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'''Cynan Dindaethwy |
'''Cynan Dindaethwy''' ({{lang-en|Cynan of [[Dindaethwy]]}}) or '''Cynan ap Rhodri''' ({{lang-en|Cynan son of Rhodri}}) was a [[king of Gwynedd|king]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]] (reigned c. 798 – c. 816) in [[medieval Wales]]. Cynan's reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with a rival named [[Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog|Hywel]], usually supposed to be his brother. |
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His [[epithet]] refers to the [[commote]] of [[Dindaethwy]] in the [[cantref]] [[Rhosyr]]. Unlike later kings of Gwynedd, usually resident at [[Aberffraw]] in western [[Anglesey]], Cynan maintained his [[royal court|court]] at [[Llanfaes]] on the southeastern coast.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=232}}, ''A History of Wales, Vol I''</ref> |
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Cynan was the son of [[Rhodri Molwynog]] and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd upon the death of King [[Caradog ap Meirion]] in 798. |
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| ⚫ | There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year [[Deganwy]], the ancient |
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| ⚫ | Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as [[John Edward Lloyd|Lloyd]]'s ''History of Wales'',<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|pp=231}}, ''A History of Wales''</ref> although Lloyd does not cite its source. The [[Annals of Wales]] mention the pair only by name, without title, relation, or [[patronym]],<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=163 – 164}}, ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> while taking care to point out the brotherly squabble in [[kingdom of Powys|Powys]] between [[Elisedd ap Cyngen|Elisedd]] and [[Gruffydd ap Cyngen]] around the same time. The [[Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20|genealogy of Jesus College MS. 20]] denies they were brothers at all, instead making Hywel the son of [[Caradog ap Meirion]]<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=89}} — his pedigree is given as: ''Howel. M. Crada6c. M. meircha6n. M. Howel. M. Runya6n. M. Einya6n. M. Idwm. M. Cadwall. M. meic. M. Ewein. M. Cenlas. M. Ewein danwyn. M. Einya6n yrth. M. Cuneda Wledic.''</ref> and a distant cousin of Cynan Dindaethwy son of Rhodri Molwynog.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=87}} — his pedigree is given as: ''... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...'', and from there back to Cunedda.</ref> The [[Harleian genealogies]] agree with this.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Owen|1841|pp=xiv}}, ''Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel'', in the ''Preface'' of ''Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales'' — his pedigree is given as: '' ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ...'', and from there back through [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] to [[Cunedda]] and his ancestors.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on [[Anglesey]] between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year |
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| ⚫ | There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810, there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year [[Deganwy]], the ancient wooden court of [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]], was struck by lightning. |
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| ⚫ | A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on [[Anglesey]] between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year according to the [[Annals of Wales]]<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} — 816, the ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> and the [[Irish Annals]].<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Reeves|1857|pp=389}}, the ''Chronicon Hyense'' — year 816, "Conan mac Ruadhrach, rex Britonum, defunctus est"</ref> |
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| ⚫ | After Cynan's death, there was a [[battle of Llanfaes|battle]] at his former court at [[Llanfaes]] on Anglesey noted by the chronicles,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=164}} — 818, the ''Annales Cambriae''</ref> but the combatants are not identified.<ref group=note>Various historical works assume it was an invasion by the [[Mercia]]ns, by [[Egbert of Wessex|Ecgberht of Wessex]], or by the [[Vikings]], but there is no authority for those claims. As it took place at Cynan's court, it could as easily have been a struggle between Hywel and remnants of Cynan's supporters.</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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== Citations == |
== Citations == |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 02:25, 13 February 2013
Cynan Dindaethwy (English: Cynan of Dindaethwy) or Cynan ap Rhodri (English: Cynan son of Rhodri) was a king of Gwynedd (reigned c. 798 – c. 816) in medieval Wales. Cynan's reign was marked by a destructive dynastic power struggle with a rival named Hywel, usually supposed to be his brother.
His epithet refers to the commote of Dindaethwy in the cantref Rhosyr. Unlike later kings of Gwynedd, usually resident at Aberffraw in western Anglesey, Cynan maintained his court at Llanfaes on the southeastern coast.[1]
Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog and ascended to the throne of Gwynedd upon the death of King Caradog ap Meirion in 798.
Cynan and Hywel are said to be brothers in historical works such as Lloyd's History of Wales,[2] although Lloyd does not cite its source. The Annals of Wales mention the pair only by name, without title, relation, or patronym,[3] while taking care to point out the brotherly squabble in Powys between Elisedd and Gruffydd ap Cyngen around the same time. The genealogy of Jesus College MS. 20 denies they were brothers at all, instead making Hywel the son of Caradog ap Meirion[4] and a distant cousin of Cynan Dindaethwy son of Rhodri Molwynog.[5] The Harleian genealogies agree with this.[6]
There is no historical record of Cynan's early years as king, but his reign ended in a combination of natural disasters and military reverses. In 810, there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy, the ancient wooden court of Maelgwn Gwynedd, was struck by lightning.
A destructive war between Cynan and Hywel raged on Anglesey between 812 and 816, ultimately ending with Cynan's defeat and banishment. He would die in exile within a year according to the Annals of Wales[7] and the Irish Annals.[8]
After Cynan's death, there was a battle at his former court at Llanfaes on Anglesey noted by the chronicles,[9] but the combatants are not identified.[note 1]
See also
Notes
- ^ Various historical works assume it was an invasion by the Mercians, by Ecgberht of Wessex, or by the Vikings, but there is no authority for those claims. As it took place at Cynan's court, it could as easily have been a struggle between Hywel and remnants of Cynan's supporters.
Citations
- ^ Lloyd 1911:232, A History of Wales, Vol I
- ^ Lloyd 1911:231, A History of Wales
- ^ Phillimore 1888:163–164, Annales Cambriae
- ^ Phillimore 1887:89 — his pedigree is given as: Howel. M. Crada6c. M. meircha6n. M. Howel. M. Runya6n. M. Einya6n. M. Idwm. M. Cadwall. M. meic. M. Ewein. M. Cenlas. M. Ewein danwyn. M. Einya6n yrth. M. Cuneda Wledic.
- ^ Phillimore 1887:87 — his pedigree is given as: ... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ..., and from there back to Cunedda.
- ^ Owen 1841:xiv, Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel, in the Preface of Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales — his pedigree is given as: ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ..., and from there back through Maelgwn Gwynedd to Cunedda and his ancestors.
- ^ Phillimore 1888:164 — 816, the Annales Cambriae
- ^ Reeves 1857:389, the Chronicon Hyense — year 816, "Conan mac Ruadhrach, rex Britonum, defunctus est"
- ^ Phillimore 1888:164 — 818, the Annales Cambriae
References
- Davies, John (1990), A History of Wales (First ed.), London: Penguin Group (published 1993), ISBN 0-7139-9098-8
- Lloyd, John Edward (1911), A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, vol. I (2nd ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co (published 1912)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Owen, Aneurin, ed. (1841), Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales, vol. I
- Parry, Henry (translator), ed. (1829), "Brut y Saeson", Archaeologia Cambrensis, Third, vol. IX, London: J. Russell Smith (published 1863), p. 59 – 67
{{citation}}:|editor-first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887), "Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20", Y Cymmrodor, vol. VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 77–92
- Phillimore, Egerton (1888), "The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859", in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.), Y Cymmrodor, vol. IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Reeves, William, ed. (1857), "Additional Notes (Chronicon Hyense)", The Life of St. Columba, to which are added Copious Notes and Dissertations, Dublin: Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, pp. 369–413
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Skene, William Forbes, ed. (1867), Chronicles of the Picts, Chronicles of the Scots, and Other Early Memorials of Scottish History, Edinburgh: Edinburgh General Register House
