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{{Short description|Species of maple}}
{{AfC submission/draft}}

{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Acer caudatifolium in Auckland Botanic Gardens 04.jpg
⚫
| genus = Acer
|status = LC
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| species = kawakamii
|status_system = IUCN3.1
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| authority = Koidzumi, 1911
|status_ref=<ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Barstow, M. |author2=Crowley, D. |author3=Rivers, M.C. |title=''Acer kawakamii'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T193531A2242295 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T193531A2242295.en}}</ref>
⚫
}}
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|genus = Acer
|parent = Acer sect. Macrantha
⚫
|species = kawakamii
⚫
|authority =Koidzumi 1911
|synonyms_ref = <ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2615506 The Plant List, ''Acer caudatifolium'' Hayata ]</ref>
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
|''Acer capillipes'' subsp. ''insulare'' <small>(Makino) A.E.Murray</small>
|''Acer caudatifolium'' <small>[[Bunzō Hayata|Hayata]]</small>
|''Acer insulare'' <small>Makino</small>
|''Acer kawakamii'' var. ''taitonmontanum'' <small>(Hayata) H.L.Li</small>
|''Acer ovatifolium'' <small>Koidz.</small>
|''Acer pectinatum'' subsp. ''formosanum'' <small>A.E.Murray</small>
|''Acer taiton-montanum'' <small>Hayata</small>
⚫
}}}}


'''''Acer kawakamii''''' is an Asian species of [[maple]], found only in [[Taiwan]].<ref name=e>[http://efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012945 Flora of China, ''Acer caudatifolium'' Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 30(1): 65. 1911. <big>尖尾枫</big> jian wei feng]</ref> The species is sometimes confused with another Taiwanese tree, ''Acer morrisonense''. This species has been known to reach 20 metres tall. Leaves are non-compound, the blade narrowly [[leaf shape|ovate]], up to 11&nbsp;cm long by 4.5&nbsp;cm wide, with [[leaf shape|serrate margins]] but no lobes.<ref name=e/><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39205511#page/81/mode/1up Hayata, Bunzô 1911. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 30(1): 65] description in Latin, commentary in English</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41541142#page/371/mode/1up Makino, Tomitarô 1910. Botanical magazine, Shokubutsugaku zasshi 24: 293-294] in English as ''Acer insulare''</ref>
''Acer kawakamii'' is an Asian species of [[maple]] and an endemic plant of [[Taiwan]], belonging to [[Sapindaceae]] ([[Aceraceae|Aceracea]]), genus ''Acer''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Hui-Lin |title=Aceraceae. Flora of Taiwan vol. 3 |last2=Lo |first2=Hann-Chung |publisher=Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Lungwei Printing Company, Ltd. |year=1993 |edition=2nd |location=Taipei, Taiwan, ROC |pages=591, 593 |language=English}}</ref>

== Morphology ==
== Description ==
It is a [[deciduous]] tree.
This [[deciduous]] tree that can reach up to {{cvt|20|meters}} in height and has thin, glabrous branches. Its leaves are opposite, chartaceous, simple, ovate or ovate-elliptic, {{cvt|6|-|10|cm}} in length, and {{cvt|3|-|5|cm}} in width. The leaf base is rounded or slightly cordate with finely serrated margins, usually unlobed or shallowly 3-lobed, rarely conspicuously 3-5 lobed. Apex is caudate-acuminate. The adaxial surface of the leaf blade is green while the abaxial surface is light green. Unisexual flowers, monoecious; raceme inflorescence with either glabrous or short pubescence, approximately {{cvt|5|cm}} in length. Flowers are approximately {{cvt|9|to|10|mm}} in width, slender, and glabrous. Calyx has 5 ovate-lanceolate-shaped sepals and is glabrous. 5 White rhomboid petals with undulating margins. The floral disk is thick and shallowly 8-lobed. The pistil of the female flower has a distinct carpel, the ovary has a wing-like structure. The style is 2-fid, connate at the base and curved downward at the apex. The staminodes are about {{cvt|2|mm}} in length. The male flower has 8 stamens surrounding the floral disk, with filaments about {{cvt|3|mm}} in length. The staminodes are approximately {{cvt|2|mm}} in length. The male flower has 8 stamens surrounding the floral disk, with filaments approximately {{cvt|3|mm}} in length. The male flower has 8 stamens surrounding the floral disk, with filaments approximately {{cvt|3|mm}} in length. The mature samara is yellowish brown in color with sickle-shaped wings approximately {{cvt|3|cm}} in length. The angle between the two wings at the lower margin is approximately 120-130 degrees.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Li |first1=Hui-Lin |title=Aceraceae. Flora of Taiwan vol. 3 |last2=Lo |first2=Hann-Chung |publisher=Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Lungwei Printing Company, Ltd. |year=1993 |edition=2nd |location=Taipei, Taiwan, ROC |pages=591, 593 |language=English}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
This species is endemic to Taiwan. It mainly grows at mid to high altitudes in the forests of the Central Mountain Range, often mixed with hinoki cypress in the cloud zone. It is naturally distributed in the Yangmingshan in northern Taiwan at elevations of 650-900 meters.<ref>{{Cite book |last=許 |first=重洲 |title=玉山國家公園關山越嶺古道中之關段森林植群之研究 |publisher=國立屏東科技大學熱帶農業研究所碩士論文 |year=2002 |location=屏東}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=王 |first=志強 |title=關山野生動物重要棲息環境珍貴稀有植物資源調查(一) |publisher=行政院農業委員會林務局臺東林區管理處委託研究報告 |year=2010 |location=臺東，臺灣}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=曾喜育、邱清安 |title=陽明山國家公園火山口植群與地景變遷調查分析-以磺嘴山與向天山為例 |publisher=陽明山國家公園管理處委託辦理成果報告 |year=2019 |location=臺北市，臺灣}}</ref>


== Taxonomy ==
== Taxonomy ==
There is some disagreement in this species' taxonomy with some sources listing it as ''Acer caudatifolium'',<ref>{{cite web |title=''Acer caudatifolium'' Hayata | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:56624-1| website = Plants of the World Online}}</ref> while others as ''Acer kawakamii''.<ref name="thesis"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Systemic classification of acer |url=https://maplesociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/classificationAcerMarch2021-vf2.pdf |last1=Davis |first = E. |year=2021}}</ref>
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This species was first named by Gen'ichi Koizumi in 1911<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koidzum |first=Gen'ichi |date=1911 |title=Observations on the Aceraceae |journal=Botanical Magazine |volume=25 |pages=102}}</ref> and subsequently described and illustrated in later academic articles<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koidzumi |first=Gen'ichi. |date=1911 |title=Revisio Aceracearum Japonicarum |journal=The journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=402}}</ref>. However, no formal designation of a type specimen was made, only mentioning that the type specimen was collected from the temperate forests of Mount Hakkutisan in Alishan. According to a study by Chien-Yu Tseng in 2007, the designated type specimen currently held at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (catalog number: DB No. 01924) is likely the one recognized by Gen'ichi Koizumi. Due to significant morphological variations, especially in leaf morphology and the number of leaf lobes, the species has been differentiated into subspecies or varieties. However, since these characteristics are difficult to determine, Tseng suggested treating it as a single species.<ref>{{Cite book |last=曾 |first=千育 |title=臺灣地區槭樹屬植物之分類研究─以外部形態與分子證據探討 |publisher=國立新竹教育大學碩士論文 |year=2007 |location=新竹 |pages=31-65 |language=Chinese}}</ref>

⚫
This species was first named by Genichi Koidzumi in 1911<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koidzum |first=Gen'ichi |date= |title=Observations on the Aceraceae. |journal=Botanical Magazine |publisher=Tokyo Botanical Society |volume=25 |page=102}}</ref> and was subsequently described and illustrated in later academic articles. No formal holotype was cited; the only mention was that the type specimen was collected from the temperate forest in Mt. Hakkutisan in Alishan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koidzumi |first=Gen'ichi |date=1911 |title=Revisio Aceracearum Japonicarum |journal=The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan |publisher=The University of Tokyo |volume=32 |issue=1 |page=402}}</ref> According to a study conducted by Chien-Yu Tseng in 2007, the selected type specimen (DB No. 01924) currently preserved in the University of Tokyo may likely be the species identified by Genichi Koidzumi. Due to the significant morphological variation, particularly in the number of leaf lobes and morphology, the species has been differentiated into different subspecies or varieties. Therefore, because of the difficulty in determining these characteristics, Tseng has suggested listing the species as a single species.<ref name="thesis">{{Cite book |last=曾 |first=千育 |title=臺灣地區槭樹屬植物之分類研究─以外部形態與分子證據探討 |publisher=國立新竹教育大學碩士論文 |year=2007 |location=新竹 |pages=31–65 |language=Chinese}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

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==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Acer caudatifolium}}


{{Taxonbar|from1=Q7240862|from2=Q6815162}}
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== External links ==
https://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/chi/taibnet_species_detail.php?name_code=204423
== Reference ==


[[Category:Plants described in 1922]]
[[Category:Maple|kawakamii]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Trees of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1911]]

Latest revision as of 12:03, 18 July 2023

Acer kawakamii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Acer
Section: Acer sect. Macrantha
Species:
A. kawakamii
Binomial name
Acer kawakamii
Koidzumi 1911
Synonyms[2]
List
  • Acer capillipes subsp. insulare (Makino) A.E.Murray
  • Acer caudatifolium Hayata
  • Acer insulare Makino
  • Acer kawakamii var. taitonmontanum (Hayata) H.L.Li
  • Acer ovatifolium Koidz.
  • Acer pectinatum subsp. formosanum A.E.Murray
  • Acer taiton-montanum Hayata

Acer kawakamii is an Asian species of maple, found only in Taiwan.[3] The species is sometimes confused with another Taiwanese tree, Acer morrisonense. This species has been known to reach 20 metres tall. Leaves are non-compound, the blade narrowly ovate, up to 11 cm long by 4.5 cm wide, with serrate margins but no lobes.[3][4][5]

Description[edit]

This deciduous tree that can reach up to 20 m (66 ft) in height and has thin, glabrous branches. Its leaves are opposite, chartaceous, simple, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6–10 cm (2.4–3.9 in) in length, and 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) in width. The leaf base is rounded or slightly cordate with finely serrated margins, usually unlobed or shallowly 3-lobed, rarely conspicuously 3-5 lobed. Apex is caudate-acuminate. The adaxial surface of the leaf blade is green while the abaxial surface is light green. Unisexual flowers, monoecious; raceme inflorescence with either glabrous or short pubescence, approximately 5 cm (2.0 in) in length. Flowers are approximately 9 to 10 mm (0.35 to 0.39 in) in width, slender, and glabrous. Calyx has 5 ovate-lanceolate-shaped sepals and is glabrous. 5 White rhomboid petals with undulating margins. The floral disk is thick and shallowly 8-lobed. The pistil of the female flower has a distinct carpel, the ovary has a wing-like structure. The style is 2-fid, connate at the base and curved downward at the apex. The staminodes are about 2 mm (0.079 in) in length. The male flower has 8 stamens surrounding the floral disk, with filaments about 3 mm (0.12 in) in length. The staminodes are approximately 2 mm (0.079 in) in length. The male flower has 8 stamens surrounding the floral disk, with filaments approximately 3 mm (0.12 in) in length. The male flower has 8 stamens surrounding the floral disk, with filaments approximately 3 mm (0.12 in) in length. The mature samara is yellowish brown in color with sickle-shaped wings approximately 3 cm (1.2 in) in length. The angle between the two wings at the lower margin is approximately 120-130 degrees.[6]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

This species is endemic to Taiwan. It mainly grows at mid to high altitudes in the forests of the Central Mountain Range, often mixed with hinoki cypress in the cloud zone. It is naturally distributed in the Yangmingshan in northern Taiwan at elevations of 650-900 meters.[7][8][9]

Taxonomy[edit]

There is some disagreement in this species' taxonomy with some sources listing it as Acer caudatifolium,[10] while others as Acer kawakamii.[11][12]

This species was first named by Genichi Koidzumi in 1911[13] and was subsequently described and illustrated in later academic articles. No formal holotype was cited; the only mention was that the type specimen was collected from the temperate forest in Mt. Hakkutisan in Alishan.[14] According to a study conducted by Chien-Yu Tseng in 2007, the selected type specimen (DB No. 01924) currently preserved in the University of Tokyo may likely be the species identified by Genichi Koidzumi. Due to the significant morphological variation, particularly in the number of leaf lobes and morphology, the species has been differentiated into different subspecies or varieties. Therefore, because of the difficulty in determining these characteristics, Tseng has suggested listing the species as a single species.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Barstow, M.; Crowley, D.; Rivers, M.C. "Acer kawakamii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T193531A2242295. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T193531A2242295.en.
  2. ^ The Plant List, Acer caudatifolium Hayata
  3. ^ a b Flora of China, Acer caudatifolium Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 30(1): 65. 1911. 尖尾枫 jian wei feng
  4. ^ Hayata, Bunzô 1911. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 30(1): 65 description in Latin, commentary in English
  5. ^ Makino, Tomitarô 1910. Botanical magazine, Shokubutsugaku zasshi 24: 293-294 in English as Acer insulare
  6. ^ Li, Hui-Lin; Lo, Hann-Chung (1993). Aceraceae. Flora of Taiwan vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Taipei, Taiwan, ROC: Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Lungwei Printing Company, Ltd. pp. 591, 593.
  7. ^ 許, 重洲 (2002). 玉山國家公園關山越嶺古道中之關段森林植群之研究. 屏東: 國立屏東科技大學熱帶農業研究所碩士論文.
  8. ^ 王, 志強 (2010). 關山野生動物重要棲息環境珍貴稀有植物資源調查(一). 臺東，臺灣: 行政院農業委員會林務局臺東林區管理處委託研究報告.
  9. ^ 曾喜育、邱清安 (2019). 陽明山國家公園火山口植群與地景變遷調查分析-以磺嘴山與向天山為例. 臺北市，臺灣: 陽明山國家公園管理處委託辦理成果報告.
  10. ^ "Acer caudatifolium Hayata". Plants of the World Online.
  11. ^ a b 曾, 千育 (2007). 臺灣地區槭樹屬植物之分類研究─以外部形態與分子證據探討 (in Chinese). 新竹: 國立新竹教育大學碩士論文. pp. 31–65.
  12. ^ Davis, E. (2021). "Systemic classification of acer" (PDF).
  13. ^ Koidzum, Gen'ichi. "Observations on the Aceraceae". Botanical Magazine. 25. Tokyo Botanical Society: 102.
  14. ^ Koidzumi, Gen'ichi (1911). "Revisio Aceracearum Japonicarum". The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Japan. 32 (1). The University of Tokyo: 402.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acer_kawakamii&oldid=1165946667"