Chalford
Template:GBthumb Chalford is a small village in the Frome Valley of the Cotswolds in England. It is about 8 km upstream (4 miles east) of Stroud. It gives its name to Chalford parish, which covers the villages of Chalford, Chalford Hill, France Lynch, Bussage and Brownshill, spread over w2 square miles (5.2 km2) of the Cotswold countryside. At this point the valley is also called the Golden Valley.
History
The remains, and known sites, of many barrows indicate that the plateau area of Chalford Hill, France Lynch and Bussage has been an area of continuous settlement for probably at least 5,000 years. Stone Age flints have been found in the area as well as the remains of a Roman Villa. Several of the place names in the area are also Saxon or Danish in origin.
The name Chalford may be derived from Calf (Way) Ford, or possibly from the Saxon cealj or Chalk and the Norman Ford: both possibilities have the same meaning. There were two ancient crossings at Chalford apart from the ford from which the village was named: Stoneford, recorded from the later 12th century, was the crossing-point of a track up Cowcombe hill on the line of the later Cirencester turnpike and by 1413 another track crossed into Minchinhampton by Stephen's bridge at Valley Corner. [1]
Chalford Hill is a recent title for the western end of the hill: Its original name was Chalford Lynch. "Lynch" (lynchet in modern English)[2] means a cultivated terrace following the contours of a hill.
The settling of displaced Flemish Huguenot weavers in the 17th and 18th centuries brought quality silk and woollen cloth manufacturing to the valley. It is thought that they gave their name to the neighbouring village of France Lynch. At this point the Golden Valley is narrow and deep so many weavers' cottages were built clinging to the sides of the hills, giving the village an Alpine air. It is sometimes still referred to as the 'Alpine village'. [3] As the paths on the hillsides were too narrow for more conventional forms of transport donkeys were used to carry groceries and others goods to houses, this tradition continuing until as recently as the nineteen-fifties. Chalford expanded rapidly with the construction of the Thames & Severn Canal in 1789 and the village became one of the centres for the manufacture of broadcloth. Its wealthy clothiers lived close to their mills and built many fine houses which survive to this day.
Architecture
In common with other towns and villages in the area buildings are generally constructed of Cotswold stone, with local fields enclosed by dry stone walling. The area is one of outstanding natural beauty and the village itself is a designated conservation area.
Chalford is noted for two fine Arts and Crafts movement churches. Christ Church (Church of England) contains work by Norman Jewson, William Simmonds, Peter Waals, Edward Barnsley, Norman Bucknell, amongst other distinguished artists and craftsmen working in the Cotswold tradition. The Church of Our Lady of the Angels (Roman Catholic), Brownshill, by W. D. Caroe (1930), contains outstanding stained glass by Douglas Strachan.
One of the most distinctive, and most photographed, features of the village is the Round House. It was built by the Thames and Severn Canal Company as a lengthman's cottage and is one of five along the Thames and Severn Canal. [4] Apart from a relatively short break in the nineteen fifties when it was a museum it has fulfilled its function as a private residence, which it continues to do to this day.
Directly opposite the Round House is Chalford Place, a Grade I listed building built on the site of the original home of the de Chalkfordes who are mentioned in documents as early as 1240. [4] The house, formerly known as the Companys Arms, is one of the earlier houses in the valley. Built as a mill owner's house it became an inn in the nineteenth century. It owed its name Companys Arms to the East India Company for which the mills of Chalford supplied much of its cloth. It remained an inn until the nineteen sixties, when it reverted to its former name of Chalford Place.[5] The house lay derelict for many years until it was recently purchased and is now being restored by the artist Damien Hurst
|
Surviving mills in Chalford parish.
Small parts of Ashmeads Mill remain. |
Notable former mill owners' houses.
|
Modern Chalford
In February 2008, Chalford hit the headlines when a community plan to reintroduce donkeys as a way of carrying shopping up the steep, narrow hills became public. [6][7][8]
Residents
Notable residents include James Bradley, the third Astronomer Royal, who died in Chalford in 1762, and the 19th-century sculptor John Thomas. The artist Damien Hirst has a studio in the village. Lord Janvrin, former Private Secretary to H.M. the Queen, maintains a house in the village and on his retirement was gazetted as Baron Janvrin of Chalford Hill, on 10 October 2007.
References
- ^ A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 11: Bisley and Longtree Hundreds (1976)
- ^ Both forms derive from the Anglo-Saxon hlinc.
- ^ [1] Cotswolds Canal Trust
- ^ a b Chalford Guide. Pub. Chalford Parish Council 1990
- ^ [2] The Vernacular Architecture and Buildings of Stroud and Chalford : Nigel McCullagh Paterson Pub. Trafford Publishing, 2006 ISBN 141209951X, 9781412099516T
- ^ Independent newspaper
- ^ Daily Mail
- ^ BBC News
External links
See also
- Aston Down airfield across the Golden Valley from Chalford