.<ref>[[Appian]]us, ''Bellum Civile'', ii. 14.</ref><ref>[[Suetonius|Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus]], ''[[The Twelve Caesars|De Vita Caesarum]]'', ''Caesar'' 21.</ref><ref>[[Plutarch]]us, ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]'', ''Caesar'', 14, ''Pompeius'', 47.</ref> |
* Servilius Caepio, a supporter of [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]], and at one time betrothed to his daughter, Julia.<ref>[[Appian]]us, ''Bellum Civile'', ii. 14.</ref><ref>[[Suetonius|Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus]], ''[[The Twelve Caesars|De Vita Caesarum]]'', ''Caesar'' 21.</ref><ref>[[Plutarch]]us, ''[[Parallel Lives|Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans]]'', ''Caesar'', 14, ''Pompeius'', 47.</ref> |
||
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus]], the name taken by Marcus Junius Brutus, the tyrannicide, when he was adopted by his uncle, the consul of 72 |
* [[Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger|Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus]], the name taken by Marcus Junius Brutus, the tyrannicide, when he was adopted by his uncle, the consul of 72 BC. |
||
===Servilii Gemini=== |
===Servilii Gemini=== |
||
* Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, grandfather of the consul of 252 |
* Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, grandfather of the consul of 252 BC. |
||
* Quintus Servilius Cn. f. Geminus, father of the consul of 252 |
* Quintus Servilius Cn. f. Geminus, father of the consul of 252 BC. |
||
* [[Publius Servilius Geminus (consul 252 BC)|Publius Servilius Q. f. Cn. n. Geminus]], consul in 252 and 248 |
* [[Publius Servilius Geminus (consul 252 BC)|Publius Servilius Q. f. Cn. n. Geminus]], consul in 252 and 248 BC, during the [[First Punic War]]. |
||
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Geminus|Gnaeus Servilius P. f. Q. n. Geminus]], consul in 217 |
* [[Gnaeus Servilius Geminus|Gnaeus Servilius P. f. Q. n. Geminus]], consul in 217 BC, slain at the [[Battle of Cannae]] in 216. |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Geminus (praetor before 218 BC)|Gaius Servilius P. f. Geminus]], praetor before 218 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Geminus (praetor before 218 BC)|Gaius Servilius P. f. Geminus]], praetor before 218 BC, taken prisoner by the [[Boii]] that year. |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Geminus (consul 203 BC)|Gaius Servilius C. f. P. n. Geminus]], consul in 203 and dictator in 202 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Geminus (consul 203 BC)|Gaius Servilius C. f. P. n. Geminus]], consul in 203 and dictator in 202 BC, and later Pontifex Maximus. |
||
* [[Marcus Servilius Pulex Geminus|Marcus Servilius C. f. P. n. Pulex Geminus]], consul in 202 |
* [[Marcus Servilius Pulex Geminus|Marcus Servilius C. f. P. n. Pulex Geminus]], consul in 202 BC. |
||
* Marcus Servilius Geminus, consul in |
* Marcus Servilius Geminus, consul in AD 3.<ref>[[Valerius Maximus]], ''[[Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX|Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium libri IX]]'', i. 8. § 11.</ref> |
||
===Servilii Cascae=== |
===Servilii Cascae=== |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Casca (tribune 212 BC)|Gaius Servilius Casca]], ''tribunus plebis'' in 212 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Casca (tribune 212 BC)|Gaius Servilius Casca]], ''tribunus plebis'' in 212 BC, failed to intervene on behalf of his relative, [[Marcus Postumius Pyrgensis]].<ref>[[Livy|Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe Condita (book)|Ab Urbe Condita]]'', xxv. 3.</ref> |
||
* [[Servilius Casca|Publius Servilius Casca Longus]], one of Caesar's assassins, died shortly after the [[Battle of Philippi]], in 42 |
* [[Servilius Casca|Publius Servilius Casca Longus]], one of Caesar's assassins, died shortly after the [[Battle of Philippi]], in 42 BC. |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Casca (44 BC)|Gaius Servilius Casca]], brother of Publius, and another of Caesar's assassins. |
* [[Gaius Servilius Casca (44 BC)|Gaius Servilius Casca]], brother of Publius, and another of Caesar's assassins. |
||
===Servilii Vatiae=== |
===Servilii Vatiae=== |
||
* Marcus Servilius Vatia, grandfather of the consul of 79 |
* Marcus Servilius Vatia, grandfather of the consul of 79 BC. |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Vatia|Gaius Servilius M. f. Vatia]], father of the consul of 79 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Vatia|Gaius Servilius M. f. Vatia]], father of the consul of 79 BC. |
||
* [[Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (consul 79 BC)|Publius Servilius C. f. M. n. Vatia]], surnamed ''Isauricus'', consul in 79 and censor in 55 |
* [[Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (consul 79 BC)|Publius Servilius C. f. M. n. Vatia]], surnamed ''Isauricus'', consul in 79 and censor in 55 BC, triumphed over the [[Isauria|Isauri]]. |
||
* [[Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (consul 48 BCE)|Publius Servilius P. f. C. n. Vatia Isauricus]], consul in 48 and 41 |
* [[Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus (consul 48 BCE)|Publius Servilius P. f. C. n. Vatia Isauricus]], consul in 48 and 41 BC. |
||
* Servilia P. f. P. n., betrothed to [[Augustus|Octavianus]] until the formation of the [[Second Triumvirate|second triumvirate]] in 43 |
* Servilia P. f. P. n., betrothed to [[Augustus|Octavianus]] until the formation of the [[Second Triumvirate|second triumvirate]] in 43 BC. |
||
===Servilii Rulli=== |
===Servilii Rulli=== |
||
* [[Servilius Rullus|Publius Servilius Rullus]], ''tribunus plebis'' in 63 |
* [[Servilius Rullus|Publius Servilius Rullus]], ''tribunus plebis'' in 63 BC, proposed an [[agrarian law]]. |
||
* Lucius Servilius Rullus, one of the generals of [[Augustus|Octavianus]] in the [[Perusine War|Perusinian War]].<ref>[[Cassius Dio|Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus]], ''Roman History'', xlviii. 28.</ref><ref>[[Appian]]us, ''Bellum Civile'', v. 58.</ref> |
* Lucius Servilius Rullus, one of the generals of [[Augustus|Octavianus]] in the [[Perusine War|Perusinian War]].<ref>[[Cassius Dio|Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus]], ''Roman History'', xlviii. 28.</ref><ref>[[Appian]]us, ''Bellum Civile'', v. 58.</ref> |
||
===Others=== |
===Others=== |
||
* Gaius Servilius Tucca, consul in 284 |
* Gaius Servilius Tucca, consul in 284 BC.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/> |
||
* Servilia, the wife of [[Quintus Lutatius Catulus]], consul in 102 |
* Servilia, the wife of [[Quintus Lutatius Catulus]], consul in 102 BC.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', ii. 8.</ref> |
||
* [[Gaius Servilius Glaucia]], praetor in 100 |
* [[Gaius Servilius Glaucia]], praetor in 100 BC, a supporter of [[Lucius Appuleius Saturninus]], with whom he perished. |
||
* Quintus Servilius, proconsul in 90 |
* Quintus Servilius, proconsul in 90 BC, was slain by the inhabitants of [[Asculum]] on the outbreak of the [[Social War (91-88 BC)|Social War]]. |
||
* Publius Servilius, an ''eques, magister'' of one of the companies that farmed the taxes in [[Sicily|Sicilia]] during the administration of [[Verres]].<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', iii. 71.</ref> |
* Publius Servilius, an ''eques, magister'' of one of the companies that farmed the taxes in [[Sicily|Sicilia]] during the administration of [[Verres]].<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', iii. 71.</ref> |
||
* [[Publius Servilius Globulus]], ''tribunus plebis'' in 67 |
* [[Publius Servilius Globulus]], ''tribunus plebis'' in 67 BC. |
||
* Gaius Servilius, a Roman citizen in Sicilia, publicly scourged by Verres.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', v. 54.</ref> |
* Gaius Servilius, a Roman citizen in Sicilia, publicly scourged by Verres.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''[[In Verrem]]'', v. 54.</ref> |
||
* Marcus Servilius, accused of ''repetundae'' in 51 |
* Marcus Servilius, accused of ''repetundae'' in 51 BC.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', viii. 8 § 3, ''Epistulae ad Atticum'', vi. 3 § 10.</ref> |
||
* Marcus Servilius, ''tribunus plebis'' in 44 |
* Marcus Servilius, ''tribunus plebis'' in 44 BC, praised by [[Cicero]] as a ''vir fortissimus''.<ref>[[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]], ''Epistulae ad Familiares'', xii. 7, ''[[Philippicae]]'', iv. 6.</ref> |
||
* [[Marcus Servilius Nonianus]], consul in |
* [[Marcus Servilius Nonianus]], consul in AD 35, and one of the most celebrated orators and historians of his time. |
||
* [[Damocrates|Servilius Damocrates]], a physician at Rome during the 1st century. |
* [[Damocrates|Servilius Damocrates]], a physician at Rome during the 1st century. |
||
* Servilius Barea Soranus, consul ''suffectus'' in |
* Servilius Barea Soranus, consul ''suffectus'' in AD 52, and afterwards proconsul of [[Asia (Roman province)|Asia]]; falsely accused of plotting revolution, and condemned to death. |
||
* Servilia, daughter of Barea Soranus, accused and condemned with her father in |
* Servilia, daughter of Barea Soranus, accused and condemned with her father in AD 66. |
||
* [[Quintus Servilius Pudens]], consul in |
* [[Quintus Servilius Pudens]], consul in AD 166.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/><ref>[[Augustan History|Aelius Lampridius]], ''Alexander Severus'', ''Commodus'', 11.</ref> |
||
* Marcus Servilius Silanus, consul in |
* Marcus Servilius Silanus, consul in AD 188.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/> |
||
* Quintus Servilius Silanus, consul in |
* Quintus Servilius Silanus, consul in AD 189.<ref name="Fasti Capitolini"/> |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 20:58, 25 November 2010
The gens Servilia was a patrician family at Rome. The gens was celebrated during the early ages of the Republic, and the names of few gentes appear more frequently at this period in the consular Fasti. It continued to produce men of influence in the state down to the latest times of the Republic, and even in the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Publius Servilius Priscus Structus in 495 BC, and the last of the name who appears in the consular Fasti is Quintus Servilius Silanus, in AD 189, thus occupying a prominent position in the Roman state for nearly seven hundred years.
Like other Roman gentes, the Servilii of course had their own sacra; and they are said to have worshipped a triens, or copper coin, which is reported to have increased or diminished in size at various times, thus indicating the increase or diminution of the honors of the gens. Although the Servilii were originally patricians, in the later Republic there were also plebeian Servilii.[1][2][3]
Origin of the gens
The Servilia gens was one of the Alban houses removed to Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and enrolled by him among the patricians. It was, consequently, one of the gentes minores. The nomen Servilius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Servius, which must have been borne by the ancestor of the gens.[4][5]
Praenomina used by the gens
The different branches of the Servilii each used slightly different sets of praenomina. The oldest stirpes used the praenomina Publius, Quintus, Spurius, and Gaius. The Servilii Caepiones used primarily Gnaeus and Quintus. The Servilii Gemini employed Gnaeus, Quintus, Publius, Gaius, and Marcus. The ancestors of the gens must have used the praenomen Servius, but the family no longer used it in historical times.[1]
Branches and cognomina of the gens
The Servilii were divided into numerous families; of these the names in the Republican period are Ahala, Axilla, Caepio, Casca, Geminus, Glaucia, Globulus, Priscus (with the agnomen Fidenas), Rullus, Structus, Tucca, and Vatia (with the agnomen Isauricus). The Structi, Prisci, Ahalae, and Caepiones were patricians; the Cascae plebeians. Other cognomina appear under the Empire. The only surnames found on coins are those of Ahala, Caepio, Casca, and Rullus.[1][6]
The cognomen Structus almost always occurs in connection with the those of Priscus or Ahala. The only Structus who is mentioned with this cognomen alone is Spurius Servilius Structus, who was consular tribune in 368 BC. The fact that Structus appears in two of the oldest stirpes of the Servilii, neither of which clearly predates the other, could indicate that persons bearing this surname were ancestral to both great houses.[1]
The Prisci were an ancient family of the Servilia gens, and filled the highest offices of the state during the early years of the Republic. They also bore the agnomen of Structus, which is always appended to their name in the Fasti, till it was supplanted by that of Fidenas, which was first obtained by Quintus Servilius Priscus Structus, who took Fidenae in his dictatorship, in 435 BC, and which was also borne by his descendants.[1]
Ahala, of which Axilla is merely another form, is a diminutive of ala, a wing. A popular legend related that the name was first given to Gaius Servilius Structus, magister equitum in 439 BC, because he hid the knife with which he slew Spurius Maelius in his armpit (also ala). However, this does not appear to be the case, since the name had been in use by the family for at least a generation before that event.[1]
Members of the gens
Servilii Prisci
- Publius Servilius Priscus Structus, father of the consul of 495 BC.
- Publius Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus, consul in 495 BC, defeated the Sabines and the Aurunci.
- Quintus Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus, magister equitum in 494 BC.[7]
- Spurius Servilius P. f. Priscus Structus, consul in 476 BC, repulsed in his attempt to retake the Janiculum from the Etruscans.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. Priscus Structus, consul in 468 and 466 BC.
- Publius Servilius S. f. P. n. Priscus Structus, consul in 463 BC, was carried off in his consulship by the great plague which raged at Rome in this year.[8][9][10]
- Quintus Servilius P. f. S. n. Priscus Structus, dictator in 435 and 418 BC, captured the town of Fidenae, thereby obtaining the surname Fidenas.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. P. n. Priscus Fidenas, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 402, 398, 395, 390, 388, and 386 BC.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Priscus Fidenas, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 382, 378, and 369 BC.[11]
- Spurius Servilius Priscus, censor in 378 BC.[12]
Servilii Ahalae
- Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala, consul in 478 BC, died in his year of office.[2][13]
- Gaius Servilius Structus Ahala, magister equitum in 439 BC, slew Spurius Maelius.
- Quintus Servilius C. f. Structus Ahala, father of the consul of 427 BC.
- Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. Structus Ahala, consul in 427 BC.[14]
- Gaius Servilius Q. f. C. n. (Structus) Ahala (or Axilla), tribunus militum consulari potestate in 419 and 418 BC, and magister equitum in 418.[2][15]
- Publius Servilius Q. n. Structus Ahala, father of the magister equitum of 408 BC.
- Gaius Servilius P. f. Q. n. Structus Ahala, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 408, 407, and 402 BC, and magister equitum in 408.
- Gaius Servilius Ahala, magister equitum in 389 and 385 BC.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. Ahala, father of the consul of 365 BC.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Ahala, consul in 365 and 362 BC, and dictator in 360.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. Q. n. Ahala, magister equitum in 351 and consul in 342 BC.[16]
Servilii Structi
- Gaius Servilius Structus, grandfather of the consular tribune.
- Gaius Servilius C. f. Structus, father of the consular tribune.
- Spurius Servilius C. f. C. n. Structus, tribunus militum consulari potestate in 368 BC.[2][17][18]
Servilii Caepiones
- Gnaeus Servilius Caepio, grandfather of the consul of 253 BC.
- Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Caepio, father of the consul of 253 BC.
- Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 253 BC, during the First Punic War, sailed to the coast of Africa with his colleague, Gaius Sempronius Blaesus.
- Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, father of the consul of 203 BC.
- Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 203 BC, during the Second Punic War.
- Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. f. Caepio, consul in 169 BC.
- Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus, consul in 142 BC, adopted by Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus.
- Gnaeus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 141 and censor in 125 BC.[19][20][21]
- Quintus Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 140 BC, during the Lusitanian War.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. Cn. n. Caepio, consul in 106 BC, during the Cimbrian War; his army annihilated at the Battle of Arausio in 105.
- Quintus Servilius (Q. f. Q. n.) Caepio, quaestor urbanus in 100 BC, killed in an ambush during the Social War.
- Servilia Q. f. Q. n., married Marcus Junius Brutus, and was the mother of the tyrranicide.
- Servilia Q. f. Q. n., married Lucius Licinius Lucullus, praetor in 74 BC.
- Quintus Servilius Q. f. (Q. n.) Caepio, tribunus militum during the war against Spartacus, in 72 BC.
- Servilius Caepio, a supporter of Caesar, and at one time betrothed to his daughter, Julia.[22][23][24]
- Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, the name taken by Marcus Junius Brutus, the tyrannicide, when he was adopted by his uncle, the consul of 72 BC.
Servilii Gemini
- Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, grandfather of the consul of 252 BC.
- Quintus Servilius Cn. f. Geminus, father of the consul of 252 BC.
- Publius Servilius Q. f. Cn. n. Geminus, consul in 252 and 248 BC, during the First Punic War.
- Gnaeus Servilius P. f. Q. n. Geminus, consul in 217 BC, slain at the Battle of Cannae in 216.
- Gaius Servilius P. f. Geminus, praetor before 218 BC, taken prisoner by the Boii that year.
- Gaius Servilius C. f. P. n. Geminus, consul in 203 and dictator in 202 BC, and later Pontifex Maximus.
- Marcus Servilius C. f. P. n. Pulex Geminus, consul in 202 BC.
- Marcus Servilius Geminus, consul in AD 3.[25]
Servilii Cascae
- Gaius Servilius Casca, tribunus plebis in 212 BC, failed to intervene on behalf of his relative, Marcus Postumius Pyrgensis.[26]
- Publius Servilius Casca Longus, one of Caesar's assassins, died shortly after the Battle of Philippi, in 42 BC.
- Gaius Servilius Casca, brother of Publius, and another of Caesar's assassins.
Servilii Vatiae
- Marcus Servilius Vatia, grandfather of the consul of 79 BC.
- Gaius Servilius M. f. Vatia, father of the consul of 79 BC.
- Publius Servilius C. f. M. n. Vatia, surnamed Isauricus, consul in 79 and censor in 55 BC, triumphed over the Isauri.
- Publius Servilius P. f. C. n. Vatia Isauricus, consul in 48 and 41 BC.
- Servilia P. f. P. n., betrothed to Octavianus until the formation of the second triumvirate in 43 BC.
Servilii Rulli
- Publius Servilius Rullus, tribunus plebis in 63 BC, proposed an agrarian law.
- Lucius Servilius Rullus, one of the generals of Octavianus in the Perusinian War.[27][28]
Others
- Gaius Servilius Tucca, consul in 284 BC.[2]
- Servilia, the wife of Quintus Lutatius Catulus, consul in 102 BC.[29]
- Gaius Servilius Glaucia, praetor in 100 BC, a supporter of Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, with whom he perished.
- Quintus Servilius, proconsul in 90 BC, was slain by the inhabitants of Asculum on the outbreak of the Social War.
- Publius Servilius, an eques, magister of one of the companies that farmed the taxes in Sicilia during the administration of Verres.[30]
- Publius Servilius Globulus, tribunus plebis in 67 BC.
- Gaius Servilius, a Roman citizen in Sicilia, publicly scourged by Verres.[31]
- Marcus Servilius, accused of repetundae in 51 BC.[32]
- Marcus Servilius, tribunus plebis in 44 BC, praised by Cicero as a vir fortissimus.[33]
- Marcus Servilius Nonianus, consul in AD 35, and one of the most celebrated orators and historians of his time.
- Servilius Damocrates, a physician at Rome during the 1st century.
- Servilius Barea Soranus, consul suffectus in AD 52, and afterwards proconsul of Asia; falsely accused of plotting revolution, and condemned to death.
- Servilia, daughter of Barea Soranus, accused and condemned with her father in AD 66.
- Quintus Servilius Pudens, consul in AD 166.[2][34]
- Marcus Servilius Silanus, consul in AD 188.[2]
- Quintus Servilius Silanus, consul in AD 189.[2]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Fasti Capitolini.
- ^ Gaius Plinius Secundus, Historia Naturalis, xxxiv. 13. s. 38.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, i. 30.
- ^ George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII (1897).
- ^ Joseph Hilarius Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum, v. p. 308 ff.
- ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, vi. 40.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iii. 6, 7.
- ^ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia, ix. 67, 68.
- ^ Paulus Orosius, Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII, ii. 12.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 22, 31, 36.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 31.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, ii. 49.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iv. 30.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, iv. 45, 46.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vii. 22, 38.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, vi. 38.
- ^ Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, xv. 78.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum, xii. 5, De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, ii. 16, In Verrem, i. 55.
- ^ Sextus Julius Frontinus, De Aquaeductu, 8.
- ^ Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History, ii. 10.
- ^ Appianus, Bellum Civile, ii. 14.
- ^ Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum, Caesar 21.
- ^ Plutarchus, Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, Caesar, 14, Pompeius, 47.
- ^ Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium libri IX, i. 8. § 11.
- ^ Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, xxv. 3.
- ^ Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus, Roman History, xlviii. 28.
- ^ Appianus, Bellum Civile, v. 58.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, In Verrem, ii. 8.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, In Verrem, iii. 71.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, In Verrem, v. 54.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, viii. 8 § 3, Epistulae ad Atticum, vi. 3 § 10.
- ^ Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, xii. 7, Philippicae, iv. 6.
- ^ Aelius Lampridius, Alexander Severus, Commodus, 11.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. {{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help)