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| background = #C2E0FF
| background = #C2E0FF
| image = 469705 =Kagara 2011-04-22.png
| image = 469705 =Kagara 2011-04-22.png
| image_size = 250
| image_scale =
| caption = Stacked [[Hubble Space Telescope]] images of ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu
| caption = Stacked [[Hubble Space Telescope]] images of ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu
| discovery_ref = &nbsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Marc Buie]]
| discoverer = [[Marc Buie]]
| discovery_site = [[Kitt Peak Observatory|Kitt Peak Obs.]]
| discovery_site = [[Kitt Peak Observatory]]
| discovered = 11 March 2005
| discovered = 11 March 2005
| mpc_name = (469705) ǂKá̦gára
| mpc_name = (469705) ǂKá̦gára
| alt_names = {{mp|2005 EF|298}}
| alt_names = {{mp|2005 EF|298}}
| pronounced = {{Ubl
| pronounced = {{Ubl
| {{small|English:}} {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|ʔ|ɡ|ɑr|ə}}
| English: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|ʔ|ɡ|ɑː|r|ə}}
| {{small|[[ǀXam language|ǀXam]]:}} {{IPA-all|ǂ͡káˤɡáɾa||{{=}}Ka'gara.ogg}}
| [[ǀXam language|ǀXam]]: {{IPA-all|ǂ͡káˤɡáɾa||{{=}}Ka'gara.ogg}}
}}
}}
| named_after = [[ǂKá̦gára]] {{small|([[San mythology]])}}<ref name=Grundyetal2019 />
| named_after = [[ǂKá̦gára]] ([[San mythology]])<ref name=Grundyetal2019 />
| mp_category = [[cold classical|Cold classical KBO]]<ref name="Grundyetal2019" />
| mp_category = [[cold classical|Cold classical KBO]]<ref name="Grundyetal2019" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
| epoch = ([[Julian day|JD]]&nbsp;2458600.5)
| epoch = ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 3
| uncertainty = 3
| observation_arc = 10.10&nbsp;[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (3688&nbsp;d)
| observation_arc = 10.10 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (3688 d)
| aphelion = 44.058&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| aphelion = 44.058 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 40.013&nbsp;AU
| perihelion = 40.013 AU
| semimajor = 44.081&nbsp;AU
| semimajor = 44.081 AU
| eccentricity = 0.085
| eccentricity = 0.085
| period = 292.45&nbsp;yr (106744.25&nbsp;d)
| period = 292.45 yr (106744.25&nbsp;d)
| mean_anomaly = 118.059[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_anomaly = 118.059[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = 0.00337 {{Deg2DMS|0.|sup=ms}} / day
| mean_motion = 0.00337 {{Deg2DMS|0.|sup=ms}} / day
Line 41: Line 41:
}}
}}


'''469705 ǂKá̦gára''', provisional designation {{mp|2005 EF|298}}, is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] and [[Binary minor planet|binary system]] of the core [[Kuiper belt]], located in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]]. It was discovered on 11 March 2005 by American astronomer [[Marc Buie]] at the [[Kitt Peak Observatory]] in Arizona.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The primary body measures perhaps {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. Its ≈120-kilometer (75-mile) [[Minor-planet moon|companion]] '''ǃHãunu''' was discovered with the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] in 2009. The ǂKá̦gára–ǃHãunu system is currently undergoing [[mutual occultation and eclipsing event]]s in which one body casts its shadow upon or obstructs the view of the other.
'''469705 ǂKá̦gára''' (provisional designation '''{{mp|2005 EF|298}}''') is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] and [[Binary minor planet|binary system]] of the core [[Kuiper belt]], located in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]]. It was discovered on 11 March 2005 by American astronomer [[Marc Buie]] at the [[Kitt Peak Observatory]] in Arizona.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The primary body measures around {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. Its 120-kilometer (75-mile) [[Minor-planet moon|companion]] '''ǃHãunu''' was discovered with the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] in 2009. The ǂKá̦gára–ǃHãunu system is currently undergoing [[mutual occultation and eclipsing event]]s in which one body casts a shadow on or obstructs the view of the other as seen from Earth.


== Names ==
== Names ==


The names ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu are from the mythology of the [[ǀXam]] people of South Africa. {{lang|xam|[[ǂKá̦gára]]}} (also rendered {{lang|xam|ǂKaʻgara}}) and his brother-in-law {{lang|xam|[[ǃHãunu]]}} fought an epic battle in the east using thunder and lightning, producing mountainous clouds and rain. The conflict was over ǂKá̦gára's returning his younger sister, ǃHãunu's wife, to their parents.<ref name=Grundyetal2019 /><ref>[http://lloydbleekcollection.cs.uct.ac.za/stories/901/index.html ≠kagara's fight with !haunu in the east]. Lucy Lloyd |xam notebooks, vol. VIII-30, July 1879.</ref> The names were approved and an official {{MoMP|469705|naming citation}} was published on 16 June 2021, by [[International Astronomical Union|IAU's]] Working Group on Small Body Nomenclature.<ref name="WGSBN-Bulletin" />
The names ''ǂKá̦gára'' and ''ǃHãunu'' are from the mythology of the [[ǀXam]] people of South Africa. [[ǂKá̦gára]] (also rendered ǂKaʻgara) and his brother-in-law [[ǃHãunu]] fought an epic battle in the east using thunder and lightning, producing mountainous clouds and rain. The conflict was fought over ǂKá̦gára's returning his younger sister, ǃHãunu's wife, to their parents.<ref name=Grundyetal2019 /><ref>[http://lloydbleekcollection.cs.uct.ac.za/stories/901/index.html ≠kagara's fight with !haunu in the east]. Lucy Lloyd |xam notebooks, vol. VIII-30, July 1879.</ref> The names were approved and {{MoMP|469705|an official naming citation}} was published on 16 June 2021 by the [[International Astronomical Union]]'s [[Working Group on Small Body Nomenclature]].<ref name="WGSBN-Bulletin" />


In the [[ǀXam language]], the names are thought to have been pronounced {{IPA-all|ǂ͡káˤɡáɾa||{{=}}Ka'gara.ogg}}<ref group=Note>Bleek & Lloyd wrote {{angbr IPA|ǂk}} when the posterior release of the click was audible. Based on the sounds attested in the closely related language [[Nǁng language|Nǁng]], this {{IPA|[ǂ͡k]}} may therefore represent a palatal [[pulmonic-contour click]], though this is not certain.</ref> and {{IPA-all|ᵑ̊ǃʰəunu||!Haunu.ogg}},<ref group=Note>Based on the co-occurrence of the letter {{angbr|H}} for aspiration of the click and the tilde for [[nasalization]] on the following vowel, together with the patterns of sounds in Nǁng, it is suspected that the click in ǃHãunu has [[delayed aspiration]] (i.e., is a long, aspirated, nasalized click), rather than a simple {{IPA-all|ǃʰə̃unu}}, though again this is not certain.</ref> respectively.<ref>[http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/tnbs/469705_how_to_say.html Will Grundy: 469705 (how to say)]</ref> The initial letters ''ǂK'' and ''!H'' (and indeed the letter ''ǀX'' in 'ǀXam') represent some of the many [[click consonants]] that characterize ǀXam and other [[San people|San]] languages. The diacritic under or after the first 'a' in ''ǂK'''á̦'''gára''/''ǂK'''aʻ'''gara'' indicates that it is a [[pharyngealized]] vowel, which are also characteristic of San languages. Usually, when speaking English, the click consonants in words from ǀXam and other San languages are simply ignored (much as ''[[wikt:Xhosa|Xhosa]]'' is pronounced {{IPAc-en|'|k|oʊ|z|ə}} ({{respell|KOH|zə|}}) rather than {{IPA-all|ǁʰosa|}}), resulting in {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|ʔ|ɡ|ɑr|ə}} ({{respell|KAHʼ|gar-ə}}) and {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|n|uː}} ({{respell|HOW|noo}}). ASCII approximations of the names are ''=Ka'gara'' (or ''=Kagara'', ''#Kagara'', etc.) and ''!Haunu''.
In the [[ǀXam language]], ''ǂKá̦gára'' and ''ǃHãunu'' are thought to have been pronounced {{IPA-all|ǂ͡káˤɡáɾa||{{=}}Ka'gara.ogg}}<ref group=Note>Bleek & Lloyd wrote {{angbr IPA|ǂk}} when the posterior release of the click was audible. Based on the sounds attested in the closely related language [[Nǁng language|Nǁng]], this {{IPA|[ǂ͡k]}} may therefore represent a palatal [[pulmonic-contour click]], though this is not certain.</ref> and {{IPA-all|ᵑ̊ǃʰəunu||!Haunu.ogg}},<ref group=Note>Based on the co-occurrence of the letter {{angbr|H}} for aspiration of the click and the tilde for [[nasalization]] on the following vowel, together with the patterns of sounds in Nǁng, it is suspected that the click in ǃHãunu has [[delayed aspiration]] (i.e., is a long, aspirated, nasalized click), rather than a simple {{IPA-all|ǃʰə̃unu}}, though again this is not certain.</ref> respectively.<ref>[http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/tnbs/469705_how_to_say.html Will Grundy: 469705 (how to say)]</ref> {{citation needed span|The initial letters ''ǂK'' and ''!H'' (and indeed the letter ''ǀX'' in 'ǀXam') represent some of the many [[click consonants]] that characterize ǀXam and other [[Khoisan languages|San languages]]. The [[diacritic]] under the first vowel in ''ǂKá̦gára'' indicates that it is a [[pharyngealized]] vowel, another characteristic of San languages. When pronounced in English, the click consonants in words from ǀXam and other San languages are usually ignored (much as ''[[wikt:Xhosa|Xhosa]]'' is pronounced {{IPAc-en|'|k|oʊ|z|ə}} ({{respell|KOH|zə|}}) rather than {{IPA-all|ǁʰosa|}}), resulting in {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑː|ʔ|ɡ|ɑː|r|ə}} ({{respell|KAHʼ|gar-ə}}) and {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|n|uː}} ({{respell|HOW|noo}}).|date=December 2022}} [[ASCII]] approximations of the names are ''=Ka'gara'' and ''!Haunu''.


== Orbit and occultations ==
== Orbit and occultations ==


ǂKá̦gára is a [[cold classical Kuiper belt object]]. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 44&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 290 years. Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.09 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 3[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
ǂKá̦gára is a [[cold classical Kuiper belt object]]. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 44&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 290 years. Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.09 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 3 degrees with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />


If the two bodies are spheres with equal density, then [[Asteroid occultation|mutual occultation]] events between ǂKá̦gára and its satellite ǃHãunu should have begun in 2015 and should continue until 2035. When ǂKá̦gára passes in front of ǃHãunu, events may last as long as 8 hours, but when ǃHãunu passes in front of ǂKá̦gára, they are expected to last as long as 2 days. These latter events are only expected to occur from 2022 to 2027.<ref name=Grundyetal2019 />
If the two bodies are spheres with equal density, then [[Asteroid occultation|mutual occultation]] events between ǂKá̦gára and its satellite ǃHãunu should have begun in 2015 and should continue until 2035. When ǂKá̦gára passes in front of ǃHãunu, events may last as long as 8 hours, but when ǃHãunu passes in front of ǂKá̦gára they are expected to last as long as 2 days. These latter events are only expected to occur from 2022 to 2027.<ref name=Grundyetal2019 />


== Formation ==
== Formation ==
Line 67: Line 67:
| mpc_name =
| mpc_name =
| pronounced = {{Ubl
| pronounced = {{Ubl
| {{small|English:}} {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|n|uː}}
| English: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|n|uː}}
| {{small|[[ǀXam language|ǀXam]]:}} {{IPA-all|ᵑ̊ǃʰəunu||!Haunu.ogg}}
| [[ǀXam language|ǀXam]]: {{IPA-all|ᵑ̊ǃʰəunu||!Haunu.ogg}}
}}
}}
| named_after = [[ǃHãunu]] {{small|([[San mythology]])}}<ref name=Grundyetal2019 />
| named_after = [[ǃHãunu]] ([[San mythology]])<ref name=Grundyetal2019 />
| note = yes
| note = yes
| alt_names = {{Ubl
| alt_names = {{Ubl
| ǂKá̦gára I
| ǂKá̦gára I
| S/2009 (2005 EF298) 1
| S/2009 (469705) 1
}}
}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name=Grundyetal2019/><ref name=Grundydata/><ref name="johnstonsarchive-moons" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name=Grundyetal2019/><ref name=Grundydata/><ref name="johnstonsarchive-moons" />
Line 91: Line 91:
| abs_magnitude =
| abs_magnitude =
}}
}}
469705 ǂKá̦gára has one known satellite, '''ǃHãunu'''. The magnitude difference between ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu is {{val|0.59}} mag. This corresponds to a difference in diameter of 13%, if the two bodies have the same albedo.<ref name=Grundyetal2019/>
469705 ǂKá̦gára has one known satellite, '''ǃHãunu'''. The magnitude difference between ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu is {{val|0.59}} mag. This corresponds to a difference in diameter of 13%, if the two bodies have the same [[albedo]].<ref name=Grundyetal2019/>


The system mass is {{val|2.18|0.12|e=18|u=kg}}, and, given the albedo, the bodies are equivalent to a single sphere of diameter {{val|174|+27|-32|u=km}}. This corresponds to a density of {{val|1.1|+0.9|-0.4|u=g/cm3}}. This does not particularly constrain the composition of the bodies, as the error bars cover the densities of both small, porous bodies and larger, collapsed bodies. (See [[229762 Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà]] for discussion.) Assuming the two bodies have the same albedo and density, their masses are {{val|1.29|0.07|e=18|u=kg}} and {{val|0.89|0.05|e=18|u=kg}}, and their diameters are {{val|138|+21|-25|u=km}} and {{val|122|+16|-19|u=km}}.<ref name=Grundyetal2019/>
The system mass is {{val|2.18|0.12|e=18|u=kg}}, and, given the albedo, the bodies are equivalent to a single sphere of diameter {{val|174|+27|-32|u=km}}. This corresponds to a density of {{val|1.1|+0.9|-0.4|u=g/cm3}}. This does not particularly constrain the composition of the bodies, as the error bars cover the densities of both small, porous bodies and larger, collapsed bodies. Assuming the two bodies have the same albedo and density, their masses are {{val|1.29|0.07|e=18|u=kg}} and {{val|0.89|0.05|e=18|u=kg}}, and their diameters are {{val|138|+21|-25|u=km}} and {{val|122|+16|-19|u=km}}.<ref name=Grundyetal2019/>
{{clear}}
{{clear|left}}


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
Line 107: Line 107:
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=469705
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=469705
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 7 April 2019}}</ref>
|access-date= 7 April 2019}}</ref>


<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
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|work = Minor Planet Center
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=469705
|url = https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=469705
|access-date = 7 April 2019}}</ref>
|access-date= 7 April 2019}}</ref>


<ref name="Grundyetal2019">{{Cite journal
<ref name="Grundyetal2019">{{Cite journal
Line 131: Line 131:
|url = http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/abstracts/2019.TNB_orbits.html
|url = http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/abstracts/2019.TNB_orbits.html
|journal = Icarus
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 334
|volume = 334
|pages = 62–78
|pages = 62–78
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.035
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.035
|access-date= 2019-04-06}} (heliocentric parameters averaged over 10Myr)</ref>
|access-date= 2019-04-06}} (heliocentric parameters averaged over 10Myr)</ref>


Line 140: Line 140:
|work = Mutual Orbits of Binary Transneptunian Objects
|work = Mutual Orbits of Binary Transneptunian Objects
|url = http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/tnbs/469705_2005_EF298.html
|url = http://www2.lowell.edu/users/grundy/tnbs/469705_2005_EF298.html
|access-date = 7 April 2019}} (heliocentric parameters averaged over 10Myr)</ref>
|access-date= 7 April 2019}} (heliocentric parameters averaged over 10Myr)</ref>


<ref name="WGSBN-Bulletin">{{citation
<ref name="WGSBN-Bulletin">{{citation
Line 157: Line 157:
|last = Johnston |first= Wm. Robert
|last = Johnston |first= Wm. Robert
|url = https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-469705.html
|url = https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-469705.html
|accessdate = 18 June 2021}}</ref>
|access-date= 18 June 2021}}</ref>


}} <!-- end of reflist -->
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
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{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Solar System moons (compact)}}
{{Solar System moons (compact)}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagara}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kagara}}
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[[Category:Discoveries by Marc Buie]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Marc Buie]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Minor planets named from San mythology]]
[[Category:Binary trans-Neptunian objects]]
[[Category:Binary trans-Neptunian objects|469705]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2005|20050311]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2005|20050311]]

Latest revision as of 20:50, 14 January 2024

469705 ǂKá̦gára
Stacked Hubble Space Telescope images of ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu
Discovery[1]
Discovered byMarc Buie
Discovery siteKitt Peak Observatory
Discovery date11 March 2005
Designations
(469705) ǂKá̦gára
Pronunciation
Named after
ǂKá̦gára (San mythology)[2]
2005 EF298
Cold classical KBO[2]
Orbital characteristics[3][1]
Epoch (JD 2458600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 3
Observation arc10.10 yr (3688 d)
Aphelion44.058 AU
Perihelion40.013 AU
44.081 AU
Eccentricity0.085
292.45 yr (106744.25 d)
118.059°
0.00337 0° 0m 0s / day
Inclination1.60°
118.059°
77.966°
Known satellites1[4]
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
138+21
−25 km, assuming same albedo as ǃHãunu
Mass(1.29±0.07)×1018 kg, assuming same density and albedo as ǃHãunu
Mean density
1.1+0.9
−0.4 g/cm3, assuming equal compositions of the bodies
HV = 6.2±0.5

469705 ǂKá̦gára (provisional designation 2005 EF298) is a trans-Neptunian object and binary system of the core Kuiper belt, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 11 March 2005 by American astronomer Marc Buie at the Kitt Peak Observatory in Arizona.[1] The primary body measures around 140 kilometers (90 miles) in diameter. Its 120-kilometer (75-mile) companion ǃHãunu was discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2009. The ǂKá̦gára–ǃHãunu system is currently undergoing mutual occultation and eclipsing events in which one body casts a shadow on or obstructs the view of the other as seen from Earth.

Names[edit]

The names ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu are from the mythology of the ǀXam people of South Africa. ǂKá̦gára (also rendered ǂKaʻgara) and his brother-in-law ǃHãunu fought an epic battle in the east using thunder and lightning, producing mountainous clouds and rain. The conflict was fought over ǂKá̦gára's returning his younger sister, ǃHãunu's wife, to their parents.[2][5] The names were approved and an official naming citation was published on 16 June 2021 by the International Astronomical Union's Working Group on Small Body Nomenclature.[6]

In the ǀXam language, ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu are thought to have been pronounced [ǂ͡káˤɡáɾa] ⓘ[Note 1] and [ᵑ̊ǃʰəunu] ⓘ,[Note 2] respectively.[7] The initial letters ǂK and !H (and indeed the letter ǀX in 'ǀXam') represent some of the many click consonants that characterize ǀXam and other San languages. The diacritic under the first vowel in ǂKá̦gára indicates that it is a pharyngealized vowel, another characteristic of San languages. When pronounced in English, the click consonants in words from ǀXam and other San languages are usually ignored (much as Xhosa is pronounced /ˈkoʊzə/ (KOH-zə) rather than [ǁʰosa]), resulting in /ˈkɑːʔɡɑːrə/ (KAHʼ-gar-ə) and /ˈhaʊnuː/ (HOW-noo).[citation needed] ASCII approximations of the names are =Ka'gara and !Haunu.

Orbit and occultations[edit]

ǂKá̦gára is a cold classical Kuiper belt object. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 44 AU once every 290 years. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 3 degrees with respect to the ecliptic.[3]

If the two bodies are spheres with equal density, then mutual occultation events between ǂKá̦gára and its satellite ǃHãunu should have begun in 2015 and should continue until 2035. When ǂKá̦gára passes in front of ǃHãunu, events may last as long as 8 hours, but when ǃHãunu passes in front of ǂKá̦gára they are expected to last as long as 2 days. These latter events are only expected to occur from 2022 to 2027.[2]

Formation[edit]

Prograde orbits dominate tight binary systems such as 469705 ǂKá̦gára, those with satellite semimajor axes less than about 5% of their Hill radii. Grundy et al. suggest that this could be "the signature of planetesimal formation through gravitational collapse of local density enhancements such as caused by the streaming instability",[2] which has been suggested as the formative mechanism of the only visited planetesimal, 486958 Arrokoth.

Satellite, size and mass[edit]

ǃHãunu
Discovery
Discovery date2009
Designations
Pronunciation
Named after
ǃHãunu (San mythology)[2]
  • ǂKá̦gára I
  • S/2009 (469705) 1
Orbital characteristics[2][8][4]
7670±140 km
Eccentricity0.694±0.013
128.107±0.027 d (prograde)
Inclination
  • 33.33°±0.41° ref'd to J2000 equatorial frame
  • 11.17°±0.41° to heliocentric orbit
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
122+16
−19 km, assuming same albedo as ǂKá̦gára
Mass(0.89±0.05)×1018 kg, assuming same density and albedo as ǂKá̦gára
ΔH = 0.59

469705 ǂKá̦gára has one known satellite, ǃHãunu. The magnitude difference between ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu is 0.59 mag. This corresponds to a difference in diameter of 13%, if the two bodies have the same albedo.[2]

The system mass is (2.18±0.12)×1018 kg, and, given the albedo, the bodies are equivalent to a single sphere of diameter 174+27
−32 km. This corresponds to a density of 1.1+0.9
−0.4 g/cm3. This does not particularly constrain the composition of the bodies, as the error bars cover the densities of both small, porous bodies and larger, collapsed bodies. Assuming the two bodies have the same albedo and density, their masses are (1.29±0.07)×1018 kg and (0.89±0.05)×1018 kg, and their diameters are 138+21
−25 km and 122+16
−19 km.[2]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Bleek & Lloyd wrote ⟨ǂk⟩ when the posterior release of the click was audible. Based on the sounds attested in the closely related language Nǁng, this [ǂ͡k] may therefore represent a palatal pulmonic-contour click, though this is not certain.
  2. ^ Based on the co-occurrence of the letter ⟨H⟩ for aspiration of the click and the tilde for nasalization on the following vowel, together with the patterns of sounds in Nǁng, it is suspected that the click in ǃHãunu has delayed aspiration (i.e., is a long, aspirated, nasalized click), rather than a simple IPA: [ǃʰə̃unu], though again this is not certain.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "469705 (2005 EF298)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Grundy, W.M.; Noll, K.S.; Roe, H.G.; Buie, M.W.; Porter, S.B.; Parker, A.H.; Nesvorný, D.; Levison, H.F.; Benecchi, S.D.; Stephens, D.C.; Trujillo, C.A. (April 2019). "Mutual orbit orientations of transneptunian binaries". Icarus. 334: 62–78. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.035. Retrieved 6 April 2019. (heliocentric parameters averaged over 10Myr)
  3. ^ a b "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 469705 (2005 EF298)" (2015-04-06 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
  4. ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (27 May 2019). "Asteroids with Satellites Database – (469705) 2005 EF298". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  5. ^ ≠kagara's fight with !haunu in the east. Lucy Lloyd |xam notebooks, vol. VIII-30, July 1879.
  6. ^ "WGSBN Bulletin" (PDF), Working Group Small Body Nomenclature, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 15, 16 June 2021
  7. ^ Will Grundy: 469705 (how to say)
  8. ^ "ǂKá̦gára and ǃHãunu (469705 2005 EF298)". Mutual Orbits of Binary Transneptunian Objects. Retrieved 7 April 2019. (heliocentric parameters averaged over 10Myr)

External links[edit]

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