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'''''Actinoscirpus''''' is a [[monospecific]] genus in the family [[Cyperaceae]] which contains only the species '''''Actinoscirpus grossus''''', the '''greater club rush'''.<ref name="powo">{{Cite web|title=''Actinoscirpus'' (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1136213-2|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Plants of the World Online|language=en}}</ref> It is found across East and South Asia and is known in China as |
'''''Actinoscirpus''''' is a [[monospecific]] genus in the family [[Cyperaceae]] which contains only the species '''''Actinoscirpus grossus''''', the '''greater club rush'''.<ref name="powo">{{Cite web|title=''Actinoscirpus'' (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1136213-2|access-date=2021-01-06|website=Plants of the World Online|language=en}}</ref> It is found across East and South Asia and is known in China as {{Zh|c=|p=da biao cao|labels=no|first="p, t"|t=大藨草}}, ''rumput menderong'' in [[Malaysian language|Malaysian]], and ''kasheruka'' within [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic medicine]], which uses the tubers as an [[antiemetic]] and treatment for liver and digestive diseases.<ref name="foc">{{Cite web|title=''Actinoscirpus grossus'' in Flora of China @ efloras.org|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242101007|access-date=2021-01-06|website=www.efloras.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-08-01|title=Utilisation of an aquatic plant (Scirpus grossus) for phytoremediation of real sago mill effluent|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S235218642031333X|journal=Environmental Technology & Innovation|language=en|volume=19|pages=101033|doi=10.1016/j.eti.2020.101033|issn=2352-1864|last1=Nash |first1=Daniah Ali Hassoon |last2=Abdullah |first2=Siti Rozaimah Sheikh |last3=Hasan |first3=Hassimi Abu |last4=Idris |first4=Mushrifah |last5=Othman |first5=Ahmad Razi |last6=Al-Baldawi |first6=Israa Abdulwahab |last7=Ismail |first7=Nur 'Izzati |s2cid=225538557 }}</ref> It is a [[perennial plant]] that grows rapidly with long [[rhizome]]s that end in small [[tuber]]s. ''A. grossus'' is considered a "principal" weed of rice in some Southeast Asian countries. It is abundant in swampy or inundated areas, such as marshes and ditches, and is capable of dominating wetlands and rice patties. It is also a host of ''[[Chilo polychrysus]]'', the dark-headed rice borer. |
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== Description == |
== Description == |
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Stands of greater club rush grow to lengths of 1.5 to 2 meters. It grows well in both inundated lands and areas with flooding. Individuals grow in colonies with 10 to 15 centimeters between stems. The tight spacing of stems reduces the speed of flooding and helps filter trash or debris floating in waterways.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krisdianto |last2=Haryanti |first2=N H |last3=Susilawati |first3=I O |date=2022-02-01 |title=Biomimicry of greater club rush (Scirpus grossus L.f) and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour): Wetland plants inspiring innovative modular design |
Stands of greater club rush grow to lengths of 1.5 to 2 meters. It grows well in both inundated lands and areas with flooding. Individuals grow in colonies with 10 to 15 centimeters between stems. The tight spacing of stems reduces the speed of flooding and helps filter trash or debris floating in waterways.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krisdianto |last2=Haryanti |first2=N H |last3=Susilawati |first3=I O |date=2022-02-01 |title=Biomimicry of greater club rush (Scirpus grossus L.f) and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour): Wetland plants inspiring innovative modular design |journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science |language=en |volume=976 |issue=1 |pages=012062 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/976/1/012062 |bibcode=2022E&ES..976a2062K |s2cid=246676541 |issn=1755-1307|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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== Uses == |
== Uses == |
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The tubers of ''A. grossus'' are used in [[folk medicine]] as a treatment for liver disease, although experimental evidence to support this is limited. Ganapathi et al. (2018) showed a protective effect of ethanolic extract of the ''A. grossus tubers'' when treating ethanol-induced [[hepatotoxicity]] in rats; treatment of the extract significantly restored the [[ |
The tubers of ''A. grossus'' are used in [[folk medicine]] as a treatment for liver disease, although experimental evidence to support this is limited. Ganapathi et al. (2018) showed a protective effect of ethanolic extract of the ''A. grossus tubers'' when treating ethanol-induced [[hepatotoxicity]] in rats; treatment of the extract significantly restored the [[liver enzyme]]s, reduced lipid peroxidation, and restored altered catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-01-01|title=Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus tubers against ethanol induced liver toxicity in albino rats|journal=Journal of King Saud University - Science|language=en|volume=33|issue=1|pages=101253|doi=10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101253|issn=1018-3647|last1=Ganapathi |first1=Savin Chanthala |last2=Holla |first2=Rajendra |last3=Shankara |first3=Shivaraja |last4=Mundugaru |first4=Ravi |last5=Kn |first5=Sunilkumar |last6=Rajagopal |first6=Rajakrishnan |last7=Alfarhan |first7=Ahmed |last8=Alansari |first8=Abdullah |s2cid=229409362 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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=== Phytoremediation === |
=== Phytoremediation === |
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Studies have shown success using ''A. grossus'' and its associated [[rhizobacteria]] in improving water quality and removing contaminants through [[phytoremediation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-01-01|title=Characterisation of Pb-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Scirpus grossus|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878818119300659|journal=Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology|language=en|volume=23|pages=101456|doi=10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101456|issn=1878-8181|last1=Kamaruzzaman |first1=M.A. |last2=Abdullah |first2=S.R.S. |last3=Hasan |first3=H.A. |last4=Hassan |first4=M. |last5=Othman |first5=A.R. |last6=Idris |first6=M. |s2cid=213459356 }}</ref> Syafrizal et al. (2020) has shown success in reducing concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, [[Biochemical oxygen demand|BOD]], [[Chemical oxygen demand|COD]], and other measures of water quality.<ref>{{Cite journal |
Studies have shown success using ''A. grossus'' and its associated [[rhizobacteria]] in improving water quality and removing contaminants through [[phytoremediation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-01-01|title=Characterisation of Pb-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Scirpus grossus|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878818119300659|journal=Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology|language=en|volume=23|pages=101456|doi=10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101456|issn=1878-8181|last1=Kamaruzzaman |first1=M.A. |last2=Abdullah |first2=S.R.S. |last3=Hasan |first3=H.A. |last4=Hassan |first4=M. |last5=Othman |first5=A.R. |last6=Idris |first6=M. |s2cid=213459356 }}</ref> Syafrizal et al. (2020) has shown success in reducing concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, [[Biochemical oxygen demand|BOD]], [[Chemical oxygen demand|COD]], and other measures of water quality.<ref>{{Cite journal|language=en|doi=10.1088/1757-899x/796/1/012058|title=Degradation of Nitrate, Ammonium and Phosphate in Domestic Wastewater by Aquatic Plants, Actinoscirpus grossus in Floating Treatment Wetland System (FTWS) |year=2020 |last1=Syafrizal |last2=Suhendrayatna |last3=Zaki |first3=Muhammad |last4=Elvitriana |journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering |volume=796 |issue=1 |page=012058 |bibcode=2020MS&E..796a2058S |s2cid=216255989 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Additional studies have also shown success in reducing other contaminants, such as [[total suspended solids]], diesel, and lead, as well as remediating various forms of [[effluent]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-08-01|title=Utilisation of an aquatic plant (Scirpus grossus) for phytoremediation of real sago mill effluent|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S235218642031333X|journal=Environmental Technology & Innovation|language=en|volume=19|pages=101033|doi=10.1016/j.eti.2020.101033|issn=2352-1864|last1=Nash |first1=Daniah Ali Hassoon |last2=Abdullah |first2=Siti Rozaimah Sheikh |last3=Hasan |first3=Hassimi Abu |last4=Idris |first4=Mushrifah |last5=Othman |first5=Ahmad Razi |last6=Al-Baldawi |first6=Israa Abdulwahab |last7=Ismail |first7=Nur 'Izzati |s2cid=225538557 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019-02-01|title=Performance of continuous pilot subsurface constructed wetland using Scirpus grossus for removal of COD, colour and suspended solid in recycled pulp and paper effluent|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352186418304978|journal=Environmental Technology & Innovation|language=en|volume=13|pages=346–352|doi=10.1016/j.eti.2018.12.008|issn=2352-1864|last1=Md Yusoff |first1=Muhamad Farhan |last2=Siti Rozaimah |first2=Sheikh Abdullah |last3=Hassimi |first3=Abu Hasan |last4=Hawati |first4=Janor |last5=Habibah |first5=Ahmad |s2cid=135039802 }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [https://wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/Actinoscirpus-grossus.pdf Fact sheet for Actinoscirpus grossus from the Weed Science Society of America] |
* [https://wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/Actinoscirpus-grossus.pdf Fact sheet for Actinoscirpus grossus from the Weed Science Society of America] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 02:35, 28 October 2023
| Actinoscirpus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Actinoscirpus grossus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Cyperaceae |
| Genus: | Actinoscirpus (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye |
| Species: | A. grossus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. & D.A.Simpson
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Actinoscirpus is a monospecific genus in the family Cyperaceae which contains only the species Actinoscirpus grossus, the greater club rush.[1] It is found across East and South Asia and is known in China as 大藨草; da biao cao, rumput menderong in Malaysian, and kasheruka within Ayurvedic medicine, which uses the tubers as an antiemetic and treatment for liver and digestive diseases.[2][3] It is a perennial plant that grows rapidly with long rhizomes that end in small tubers. A. grossus is considered a "principal" weed of rice in some Southeast Asian countries. It is abundant in swampy or inundated areas, such as marshes and ditches, and is capable of dominating wetlands and rice patties. It is also a host of Chilo polychrysus, the dark-headed rice borer.
Description[edit]
Stands of greater club rush grow to lengths of 1.5 to 2 meters. It grows well in both inundated lands and areas with flooding. Individuals grow in colonies with 10 to 15 centimeters between stems. The tight spacing of stems reduces the speed of flooding and helps filter trash or debris floating in waterways.[4]
Uses[edit]
The tubers of A. grossus are used in folk medicine as a treatment for liver disease, although experimental evidence to support this is limited. Ganapathi et al. (2018) showed a protective effect of ethanolic extract of the A. grossus tubers when treating ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats; treatment of the extract significantly restored the liver enzymes, reduced lipid peroxidation, and restored altered catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity.[5]
Phytoremediation[edit]
Studies have shown success using A. grossus and its associated rhizobacteria in improving water quality and removing contaminants through phytoremediation.[6] Syafrizal et al. (2020) has shown success in reducing concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, BOD, COD, and other measures of water quality.[7] Additional studies have also shown success in reducing other contaminants, such as total suspended solids, diesel, and lead, as well as remediating various forms of effluent.[8][9]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Actinoscirpus (Ohwi) R.W.Haines & Lye | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- ^ "Actinoscirpus grossus in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- ^ Nash, Daniah Ali Hassoon; Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh; Hasan, Hassimi Abu; Idris, Mushrifah; Othman, Ahmad Razi; Al-Baldawi, Israa Abdulwahab; Ismail, Nur 'Izzati (2020-08-01). "Utilisation of an aquatic plant (Scirpus grossus) for phytoremediation of real sago mill effluent". Environmental Technology & Innovation. 19: 101033. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101033. ISSN 2352-1864. S2CID 225538557.
- ^ Krisdianto; Haryanti, N H; Susilawati, I O (2022-02-01). "Biomimicry of greater club rush (Scirpus grossus L.f) and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour): Wetland plants inspiring innovative modular design". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 976 (1): 012062. Bibcode:2022E&ES..976a2062K. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/976/1/012062. ISSN 1755-1307. S2CID 246676541.
- ^ Ganapathi, Savin Chanthala; Holla, Rajendra; Shankara, Shivaraja; Mundugaru, Ravi; Kn, Sunilkumar; Rajagopal, Rajakrishnan; Alfarhan, Ahmed; Alansari, Abdullah (2021-01-01). "Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus tubers against ethanol induced liver toxicity in albino rats". Journal of King Saud University - Science. 33 (1): 101253. doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101253. ISSN 1018-3647. S2CID 229409362.
- ^ Kamaruzzaman, M.A.; Abdullah, S.R.S.; Hasan, H.A.; Hassan, M.; Othman, A.R.; Idris, M. (2020-01-01). "Characterisation of Pb-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Scirpus grossus". Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 23: 101456. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101456. ISSN 1878-8181. S2CID 213459356.
- ^ Syafrizal; Suhendrayatna; Zaki, Muhammad; Elvitriana (2020). "Degradation of Nitrate, Ammonium and Phosphate in Domestic Wastewater by Aquatic Plants, Actinoscirpus grossus in Floating Treatment Wetland System (FTWS)". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 796 (1): 012058. Bibcode:2020MS&E..796a2058S. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/796/1/012058. S2CID 216255989.
- ^ Nash, Daniah Ali Hassoon; Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh; Hasan, Hassimi Abu; Idris, Mushrifah; Othman, Ahmad Razi; Al-Baldawi, Israa Abdulwahab; Ismail, Nur 'Izzati (2020-08-01). "Utilisation of an aquatic plant (Scirpus grossus) for phytoremediation of real sago mill effluent". Environmental Technology & Innovation. 19: 101033. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101033. ISSN 2352-1864. S2CID 225538557.
- ^ Md Yusoff, Muhamad Farhan; Siti Rozaimah, Sheikh Abdullah; Hassimi, Abu Hasan; Hawati, Janor; Habibah, Ahmad (2019-02-01). "Performance of continuous pilot subsurface constructed wetland using Scirpus grossus for removal of COD, colour and suspended solid in recycled pulp and paper effluent". Environmental Technology & Innovation. 13: 346–352. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2018.12.008. ISSN 2352-1864. S2CID 135039802.
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