Dendrobatinae: Difference between revisions
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Dendrobatinae are generally small frogs; ''[[Andinobates minutus]]'' is as small as {{convert|13|-|16|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. Many species are brightly colored and all are toxic. Alkaloids in ''[[Phyllobates]]'' are particularly potent.<ref name=VittCaldwell>{{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J.|last1= Vitt|first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell|publisher=Academic Press|year=2014|page=489–490}}</ref><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> |
Dendrobatinae are generally small frogs; ''[[Andinobates minutus]]'' is as small as {{convert|13|-|16|mm|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length. Many species are brightly colored and all are toxic. Alkaloids in ''[[Phyllobates]]'' are particularly potent.<ref name=VittCaldwell>{{cite book|title=Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles |edition=4th |first1=Laurie J.|last1= Vitt|first2=Janalee P. |last2=Caldwell|publisher=Academic Press|year=2014|page=489–490}}</ref><ref name=AmphibiaWeb/> |
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All species are presumed to show [[Parental investment|parental care]], often by the male. However, some species show biparental care (''[[Ranitomeya]]''), whereas in ''[[Oophaga]]'' only females care for the [[tadpole]]s, feeding them with eggs, their only source of nutrition.<ref name=VittCaldwell/> The males are responsible for protecting the eggs from predation and keeping the eggs moist by urinating on them.<ref> Brust, D. G. (1993). [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1564914?seq=2 "Maternal Brood Care by Dendrobates pumilio: A Frog that Feeds its Young"], |
All species are presumed to show [[Parental investment|parental care]], often by the male. However, some species show biparental care (''[[Ranitomeya]]''), whereas in ''[[Oophaga]]'' only females care for the [[tadpole]]s, feeding them with eggs, their only source of nutrition.<ref name=VittCaldwell/> The males are responsible for protecting the eggs from predation and keeping the eggs moist by urinating on them.<ref> Brust, D. G. (1993). [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1564914?seq=2 "Maternal Brood Care by Dendrobates pumilio: A Frog that Feeds its Young"], ''Journal of Herpetology''. Vol. 27, No. 1. pp. 96-98.</ref> |
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==Genera== |
==Genera== |
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Revision as of 15:33, 30 September 2014
| Dendrobatinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Dyeing dart frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Dendrobatidae |
| Subfamily: | Dendrobatinae Cope, 1865 |
| Genera | |
|
Adelphobates | |
Dendrobatinae is the main subfamily of frogs in the Dendrobatidae family, the poison dart frogs from Central and South America, from Nicaragua to the Amazon Basin in Brazil.[1]
Description
Dendrobatinae are generally small frogs; Andinobates minutus is as small as 13–16 mm (0.51–0.63 in) in snout–vent length. Many species are brightly colored and all are toxic. Alkaloids in Phyllobates are particularly potent.[2][3]
All species are presumed to show parental care, often by the male. However, some species show biparental care (Ranitomeya), whereas in Oophaga only females care for the tadpoles, feeding them with eggs, their only source of nutrition.[2] The males are responsible for protecting the eggs from predation and keeping the eggs moist by urinating on them.[4]
Genera
There are eight[1][2] or seven[3] genera in this subfamily:
- Adelphobates Grant, Frost, Caldwell, Gagliardo, Haddad, Kok, Means, Noonan, Schargel, and Wheeler, 2006
- Andinobates Twomey, Brown, Amézquita, and Mejía-Vargas, 2011
- Dendrobates Wagler, 1830
- Excidobates Twomey and Brown, 2008
- Minyobates Myers, 1987
- Oophaga Bauer, 1994
- Phyllobates Duméril and Bibron, 1841
- Ranitomeya Bauer, 1986
The most specious genera are Ranitomeya (16 species) and Andinobates (13 species).[1] Dendrobates used to be much larger but now contains only five species, having "lost" may species to genera erected later.[5]
References
- ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Dendrobatinae Cope, 1865". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
- ^ a b c Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 489–490.
- ^ a b "Dendrobatidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014. AmphibiaWeb is not placing Andinobates in any subfamily.
- ^ Brust, D. G. (1993). "Maternal Brood Care by Dendrobates pumilio: A Frog that Feeds its Young", Journal of Herpetology. Vol. 27, No. 1. pp. 96-98.
- ^ Grant, T., Frost, D. R., Caldwell, J. P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C. F. B., Kok, P. J. R., Means, D. B., Noonan, B. P., Schargel, W. E., and Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 299: 1–262. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)299[1:PSODFA]2.0.CO;2.
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