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'''Alexander Hare''' (1775–1834) was an English merchant, infamous for establishing a [[harem]] and following the local custom of trading slaves in his personal state of [[Maluka]], southeast Borneo.<ref>''De man die vrouwen verzamelde; Een koloniale geschiedenis van de Kokos-eilanden'' by Joop van den Berg (‘s-Gravenhage 1998)</ref><ref>[http://www.worldofcoins.eu/forum/index.php?topic=2460.15 Maluka? on World Coins forum]</ref> |
'''Alexander Hare''' (1775–1834) was an English merchant, infamous for establishing a [[harem]] and following the local custom of trading slaves in his personal state of [[Maluka]], southeast Borneo.<ref>''De man die vrouwen verzamelde; Een koloniale geschiedenis van de Kokos-eilanden'' by Joop van den Berg (‘s-Gravenhage 1998)</ref><ref>[http://www.worldofcoins.eu/forum/index.php?topic=2460.15 Maluka? on World Coins forum]</ref> |
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The son of a London watchmaker of the same name and his wife Janet,<ref>[https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J3M2-KGD Familysearch]</ref> Alexander joined a trading company in [[Portugal]] around 1800, moved to [[Calcutta]], and settled as a merchant in [[Malacca]] in 1807. Here he met [[Stamford Raffles]], who appointed him Resident of [[Banjarmasin]] and Commissioner of the Island of [[Borneo]] when Dutch control briefly passed to Britain (1811–16). He acquired 1,400 square miles of land from the Sultan of Banjarmassen and established it as an independent state, Maluka, which issued its own coinage.<ref>[http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/68463/coin-doit-maluka-indonesia-1813 Duit coin from 1813]</ref><ref>[http://blog.londoh.com/?itemid=1334 Alexander Hare and Maluka (Dutch numismatic blog)]</ref> An inquiry carried out by William Boggie, the British Resident in [[Samarang]] in 1837, uncovered how he had operated what became known as "the Banjermassen ([[sic]]) Outrage".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=caHQiqLUknAC&dq=molukko&pg=PA16 English appendix to 1860 article in Dutch]</ref> He had to leave when the Dutch returned and he took his harem, and others, first to [[Jakarta|Batavia]] until declared undesirable in 1819, and then to South Africa until forced to leave in 1826, whence he went to settle the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Far East and Australasia 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5Az1lGCJwQC&pg=PA145&dq=%22alexander+hare%22+cocos&hl=en&ei=5c1eTa6xCIW6cZLL_JIK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22alexander%20hare%22%20cocos&f=false|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-85743-133-2|page=145}}</ref> Conflict with a disapproving [[John Clunies-Ross]] led to him leaving the Cocos Islands in 1831, some say for [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/dynasties/txt/s1229016.htm|title=John Clunies Ross (1786-1854)|date=16 November 2004|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|accessdate=18 February 2011}}</ref> others say Batavia, but Hare died in [[Bengkulu (city)|Bencoolen]] (modern day Bengkulu on the southwest coast of Sumatra) on 2 November 1834.<ref>Morning Post (London) 20/3/1835</ref> |
The son of a London watchmaker of the same name and his wife Janet,<ref>[https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/J3M2-KGD Familysearch]</ref> Alexander joined a trading company in [[Portugal]] around 1800, moved to [[Calcutta]], and settled as a merchant in [[Malacca]] in 1807. Here he met [[Stamford Raffles]], who appointed him Resident of [[Banjarmasin]] and Commissioner of the Island of [[Borneo]] when Dutch control briefly passed to Britain (1811–16). He acquired 1,400 square miles of land from the Sultan of Banjarmassen and established it as an independent state, [[Maluka]], which issued its own coinage.<ref>[http://museumvictoria.com.au/collections/items/68463/coin-doit-maluka-indonesia-1813 Duit coin from 1813]</ref><ref>[http://blog.londoh.com/?itemid=1334 Alexander Hare and Maluka (Dutch numismatic blog)]</ref> An inquiry carried out by William Boggie, the British Resident in [[Samarang]] in 1837, uncovered how he had operated what became known as "the Banjermassen ([[sic]]) Outrage".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=caHQiqLUknAC&dq=molukko&pg=PA16 English appendix to 1860 article in Dutch]</ref> He had to leave when the Dutch returned and he took his harem, and others, first to [[Jakarta|Batavia]] until declared undesirable in 1819, and then to South Africa until forced to leave in 1826, whence he went to settle the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Far East and Australasia 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5Az1lGCJwQC&pg=PA145&dq=%22alexander+hare%22+cocos&hl=en&ei=5c1eTa6xCIW6cZLL_JIK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22alexander%20hare%22%20cocos&f=false|year=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-85743-133-2|page=145}}</ref> Conflict with a disapproving [[John Clunies-Ross]] led to him leaving the Cocos Islands in 1831, some say for [[Singapore]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/dynasties/txt/s1229016.htm|title=John Clunies Ross (1786-1854)|date=16 November 2004|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|accessdate=18 February 2011}}</ref> others say Batavia, but Hare died in [[Bengkulu (city)|Bencoolen]] (modern day Bengkulu on the southwest coast of Sumatra) on 2 November 1834.<ref>Morning Post (London) 20/3/1835</ref> |
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Alexander had three brothers: David (b.1777), became a jeweller in Batavia, while John (b.1782) and Joseph (b.1784) <ref>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/records/index#count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3Ahare~%20%2Bfather_givenname%3Aalexander~%20%2Bfather_surname%3Ahare~%20%2Bmother_givenname%3Ajanet~ Familysearch]</ref> were traders in colonial goods in [[London]]. The English censuses of 1851 and 1861 show Fatimah, Joseph's niece born in the East Indies, living in his London house: as she appears to have been born in 1837 she was presumably David's daughter.<ref>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/records/index#count=20&query=%2Bgivenname%3Afatima~%20%2Bsurname%3Ahare~ Census via Familysearch]</ref> She married James Graham at St Peter's, Pimlico 22 May 1862 and died at London 1874. |
Alexander had three brothers: David (b.1777), became a jeweller in Batavia, while John (b.1782) and Joseph (b.1784) <ref>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/records/index#count=20&query=%2Bsurname%3Ahare~%20%2Bfather_givenname%3Aalexander~%20%2Bfather_surname%3Ahare~%20%2Bmother_givenname%3Ajanet~ Familysearch]</ref> were traders in colonial goods in [[London]]. The English censuses of 1851 and 1861 show Fatimah, Joseph's niece born in the East Indies, living in his London house: as she appears to have been born in 1837 she was presumably David's daughter.<ref>[https://www.familysearch.org/search/records/index#count=20&query=%2Bgivenname%3Afatima~%20%2Bsurname%3Ahare~ Census via Familysearch]</ref> She married James Graham at St Peter's, Pimlico 22 May 1862 and died at London 1874. |
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Revision as of 21:02, 4 December 2018
Alexander Hare (1775–1834) was an English merchant, infamous for establishing a harem and following the local custom of trading slaves in his personal state of Maluka, southeast Borneo.[1][2]
The son of a London watchmaker of the same name and his wife Janet,[3] Alexander joined a trading company in Portugal around 1800, moved to Calcutta, and settled as a merchant in Malacca in 1807. Here he met Stamford Raffles, who appointed him Resident of Banjarmasin and Commissioner of the Island of Borneo when Dutch control briefly passed to Britain (1811–16). He acquired 1,400 square miles of land from the Sultan of Banjarmassen and established it as an independent state, Maluka, which issued its own coinage.[4][5] An inquiry carried out by William Boggie, the British Resident in Samarang in 1837, uncovered how he had operated what became known as "the Banjermassen (sic) Outrage".[6] He had to leave when the Dutch returned and he took his harem, and others, first to Batavia until declared undesirable in 1819, and then to South Africa until forced to leave in 1826, whence he went to settle the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.[7] Conflict with a disapproving John Clunies-Ross led to him leaving the Cocos Islands in 1831, some say for Singapore,[8] others say Batavia, but Hare died in Bencoolen (modern day Bengkulu on the southwest coast of Sumatra) on 2 November 1834.[9]
Alexander had three brothers: David (b.1777), became a jeweller in Batavia, while John (b.1782) and Joseph (b.1784) [10] were traders in colonial goods in London. The English censuses of 1851 and 1861 show Fatimah, Joseph's niece born in the East Indies, living in his London house: as she appears to have been born in 1837 she was presumably David's daughter.[11] She married James Graham at St Peter's, Pimlico 22 May 1862 and died at London 1874.
Hare's story features in the novel The Daughter of the Pangaran by David Divine, published in 1963.[12]
References
- ^ De man die vrouwen verzamelde; Een koloniale geschiedenis van de Kokos-eilanden by Joop van den Berg (‘s-Gravenhage 1998)
- ^ Maluka? on World Coins forum
- ^ Familysearch
- ^ Duit coin from 1813
- ^ Alexander Hare and Maluka (Dutch numismatic blog)
- ^ English appendix to 1860 article in Dutch
- ^ Far East and Australasia 2003. Routledge. 2002. p. 145. ISBN 1-85743-133-2.
- ^ "John Clunies Ross (1786-1854)". ABC News. 16 November 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
- ^ Morning Post (London) 20/3/1835
- ^ Familysearch
- ^ Census via Familysearch
- ^ Divine, David (1963). The Daughter of the Pangaran. Little Brown & Company.
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