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| image_caption = Inflorescence of ''Boophone disticha''
| image_caption = Inflorescence of ''Boophone disticha''
| taxon = Boophone
| taxon = Boophone
| authority = [[William Herbert (botanist)|Herb.]]<ref>Appendix: 18 (1821).</ref>
| authority = [[William Herbert (botanist)|Herb.]]<ref>Appendix: 18 (1821).{{full}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision = See text
Line 12: Line 12:
}}
}}
[[File:Boophone disticha02.jpg|thumb|<center>''Boophone disticha'' flowerhead with caterpillars of the [[Noctuid]] moth ''Diaphone eumela'']]
[[File:Boophone disticha02.jpg|thumb|<center>''Boophone disticha'' flowerhead with caterpillars of the [[Noctuid]] moth ''Diaphone eumela'']]
'''''Boophone''''' is a [[genus]] of [[herbaceous]], [[perennial]] and [[bulbous plants]] in the Amaryllis family ([[Amaryllidaceae]], subfamily [[Amaryllidoideae]]<ref>{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |year=2001 onwards |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref>). It consists of two [[species]] distributed in Tropical and Southern [[Africa]]. It is closely related to ''[[Crossyne]]'', a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vigneron|first= P.|title=Boophone |url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Boophone/index.htm Boophone |format=|publisher=Amaryllidaceae organization|year=2000-2006 |accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref>
'''''Boophone''''' is a [[genus]] of [[herbaceous]], [[perennial]] and [[bulbous plants]] in the Amaryllis family ([[Amaryllidaceae]], subfamily [[Amaryllidoideae]].<ref>{{citation | last=Stevens | first=P.F. | year=2001 onwards | title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae | url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref>) It consists of two [[species]] distributed in tropical and southern [[Africa]]. It is closely related to ''[[Crossyne]]'', a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vigneron|first= P.|title=Boophone |url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Boophone/index.htm Boophone |format=|publisher=Amaryllidaceae organization|year=2000-2006 |accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref>


== Species ==
== Species ==
The list of ''Boophone'' species, with their complete [[scientific name]], authority, and geographic distribution is given below.<ref name="RBG">Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do World Checklist of Monocotyledons: ''Boophone '']. Accessed May 16, 2009.</ref>
The list of ''Boophone'' species, with their complete [[scientific name]], authority, and geographic distribution is given below.<ref name="RBG">Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do World Checklist of Monocotyledons: ''Boophone '']. Accessed May 16, 2009.</ref>


*''[[Boophone disticha]]'' ([[L.f.]]) [[Herb.]], Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825). Distributed from [[Sudan]] to [[South Africa]].
*''[[Boophone disticha]]'' ([[L.f.]]) <ref>[[Herb.]] Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825){{full}}</ref> Distributed from [[Sudan]] to [[South Africa]].
*''[[Boophone haemanthoides]]'' F.M.Leight., J. S. African Bot. 13: 59 (1947). Distributed from [[Namibia]] to the [[Western Cape Province]].
*''[[Boophone haemanthoides]]'' <ref>F.M.Leight., J. S. African Bot. 13: 59 (1947){{full}}</ref> Distributed from [[Namibia]] to the [[Western Cape Province]].

⚫
== Etymology ==
⚫
[[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]] wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001<ref>{{cite journal | author = R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman | year = 2001 | title = Proposal to conserve the name ''Boophone'' Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae) | journal = Taxon | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 569-572}}</ref> to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.<ref>Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.</ref>


== Associated insects ==
== Associated insects ==
Larvae of the moth genera ''[[Brithys]]'' and ''[[Diaphone (moth)|Diaphone]]'' use ''Boophone'' as a food plant.
Larvae of the moth genera ''[[Brithys]]'' and ''[[Diaphone (moth)|Diaphone]]'' use ''Boophone'' as a food plant.


==Traditional medicine ==
==Medicinal uses==


''Boophone disticha'' is used in South African traditional medicine by the Zulus to induce hallucinations for divinatory purposes, and also as a medicine to treat mental illness.<ref name="pmid18775771">{{cite journal
''Boophone disticha'' is used in South African [[traditional medicine]] by the Zulus to induce hallucinations for divinatory purposes, and also for various mental illnesses.<ref name="pmid18775771">{{cite journal
|author=Stafford GI, Pedersen ME, van Staden J, Jäger AK
|author=Stafford GI, Pedersen ME, van Staden J, Jäger AK
|title=Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases
|title=Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases
Line 35: Line 38:
|pmid=18775771
|pmid=18775771
|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.010
|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.010
}}</ref> Its use, however, is limited by injuries that result from the plant's toxicity.<ref>{{Cite journal | author = J.F. Sobiecki | title = A preliminary inventory of plants used for psychoactive purposes in southern African healing traditions | journal = Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa | volume = 57 | year = 2002 | pages = 1–24}}</ref>
}}</ref> The bulb extract has shown potential ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'' effect against depression,<ref name="pmid18809486">{{cite journal

|author=Pedersen ME, Szewczyk B, Stachowicz K, Wieronska J, Andersen J, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Pilc A, Jäger AK
==Chemistry==
|title=Effects of South African traditional medicine in animal models for depression.
⚫
A variety of [[alkaloid]]s with affinity for the [[serotonin transporter]] have been isolated from ''Boophone'' [[alkaloids]].<ref name="pmid15814274">{{cite journal
|journal=J Ethnopharmacol
|volume=119
|issue=3
|pages=542–8
|year=2008
|pmid=18809486
|doi=10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.030
⚫
}}</ref> possibly caused by a mixture of ''Boophone'' [[alkaloids]].<ref name="pmid15814274">{{cite journal
|author=Sandager M, Nielsen ND, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK
|author=Sandager M, Nielsen ND, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK
|title=Alkaloids from ''Boophane disticha'' with affinity to the serotonin transporter in rat brain.
|title=Alkaloids from ''Boophane disticha'' with affinity to the serotonin transporter in rat brain.
Line 66: Line 62:
|doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.173
|doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.173
}}</ref>
}}</ref>

⚫
== Etymology ==
⚫
[[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]] wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001<ref>R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman. 2001. Proposal to conserve the name ''Boophone'' Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae) Taxon, ISSN 0040-0262, Vol. 50, Nº 2, pags. 569-572.</ref> to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.<ref>Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Amaryllidaceae genera]]
[[Category:Amaryllidaceae genera]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]


[[de:Boophone]]
[[de:Boophone]]

Revision as of 12:10, 13 September 2012

Boophone
Inflorescence of Boophone disticha
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Subtribe: Boophoninae
Genus: Boophone
Herb.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms
Boophone disticha flowerhead with caterpillars of the Noctuid moth Diaphone eumela

Boophone is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[2]) It consists of two species distributed in tropical and southern Africa. It is closely related to Crossyne, a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.[3]

Species

The list of Boophone species, with their complete scientific name, authority, and geographic distribution is given below.[4]

Etymology

William Herbert wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001[7] to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.[8]

Associated insects

Larvae of the moth genera Brithys and Diaphone use Boophone as a food plant.

Traditional medicine

Boophone disticha is used in South African traditional medicine by the Zulus to induce hallucinations for divinatory purposes, and also for various mental illnesses.[9] Its use, however, is limited by injuries that result from the plant's toxicity.[10]

Chemistry

A variety of alkaloids with affinity for the serotonin transporter have been isolated from Boophone alkaloids.[11][12]

References

  1. ^ Appendix: 18 (1821).[full citation needed]
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae {{citation}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)
  3. ^ Vigneron, P. (2000–2006). Boophone "Boophone". Amaryllidaceae organization. Retrieved 2009-05-26. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: date format (link)
  4. ^ Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. World Checklist of Monocotyledons: Boophone . Accessed May 16, 2009.
  5. ^ Herb. Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825)[full citation needed]
  6. ^ F.M.Leight., J. S. African Bot. 13: 59 (1947)[full citation needed]
  7. ^ R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman (2001). "Proposal to conserve the name Boophone Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae)". Taxon. 50 (2): 569–572.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.
  9. ^ Stafford GI, Pedersen ME, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2008). "Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases". J Ethnopharmacol. 119 (3): 513–37. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.010. PMID 18775771.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ J.F. Sobiecki (2002). "A preliminary inventory of plants used for psychoactive purposes in southern African healing traditions". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 57: 1–24.
  11. ^ Sandager M, Nielsen ND, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2005). "Alkaloids from Boophane disticha with affinity to the serotonin transporter in rat brain". J Ethnopharmacol. 98 (3): 367–70. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.037. PMID 15814274.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Neergaard J, Andersen J, Pedersen ME, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2009). "Alkaloids from Boophone disticha with affinity to the serotonin transporter". S Afr J Botany. 72 (2): 371–4. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.173.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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