Erythranthe guttata: Difference between revisions
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Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a [[raceme]], most often with five or more flowers. |
Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a [[raceme]], most often with five or more flowers. |
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The [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]] has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobes; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.<ref name=" |
The [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]] has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobes; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.<ref name="WTU Herbarium2015">{{cite web | url= http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?SciName=Erythranthe%20guttata | last= Giblin | first= David (Editor) | date= 2015 | title= ''Erythranthe guttata'' | website= WTU Herbarium Image Collection | publisher= Burke Museum, University of Washington | accessdate= 2015-03-31}}</ref><ref name="Klinkenberg2014">{{cite web | url= http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Mimulus%20guttatus | last= Klinkenberg | first= Brian (Editor) | date= 2014 | title= ''Mimulus guttatus'' | website= E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. | publisher= Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver | accessdate= 2015-03-31}}</ref><ref name="Jepson">{{cite web | url= http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=Mimulus%20guttatus | date= 2015 | title= ''Mimulus guttatus'' | website= Jepson eFlora: Taxon page | publisher= Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley | accessdate= 2015-03-31}}</ref><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web | title = Mimulus guttatus DC. | work = GRIN Taxonomy for Plants | publisher = Germplasm Resources Information Network | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?24442 | accessdate = 2010-11-21 }}</ref><ref name="Pojar">{{cite book | last = Pojar | first = Jim |author2=Andy MacKinnon | title = Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska | publisher = Lone Pine Publishing | page = 264 | date = 2004 | isbn = 978-1-55105-530-5}}</ref><ref name="Turner">{{cite book | last = Turner | first = Mark |author2=Phyllis Gustafson | title = Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest | publisher = Timber Press | page = 244 | date = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-88192-745-0}}</ref> |
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===Taxonomy=== |
===Taxonomy=== |
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''Erythranthe guttata'' has been a model organism for studies of evolution and ecology. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth. |
''Erythranthe guttata'' has been a model organism for studies of evolution and ecology. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.<ref name="genome">{{cite web|title=Welcome to mimulusevolution.org|url=http://www.mimulusevolution.org/|publisher=Mimulus Evolution|accessdate=03 March 2017}}</ref> |
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==Cultivation== |
==Cultivation== |
Revision as of 12:48, 3 March 2017
Erythranthe guttata | |
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Scientific classification | |
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Species: | E. guttata
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Binomial name | |
Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L.Nesom
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Erythranthe guttata, with the common names seep monkeyflower and common yellow monkeyflower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial plant. It was formerly known as Mimulus guttatus.[1][2][3][4][5]
Distribution
It is a herbaceous wildflower that grows along the banks of streams and seeps in western North America.[6][7] Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species' range.
It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean, the chaparral of California, Western U.S. deserts, the geysers of Yellowstone National Park, alpine meadows, serpentine barrens, and even on the toxic tailings of copper mines.
It is sometimes aquatic, its herbage floating in small bodies of water.
Description
A highly variable plant, taking many forms, Erythranthe guttata is a species complex in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions.[8]
Erythranthe guttata is 10 to 80 cm tall with disproportionately large, 20 to 40 mm long, tubular flowers. The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs.
Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a raceme, most often with five or more flowers.
The calyx has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobes; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.[2][9][10][11][12][13]
Taxonomy
Erythranthe guttata has been a model organism for studies of evolution and ecology. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.[14]
Cultivation
Erythranthe guttata is cultivated in the specialty horticulture trade and available as an ornamental plant for: traditional gardens; natural landscape, native plant, and habitat gardens.
References
- ^ a b "A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations" (PDF), Phytoneuron, 2012–39: 1–60, 2012
{{citation}}
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(help) - ^ a b Giblin, David (Editor) (2015). "Erythranthe guttata". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
has generic name (help) - ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. JSTOR 3448862.
- ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195.
- ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. JSTOR 4123743.
- ^ Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Mimulus guttatus". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- ^ "Mimulus guttatus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- ^ Fishman, Lila; Kelly, Alan J.; Morgan, Emily; Willis, John H. (2001). "A Genetic Map in the Mimulus guttatus Species Complex Reveals Transmission Ratio Distortion due to Heterospecific Interactions" (PDF). Genetics Society of America: 1701–1716.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Klinkenberg, Brian (Editor) (2014). "Mimulus guttatus". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Mimulus guttatus". Jepson eFlora: Taxon page. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
- ^ "Mimulus guttatus DC". GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. Germplasm Resources Information Network. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
- ^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (2004). Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5.
- ^ Turner, Mark; Phyllis Gustafson (2006). Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-88192-745-0.
- ^ "Welcome to mimulusevolution.org". Mimulus Evolution. Retrieved 03 March 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help)
External links
- Media related to Erythranthe guttata at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Erythranthe guttata at Wikispecies
- Calflora: Mimulus guttatus (Seep Monkey Flower, Yellow Monkey Flower, common yellow monkeyflower)
- USDA Plants Profile for Mimulus guttatus (seep monkeyflower)
- Jepson eFlora (TJM2): Mimulus guttatus
- University of Michigan - Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany:
- Mimulus Genome Browser - for genetics researchers
- Mimulus guttatus — UC Photos gallery
- Erythranthe
- Flora of the Northwestern United States
- Flora of the Southwestern United States
- Flora of Western Canada
- Flora of the West Coast of the United States
- Flora of British Columbia
- Flora of California
- Flora of the California desert regions
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
- Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
- Plants and pollinators
- Plant models
- Garden plants of North America
- Freshwater plants