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'''''Boophone''''' is a [[genus]] of [[herbaceous]], [[perennial]] and [[bulb|bulbous plants]] in the Amaryllis family ([[Amaryllidaceae]], subfamily [[Amaryllidoideae]].<ref>{{Cite web | last=Stevens | first=P.F. | title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae | url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma | postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}</ref>) It consists of two [[species]] distributed in tropical and southern [[Africa]]. It is closely related to ''[[Crossyne]]'', a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vigneron|first= P.|title=Boophone |url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Boophone/index.htm Boophone |format=|publisher=Amaryllidaceae organization|year=2000–2006 |accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref>
'''''Boophone''''' is a [[genus]] of [[herbaceous]], [[perennial]] and [[bulb|bulbous plants]] in the Amaryllis family ([[Amaryllidaceae]], subfamily [[Amaryllidoideae]].<ref>{{Cite web | last=Stevens | first=P.F. | title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae | url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma | postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }}</ref>) It consists of two [[species]] distributed in tropical and southern [[Africa]]. It is closely related to ''[[Crossyne]]'', a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.<ref>{{cite web |last=Vigneron|first= P.|title=Boophone |url=http://www.amaryllidaceae.org/Boophone/index.htm Boophone |format=|publisher=Amaryllidaceae organization|year=2000–2006 |accessdate=2009-05-26}}</ref>


== Species ==
== Taxonomy ==

The list of ''Boophone'' species, with their complete [[scientific name]], authority, and geographic distribution is given below.<ref name="RBG">Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do World Checklist of Monocotyledons: ''Boophone '']. Accessed May 16, 2009.</ref>
The single genus in [[subtribe]] Boophoninae, in the [[Amaryllideae]] tribe. The list of ''Boophone'' species, with their complete [[scientific name]], authority, and geographic distribution is given below.<ref name="RBG">Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. [http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do World Checklist of Monocotyledons: ''Boophone '']. Accessed May 16, 2009.</ref>


*''[[Boophone disticha]]'' ([[L.f.]]) <ref>[[Herb.]] Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825){{full|date=November 2012}}</ref> Distributed from [[Sudan]] to [[South Africa]].
*''[[Boophone disticha]]'' ([[L.f.]]) <ref>[[Herb.]] Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825){{full|date=November 2012}}</ref> Distributed from [[Sudan]] to [[South Africa]].
*''[[Boophone haemanthoides]]'' Leight. <ref>Leighton, Frances Margaret. Journal of South African Botany 13: 59. 1947. {{full|date=November 2012}}</ref> Distributed from [[Namibia]] to the [[Western Cape Province]].
*''[[Boophone haemanthoides]]'' Leight. <ref>Leighton, Frances Margaret. Journal of South African Botany 13: 59. 1947. {{full|date=November 2012}}</ref> Distributed from [[Namibia]] to the [[Western Cape Province]].


== Etymology ==
=== Etymology ===
[[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]] wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001<ref>{{cite journal | author = R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman | year = 2001 | title = Proposal to conserve the name ''Boophone'' Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae) | journal = Taxon | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 569–572 | doi = 10.2307/1223904}}</ref> to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.<ref>Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.</ref>
[[William Herbert (botanist)|William Herbert]] wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001<ref>{{cite journal | author = R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman | year = 2001 | title = Proposal to conserve the name ''Boophone'' Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae) | journal = Taxon | volume = 50 | issue = 2 | pages = 569–572 | doi = 10.2307/1223904}}</ref> to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.<ref>Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.</ref>


Revision as of 19:38, 10 February 2016

Boophone
Inflorescence of Boophone disticha
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Subtribe: Boophoninae
Genus: Boophone
Herb.[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms
Boophone disticha flowerhead with caterpillars of the Noctuid moth Diaphone eumela

Boophone is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[2]) It consists of two species distributed in tropical and southern Africa. It is closely related to Crossyne, a genus whose species have prostrate leaves.[3]

Taxonomy

The single genus in subtribe Boophoninae, in the Amaryllideae tribe. The list of Boophone species, with their complete scientific name, authority, and geographic distribution is given below.[4]

Etymology

William Herbert wrote the name of this genus with three different orthographies: "Boophane" in 1821; "Buphane" and Buphone" in 1825, and he conserved "Boophone" in 1837. Several authors since then speculated about the etymology and associated orthography of each name, but a proposal was published in 2001[7] to conserve the first name and to take the later ones as synonyms. This proposal was accepted in 2002.[8]

Associated insects

Larvae of the moth genera Brithys and Diaphone use Boophone as a food plant.

Traditional medicine

Boophone disticha is used in South African traditional medicine by the Zulus to induce hallucinations for divinatory purposes, and also for various mental illnesses.[9] Its use, however, is limited by injuries that result from the plant's toxicity.[10]

Chemistry

A variety of alkaloids with affinity for the serotonin transporter have been isolated from Boophone alkaloids.[11][12]

References

  1. ^ Appendix: 18 (1821).[full citation needed]
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae"Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  3. ^ Vigneron, P. (2000–2006). Boophone "Boophone". Amaryllidaceae organization. Retrieved 2009-05-26. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  4. ^ Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. World Checklist of Monocotyledons: Boophone . Accessed May 16, 2009.
  5. ^ Herb. Bot. Mag. 52: t. 2578 (1825)[full citation needed]
  6. ^ Leighton, Frances Margaret. Journal of South African Botany 13: 59. 1947. [full citation needed]
  7. ^ R. H. Archer, R. K. Brummitt, D. A. Snijman (2001). "Proposal to conserve the name Boophone Herbert with that spelling (Amaryllidaceae)". Taxon. 50 (2): 569–572. doi:10.2307/1223904.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Richard K. Brummitt. 2002. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 53. Taxon, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Nov., 2002), pp. 795-799.
  9. ^ Stafford GI, Pedersen ME, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2008). "Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases". J Ethnopharmacol. 119 (3): 513–37. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.08.010. PMID 18775771.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ J.F. Sobiecki (2002). "A preliminary inventory of plants used for psychoactive purposes in southern African healing traditions". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 57: 1–24. doi:10.1080/00359190209520523.
  11. ^ Sandager M, Nielsen ND, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2005). "Alkaloids from Boophane disticha with affinity to the serotonin transporter in rat brain". J Ethnopharmacol. 98 (3): 367–70. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.037. PMID 15814274.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Neergaard J, Andersen J, Pedersen ME, Stafford GI, van Staden J, Jäger AK (2009). "Alkaloids from Boophone disticha with affinity to the serotonin transporter". S Afr J Botany. 72 (2): 371–4. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2009.02.173.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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