Lee (Korean surname)
| Lee | |
| Hangul | 이 (리 applies only to 李) |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 李; 異 and 伊 are rare |
| Revised Romanization | I (Ri) |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yi (Ri) Note: North Korean usage is in parentheses |
Lee is the common English spelling of 이 (pronounced [iː]), a common Korean family name. 이 derived from the Hanja character 李 is the second most common family name (after Kim) in Korea, with 이 derived from 異 or 伊 being relatively rare. The name is sometimes also transliterated as Yi (more commonly used in modern times when transliterating a given, rather than family, name) or Ri (North Korean), and was previously transliterated as Rhie or Rhee. The pronunciation of 李 as 리 is still common in North Korea.
The hanja 李 literally means "plum" or "judge."
Distribution
이 is the surname of approximately 15% of ethnic Koreans. This translates to 6,796,227 people in South Korea (2000), and millions more in North Korea (including 리) and among Korean emigrants and their descendants world-wide.
Clans
As with all Korean family names, the holders of the Lee surname are divided into different patrilineal clans, or lineages, known in Korean as bon-gwan, based on their ancestral seat. Most such clans trace their lineage back to a specific founder. This system was at its height under the yangban aristocracy of the Joseon Dynasty, but it remains in use today. There are approximately 241 such clans claimed by South Koreans.
Deoksu clan
The founder of this clan was Yi Dongsu, an official of the Goryeo period. This was a prominent yangban clan during the Joseon Dynasty, producing figures including the admiral Yi Sun-sin and the philosopher Yulgok Yi I. The clan seat, Deoksu, corresponds to Deoksu-hyeon, an old division of what is now Kaep'ung-gun in Kaesong city, North Korea.
Yong-in clan
The founder of Yongin clan was Kil-kwon who helped to found Goryeo.
Gyeongju clan
The founder of this clan was Yi Alpyeong, one of the original village headmen of Silla, who chose Bak Hyeokgeose as the first king. According to the Samguk Sagi, the Yi name was officially bestowed on the family by King Yuri around 9 CE. Prominent members include the Silla general Yi Sabu and the Joseon-era scholar Yi Hwang, as well as Yi Oseong (Hang-bok), one of the "Oseong and Haneum" scholar pair from the Joseon era.
Yeoju clan
Prominent members of this clan include the Joseon Dynasty philosopher Seongho Yi Ik.
Jeonju clan
The founder of this clan was Yi Han, a native of Baekje who later married a Silla princess and became a high official of Silla. His 22nd-generation descendant, Ah Tae Jo (Yi Seonggye), went on to found the Joseon(Chosun) Kingdom. The Jeonju Yi family ruled Joseon for 518 years between 1392 and 1910. The current pretender to the Korean throne is Her Imperial Higness, Empress Haewon of Joseon. Members of the different branches of Jeonju Yi family dominated Korean history right up until the formation of the current Republic of Korea.
Danyang clan
The founder of this clan was Jeong Dojeon, who was the first Prime Minister of Joseon and had close relations to King Yi Seonggye. He bestowed upon him the right to start his clan, a right only a yangban could ask, thus Jeong Dojeon created a new yangban clan. The clan's ancestral seat is Danyang.
Yangsan clan
The founder is Yi Man-young, an internal minister in Korea following the fall of the Koryo dynasty. He died of strangulation near an isolated mountain.
Suan clan
About 38 generations before were the original Chinese. Suan, located in North Korea is also a prominent clan. Born in 1910, Lee Kiyoung, a member of his clan was a former CEO of one of Korea's first and biggest construction company, a feat so prestigious that he was one of the 200 most successful people in Korea at his time.
Seongju clan
The founder of this clan was Soon Yu (Korean:순유, Traditional Chinese:純由), a prominent official of late Silla. His 12th-generation descendant Jang Gyeong (Korean: 장경, Traditional Chinese: 長庚) was also a prominent official of the Goryeo dynasty. Eight generations of Jang Kyung's descendants yielded 75 civil examination qualifiers. As of a 2000 census conducted by the ROK, 186,188 Koreans of the Seongju Yi clan live in South Korea.
Hongju clan
The founder of the Hongju Lee clan was Lee Yoo Sung, a member of the King’s inner circle during the late Koryo dynasty. The clan’s ancestral seat was bestowed when his 9th generation descendant, Lee Ki-jong, was titled. Hongyang/Hongju is located in present day Hongseong, Chuncheong Nam Do Province, South Korea. Especially during the late Koryo and early Lee dynasties, the Hongju Lee clan produced many outstanding and influential people, including Lee Yeon-su, Lee Seong, Lee Seo, and Lee Jong-jang.
Notable people
Given the prevalence of Lee as a family name among ethnic Koreans, a great number of people have this surname.