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On June 3, 1908, Blasi won Italy's first national marathon championship in [[Rome]] in a time of 3:01:04.<ref name="IAAF-National Marathon Champions for Italy">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/NC_MaraITA.htm |title=National Marathon Champions for Italy |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=September 2, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref><ref name="Martin">{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=David E. |authorlink1= |last2=Gynn |first2=Roger W.H. |authorlink2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=The Olympic Marathon |trans_title= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Qb125O62NVQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=2000 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Human Kinetics Publishers |location= |language= |isbn=0880119691, 9780880119696 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=66, 70 |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter=1908-London: Pietra Steals the Show as Hayes Captures the Gold |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=Qb125O62NVQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q&f=false |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref> Given that the race also served as the nation's [[Olympic trial]] for [[1908 Summer Olympics|that year's Games]], he earned a spot on the [[Italy at the 1908 Summer Olympics|Italian Olympic team]] with [[Augusto Cocca]] and [[Dorando Pietri]].<ref name="Martin"/> The following month in [[London]], Blasi was one of 56 who lined-up to start the marathon on a warm and muggy afternoon.<ref name="Cook">{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Theodore Andrea |authorlink1=Theodore Andrea Cook |last2= |first2= |authorlink2= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=The Fourth Olympiad London 1908 Official Report |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1908/1908.pdf |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format=pdf |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=1909 |month=May |origyear= |publisher=British Olympic Association |location=London |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=74-75 |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref> He dropped out after 8 miles and did not finish. Blasi later won his second consecutive national championship with a 2:38:30 on a 40 kilometer course in [[Milan]] on September 19, 1909.<ref name="IAAF-National Marathon Champions for Italy"/> One week later on an official distance course in Voltri, Italy, his 2:48:44 mark lowered the Italian marathon record set three months earlier by Arturo deMaria.<ref name="IAAF-ITA Record Progressions- Road">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/RecProg/RP_ITAR.htm|title=ITA Record Progressions- Road |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors=Malcolm Heyworth, Andy Milroy |date=December 15, 2010 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> |
On June 3, 1908, Blasi won Italy's first national marathon championship in [[Rome]] in a time of 3:01:04.<ref name="IAAF-National Marathon Champions for Italy">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/NC_MaraITA.htm |title=National Marathon Champions for Italy |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=September 2, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref><ref name="Martin">{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=David E. |authorlink1= |last2=Gynn |first2=Roger W.H. |authorlink2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=The Olympic Marathon |trans_title= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Qb125O62NVQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=2000 |month= |origyear= |publisher=Human Kinetics Publishers |location= |language= |isbn=0880119691, 9780880119696 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=66, 70 |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter=1908-London: Pietra Steals the Show as Hayes Captures the Gold |chapterurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=Qb125O62NVQC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA63#v=onepage&q&f=false |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref> Given that the race also served as the nation's [[Olympic trial]] for [[1908 Summer Olympics|that year's Games]], he earned a spot on the [[Italy at the 1908 Summer Olympics|Italian Olympic team]] with [[Augusto Cocca]] and [[Dorando Pietri]].<ref name="Martin"/> The following month in [[London]], Blasi was one of 56 who lined-up to start the marathon on a warm and muggy afternoon.<ref name="Cook">{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Theodore Andrea |authorlink1=Theodore Andrea Cook |last2= |first2= |authorlink2= |coauthors= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=The Fourth Olympiad London 1908 Official Report |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1908/1908.pdf |archiveurl= |archivedate= |format=pdf |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=1909 |month=May |origyear= |publisher=British Olympic Association |location=London |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages=74-75 |at= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp=}}</ref> He dropped out after 8 miles and did not finish. Blasi later won his second consecutive national championship with a 2:38:30 on a 40 kilometer course in [[Milan]] on September 19, 1909.<ref name="IAAF-National Marathon Champions for Italy"/> One week later on an official distance course in Voltri, Italy, his 2:48:44 mark lowered the Italian marathon record set three months earlier by Arturo deMaria.<ref name="IAAF-ITA Record Progressions- Road">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/RecProg/RP_ITAR.htm|title=ITA Record Progressions- Road |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors=Malcolm Heyworth, Andy Milroy |date=December 15, 2010 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> |
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On April 2, 1910, Blasi was one of ten professional competitors in a marathon with 16,000 spectators at the [[Polo Grounds]] in [[New York City]].<ref name="Los Angeles Herald">{{cite news |title=Marathon Derby Is Won By Swede: Gustave Ljungstrom Distances Competitors, Lowering Record |url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-04-03/ed-1/seq-34.pdf |format=pdf |agency=AP |newspaper=Los Angeles Herald |publisher= |location=Los Angeles |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=April 3, 1910 |page=3 (Part III) |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> Dropping out after 18 miles, he was reportedly "carried to his dressing room".<ref name="Los Angeles Herald"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Swede First In Marathon Race: Ljungstrom Beats Classic Field Of Entries At New York |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VSlCAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gKoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5902%2C7101105 |format= |agency= |newspaper=The Telegraph-Herald |publisher= |location=Dubuque, Iowa |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=April 3, 1910 |page=1 |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> Supporters of Blasi and another Italian runner, Fortunio Zantis, forced an early end to another marathon in [[Warwick Neck, Rhode Island|Rocky Point, Rhode Island]] on July 10, 1910 by crowding the track and attempting to trip the leader, Patrick Dineen of Boston.<ref name="The Meridian Morning Record">{{cite news |title=Marathon Races Ended In A Row |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vmY1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=DhQLAAAAIBAJ&pg=4099%2C4333869 |format= |agency= |newspaper=The Meridian Morning Record |publisher= |location= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=July 11, 1910 |page=9 |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> Dinnen, who completed 21 laps, was declared the winner while Blasi finished in fifth.<ref name="The Meridian Morning Record"/> Three weeks later at the Rocky Point baseball grounds, 3,500 spectators witnessed Blasi compete with five other runners in a 20-mile race that was subsequently |
On April 2, 1910, Blasi was one of ten professional competitors in a marathon with 16,000 spectators at the [[Polo Grounds]] in [[New York City]].<ref name="Los Angeles Herald">{{cite news |title=Marathon Derby Is Won By Swede: Gustave Ljungstrom Distances Competitors, Lowering Record |url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042462/1910-04-03/ed-1/seq-34.pdf |format=pdf |agency=AP |newspaper=Los Angeles Herald |publisher= |location=Los Angeles |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=April 3, 1910 |page=3 (Part III) |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> Dropping out after 18 miles, he was reportedly "carried to his dressing room".<ref name="Los Angeles Herald"/><ref>{{cite news |title=Swede First In Marathon Race: Ljungstrom Beats Classic Field Of Entries At New York |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VSlCAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gKoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5902%2C7101105 |format= |agency= |newspaper=The Telegraph-Herald |publisher= |location=Dubuque, Iowa |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=April 3, 1910 |page=1 |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> Supporters of Blasi and another Italian runner, Fortunio Zantis, forced an early end to another marathon in [[Warwick Neck, Rhode Island|Rocky Point, Rhode Island]] on July 10, 1910 by crowding the track and attempting to trip the leader, Patrick Dineen of Boston.<ref name="The Meridian Morning Record">{{cite news |title=Marathon Races Ended In A Row |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vmY1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=DhQLAAAAIBAJ&pg=4099%2C4333869 |format= |agency= |newspaper=The Meridian Morning Record |publisher= |location= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=July 11, 1910 |page=9 |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> Dinnen, who completed 21 laps, was declared the winner while Blasi finished in fifth.<ref name="The Meridian Morning Record"/> Three weeks later at the Rocky Point baseball grounds, 3,500 spectators witnessed Blasi compete with five other runners in a 20-mile race that was subsequently believed to have been "considerably less than 18 miles".<ref name="The Day">{{cite news |title=Ted Crooks Won Near-Marathon: Rocky Point Race Proved Uninteresting - Two Runners Missing |url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u-8gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oHMFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4053%2C3020602 |format= |agency= |newspaper=The Day |publisher= |location=New London, Connecticut |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=August 1, 1910 |page=10 |pages= |at= |accessdate=September 26, 2011 |language= |trans_title= |quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |ref=}}</ref> He was reported to have led Zantis at the half-mile post by 45 yards and crossed the mile mark first in 4:36 before fading to a fourth place finish.<ref name="The Day"/> |
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Blasi eventually ran his marathon personal best with a 2:38:00.8 performance to capture his third and final national title in [[Legnano]], Italy on November 29, 1914.<ref name="IAAF-World Marathon Rankings for 1914">{{cite web |url=http://arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1914.htm |title=World Marathon Rankings for 1914 |first=Roger |last=Gynn |author=Roger Gynn |authorlink= |coauthors=Malcolm Heyworth, Andy Milroy, Mikko Nieminen, Aarand Roos |date=August 5, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> Although not recognized as a [[world best]] by the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]],<ref name="IAAF">{{cite web |title=12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009. |url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |publisher=IAAF Media & Public Relations Department |location=Monte Carlo |pages=546, 563, and 565 |format=PDF |year=2009 |accessdate=September 25, 2011}}</ref> the [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]] lists this mark in their progression of [[Marathon world record progression|world records in the marathon]]<ref name="IAAF-World Best Progressions- Road">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/RecProg/RP_wwR.htm |title=World Best Progressions- Road |first=Ian |last=Hill |author=Ian Hill |authorlink= |coauthors=Andy Millroy |date=September 2, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> as well as the world's fastest for 1914.<ref name="IAAF-World Marathon Rankings for 1914"/><ref name="IAAF-Yearly Rankings- Marathon">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/YR_Mara.htm |title=Yearly Rankings- Marathon |first=Michael |last= Rabinovich |author=Michael Rabinovich |authorlink= |coauthors=Malcolm Heyworth, Andy Milroy |date=August 5, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> |
Blasi eventually ran his marathon personal best with a 2:38:00.8 performance to capture his third and final national title in [[Legnano]], Italy on November 29, 1914.<ref name="IAAF-World Marathon Rankings for 1914">{{cite web |url=http://arrs.net/MaraRank/ATM_Mara1914.htm |title=World Marathon Rankings for 1914 |first=Roger |last=Gynn |author=Roger Gynn |authorlink= |coauthors=Malcolm Heyworth, Andy Milroy, Mikko Nieminen, Aarand Roos |date=August 5, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> Although not recognized as a [[world best]] by the [[International Association of Athletics Federations]],<ref name="IAAF">{{cite web |title=12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009. |url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |publisher=IAAF Media & Public Relations Department |location=Monte Carlo |pages=546, 563, and 565 |format=PDF |year=2009 |accessdate=September 25, 2011}}</ref> the [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]] lists this mark in their progression of [[Marathon world record progression|world records in the marathon]]<ref name="IAAF-World Best Progressions- Road">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/RecProg/RP_wwR.htm |title=World Best Progressions- Road |first=Ian |last=Hill |author=Ian Hill |authorlink= |coauthors=Andy Millroy |date=September 2, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> as well as the world's fastest for 1914.<ref name="IAAF-World Marathon Rankings for 1914"/><ref name="IAAF-Yearly Rankings- Marathon">{{cite web |url=http://www.arrs.net/YR_Mara.htm |title=Yearly Rankings- Marathon |first=Michael |last= Rabinovich |author=Michael Rabinovich |authorlink= |coauthors=Malcolm Heyworth, Andy Milroy |date=August 5, 2011 |month= |year= |work= |publisher=Association of Road Racing Statisticians |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |trans_title= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doibroken= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc = |embargo= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |deadurl= |accessdate=September 25, 2011 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript=}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 05:37, 27 September 2011
Umberto Blasi (October 12, 1886 - July 1, 1938)[1][nb 1] was an Italian long-distance runner who was a three-time national champion in the marathon and competed in the men's marathon at the 1908 Summer Olympics.
On June 3, 1908, Blasi won Italy's first national marathon championship in Rome in a time of 3:01:04.[3][4] Given that the race also served as the nation's Olympic trial for that year's Games, he earned a spot on the Italian Olympic team with Augusto Cocca and Dorando Pietri.[4] The following month in London, Blasi was one of 56 who lined-up to start the marathon on a warm and muggy afternoon.[5] He dropped out after 8 miles and did not finish. Blasi later won his second consecutive national championship with a 2:38:30 on a 40 kilometer course in Milan on September 19, 1909.[3] One week later on an official distance course in Voltri, Italy, his 2:48:44 mark lowered the Italian marathon record set three months earlier by Arturo deMaria.[6]
On April 2, 1910, Blasi was one of ten professional competitors in a marathon with 16,000 spectators at the Polo Grounds in New York City.[7] Dropping out after 18 miles, he was reportedly "carried to his dressing room".[7][8] Supporters of Blasi and another Italian runner, Fortunio Zantis, forced an early end to another marathon in Rocky Point, Rhode Island on July 10, 1910 by crowding the track and attempting to trip the leader, Patrick Dineen of Boston.[9] Dinnen, who completed 21 laps, was declared the winner while Blasi finished in fifth.[9] Three weeks later at the Rocky Point baseball grounds, 3,500 spectators witnessed Blasi compete with five other runners in a 20-mile race that was subsequently believed to have been "considerably less than 18 miles".[10] He was reported to have led Zantis at the half-mile post by 45 yards and crossed the mile mark first in 4:36 before fading to a fourth place finish.[10]
Blasi eventually ran his marathon personal best with a 2:38:00.8 performance to capture his third and final national title in Legnano, Italy on November 29, 1914.[11] Although not recognized as a world best by the International Association of Athletics Federations,[12] the Association of Road Racing Statisticians lists this mark in their progression of world records in the marathon[13] as well as the world's fastest for 1914.[11][14]
Blasi was born in Rome, Italy.[2]
External links
Notes
References
- ^ Mallon, Bill; Buchanan, Ian (2000). The 1908 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitors in All Events, with Commentary. McFarland & Co. p. 463. ISBN 0786405988, 9780786405985. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|month=,|trans_chapter=,|chapterurl=, and|lastauthoramp=(help) - ^ a b "Umberto Blasi". www.sports-reference.com. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|deadurl=,|doibroken=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|trans_title=,|month=, and|embargo=(help) - ^ a b "National Marathon Champions for Italy". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. September 2, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|deadurl=,|doibroken=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|trans_title=,|month=, and|embargo=(help) - ^ a b Martin, David E.; Gynn, Roger W.H. (2000). "1908-London: Pietra Steals the Show as Hayes Captures the Gold". The Olympic Marathon. Human Kinetics Publishers. pp. 66, 70. ISBN 0880119691, 9780880119696. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|trans_title=,|month=,|trans_chapter=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Cook, Theodore Andrea (1909). The Fourth Olympiad London 1908 Official Report (pdf). London: British Olympic Association. pp. 74–75. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|coauthors=,|separator=,|laysummary=,|trans_chapter=,|chapterurl=, and|lastauthoramp=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "ITA Record Progressions- Road". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. December 15, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|deadurl=,|doibroken=,|separator=,|trans_title=,|month=, and|embargo=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Marathon Derby Is Won By Swede: Gustave Ljungstrom Distances Competitors, Lowering Record" (pdf). Los Angeles Herald. Los Angeles. AP. April 3, 1910. p. 3 (Part III). Retrieved September 26, 2011.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|pmd=,|trans_title=, and|deadurl=(help) - ^ "Swede First In Marathon Race: Ljungstrom Beats Classic Field Of Entries At New York". The Telegraph-Herald. Dubuque, Iowa. April 3, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|pmd=,|trans_title=, and|deadurl=(help) - ^ a b "Marathon Races Ended In A Row". The Meridian Morning Record. July 11, 1910. p. 9. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|pmd=,|trans_title=, and|deadurl=(help) - ^ a b "Ted Crooks Won Near-Marathon: Rocky Point Race Proved Uninteresting - Two Runners Missing". The Day. New London, Connecticut. August 1, 1910. p. 10. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|pmd=,|trans_title=, and|deadurl=(help) - ^ a b Gynn, Roger (August 5, 2011). "World Marathon Rankings for 1914". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|deadurl=,|doibroken=,|separator=,|trans_title=,|month=, and|embargo=(help); More than one of|author=and|last=specified (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ "12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook. Berlin 2009" (PDF). Monte Carlo: IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. 2009. pp. 546, 563, and 565. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ Hill, Ian (September 2, 2011). "World Best Progressions- Road". Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
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