Gymnostoma sumatranum: Difference between revisions
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'''''Gymnostoma sumatranum''''' is a tree in the [[Casuarinaceae]] family, native to [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Malesia]] region.. |
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'''''Gymnostoma sumatranum''''' and the other members of this family are characterized by drooping '''equisetoid''' (meaning "to look like ''[[Equisetum]]''") twigs, are [[evergreen]], and monoecious or dioecious. The roots have nitrogen-fixing nodules. The foliage of this tropical [[angiosperm]] tree looks like that of [[gymnosperm]] pine trees which typically grow in temperate climates. [[Casuarina equisetifolia]] (the most well-known member of [[Casuarinaceae]]) is typified by its equisetoid appearance, whilst ''G. sumatranum'' is characterised more by its multiple rounded umbrella-shaped crowns. The stems are angular or tetrahedal in cross section (2). The stomata are not restricted to sunken grooves, (2). The female inflorescences are borne terminally (2). |
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==Distribution== |
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Areas where the tree is native include [[Burma]], [[Sumatra]], [[Borneo]], [[Java]], [[Kalimantan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Sulawesi]] (Indonesia), [[Western New Guinea]], and the [[Philippines]]. |
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| ⚫ | In Malaysia, ''G. sumatranum'' is known as Rhu Bukit |
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| ⚫ | In Malaysia, ''G. sumatranum'' is known as ''Rhu Bukit'' — with ''bukit'' in Malaysian meaning "hill". The other common [[Casuarinaceae|she-oak]] species in Malaysia is ''Casuarina equisetifolia'' known as Rhu laut - laut in Malaysian means "sea" and typically it grows along the seashore on sandy substrates. In Sarawak it is a protected species (5). ''G. sumatranum'' typically grows further inland. However when occurring in coastal regions, it provides good indication that the soil is dry and out of the littoral and inundation zone since ''G. sumatranum'' will not normally tolerate sandy or boggy soil. |
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==Description== |
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''Gymnostoma sumatranum'' is characterised more by its multiple rounded umbrella-shaped crowns, while [[Casuarina equisetifolia]] (the most well-known member of [[Casuarinaceae]]) is typified by its equisetoid appearance. The roots have nitrogen-fixing nodules. |
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The stems are angular or tetrahedal in cross section (2). Like the other members of the Casuarinaceae family, they are characterized by drooping '''equisetoid''' (meaning "to look like ''[[Equisetum]]''") twigs, are [[evergreen]], and monoecious or dioecious. |
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The foliage of this tropical [[angiosperm]] tree looks like that of [[gymnosperm]] pine trees which typically grow in temperate climates. The stomata are not restricted to sunken grooves (2). |
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The female inflorescences are borne terminally (2). |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Gymnostoma|sumatranum]] |
[[Category:Gymnostoma|sumatranum]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Indochina]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Malesia]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Burma]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Indonesia]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Malaysia]] |
[[Category:Trees of Malaysia]] |
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[[Category:Trees of |
[[Category:Trees of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Borneo]] |
[[Category:Flora of Borneo]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Java]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Kalimantan]] |
[[Category:Flora of Kalimantan]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Sulawesi]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Sumatra]] |
[[Category:Flora of Sumatra]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Western New Guinea]] |
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Revision as of 21:55, 13 May 2014
| Gymnostoma sumatranum | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Species: | G. sumatranum
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| Binomial name | |
| Gymnostoma sumatranum | |
Gymnostoma sumatranum is a tree in the Casuarinaceae family, native to Southeast Asia and the Malesia region..
Distribution
Areas where the tree is native include Burma, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Kalimantan, Malaysia, Sulawesi (Indonesia), Western New Guinea, and the Philippines.
In Malaysia, G. sumatranum is known as Rhu Bukit — with bukit in Malaysian meaning "hill". The other common she-oak species in Malaysia is Casuarina equisetifolia known as Rhu laut - laut in Malaysian means "sea" and typically it grows along the seashore on sandy substrates. In Sarawak it is a protected species (5). G. sumatranum typically grows further inland. However when occurring in coastal regions, it provides good indication that the soil is dry and out of the littoral and inundation zone since G. sumatranum will not normally tolerate sandy or boggy soil.
Description
Gymnostoma sumatranum is characterised more by its multiple rounded umbrella-shaped crowns, while Casuarina equisetifolia (the most well-known member of Casuarinaceae) is typified by its equisetoid appearance. The roots have nitrogen-fixing nodules.
The stems are angular or tetrahedal in cross section (2). Like the other members of the Casuarinaceae family, they are characterized by drooping equisetoid (meaning "to look like Equisetum") twigs, are evergreen, and monoecious or dioecious.
The foliage of this tropical angiosperm tree looks like that of gymnosperm pine trees which typically grow in temperate climates. The stomata are not restricted to sunken grooves (2).
The female inflorescences are borne terminally (2).
References
- Dilcher, D. L. et al.. (1990) Evolution of the Casuarinaceae: morphological comparisons of some extant species. American journal of Botany. 77(3): 338-355. 1990.
- P. S. Green, Klaus Kubitzki, E. Götz, K. U. Kramer. (1990) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Published by springer. 404 pages
- Jane N. Prider and David C. Christophel Distributional ecology of Gymnostoma australianum (Casuarinaceae), a putative palaeoendemic of Australian wet tropic forests. Australian Journal of Botany 48(4) 427 - 434
- Barlow, B.A., (1983). Casuarina Ecology,. Management and Utilization. edited by S.J.Midgely. pp. 10–18
- Sarawak Forestry ordinance 1998