Aelurodon: Difference between revisions

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|genus_authority = [[Joseph Leidy|Leidy]], 1858
|genus_authority = [[Joseph Leidy|Leidy]], 1858
|type_species = †''Aelurodon ferox''
|type_species = †''Aelurodon ferox''
|subdivision_ranks = Species<ref name=Wangetal>{{cite journal|last=Wang |first=Xiaoming |author2=Richard Tedford |author3=Beryl Taylor |title=Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=243 |pages=1–391 |date=1999-11-17 |url=http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal1999borophaginemonographpart1.pdf |accessdate=2007-07-08 |format=PDF |id={{hdl|2246/1588}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20070320023028/http://www.nhm.org:80/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal1999borophaginemonographpart1.pdf |archivedate=March 20, 2007 }}</ref><ref name="two">{{cite journal|last=Wang |first=Xiaoming |author2=Benjamin Wideman |author3=Ralph Nichols |author4=Debra Hanneman |title=A new species of ''Aelurodon'' (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=445–452 |date=June 2004 |url=http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal2004MontanaAelurodon.pdf |accessdate=2015-04-14 |doi=10.1671/2493 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216211915/http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal2004MontanaAelurodon.pdf |archivedate=December 16, 2008 }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species<ref name=Wangetal>{{cite journal|last=Wang |first=Xiaoming |author2=Richard Tedford |author3=Beryl Taylor |title=Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=243 |pages=1–391 |date=1999-11-17 |url=http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal1999borophaginemonographpart1.pdf |accessdate=2007-07-08 |format=PDF |id={{hdl|2246/1588}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320023028/http://www.nhm.org:80/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal1999borophaginemonographpart1.pdf |archivedate=March 20, 2007 |df= }}</ref><ref name="two">{{cite journal|last=Wang |first=Xiaoming |author2=Benjamin Wideman |author3=Ralph Nichols |author4=Debra Hanneman |title=A new species of ''Aelurodon'' (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=445–452 |date=June 2004 |url=http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal2004MontanaAelurodon.pdf |accessdate=2015-04-14 |doi=10.1671/2493 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216211915/http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/Wangetal2004MontanaAelurodon.pdf |archivedate=December 16, 2008 }}</ref>
|subdivision =
|subdivision =
* †''A. asthenostylus''
* †''A. asthenostylus''
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==Description==
==Description==
''Aelurodon'' are a part of a [[clade]] of [[canids]] loosely known as "bone-crushing" or "hyena-like" dogs, that apparently descended from the earlier genera ''[[Protomarctus]]'' and ''[[Tomarctus]]''.<ref name="two"/> Several species are known from fossils found in the central and western U.S., suggesting a wide geographic range during their peak in the [[Miocene]] epoch.<ref name=Berkeley>[http://bnhm.berkeley.edu/browse/vertebrates_Mammalia_Carnivora_Canidae_Aelurodon_all.php] List of ''Aelurodon'' specimens from the Berkeley Natural History Museum. (Accessed 4/11/06)</ref><ref name="two"/> Large species of ''Aelurodon'' (''A. ferox'' and ''A. taxoides'') may have hunted in packs like modern [[wolf|wolves]].<ref name=Van2003>{{cite journal | author = Van Valkenburgh, B. |author2= Sacco, T.|author3= Wang, X. | year = 2003 | title = Pack hunting in Miocene borophagine dogs: evidence from craniodental morphology and body size | journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume = 279 | pages = 147–162| url =http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/VanValkenburghetal2003packhunting.pdf | accessdate = 2008-05-02|format=PDF | doi = 10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0147:C>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>
''Aelurodon'' are a part of a [[clade]] of [[canids]] loosely known as "bone-crushing" or "hyena-like" dogs, that apparently descended from the earlier genera ''[[Protomarctus]]'' and ''[[Tomarctus]]''.<ref name="two"/> Several species are known from fossils found in the central and western U.S., suggesting a wide geographic range during their peak in the [[Miocene]] epoch.<ref name=Berkeley>{{cite web|url=http://bnhm.berkeley.edu/browse/vertebrates_Mammalia_Carnivora_Canidae_Aelurodon_all.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-04-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718011855/http://bnhm.berkeley.edu/browse/vertebrates_Mammalia_Carnivora_Canidae_Aelurodon_all.php |archivedate=2011-07-18 |df= }} List of ''Aelurodon'' specimens from the Berkeley Natural History Museum. (Accessed 4/11/06)</ref><ref name="two"/> Large species of ''Aelurodon'' (''A. ferox'' and ''A. taxoides'') may have hunted in packs like modern [[wolf|wolves]].<ref name=Van2003>{{cite journal | author = Van Valkenburgh, B. |author2= Sacco, T.|author3= Wang, X. | year = 2003 | title = Pack hunting in Miocene borophagine dogs: evidence from craniodental morphology and body size | journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume = 279 | pages = 147–162| url =http://www.nhm.org/expeditions/rrc/wang/documents/VanValkenburghetal2003packhunting.pdf | accessdate = 2008-05-02|format=PDF | doi = 10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0147:C>2.0.CO;2}}</ref>


The evolution of ''Aelurodon'' is characterized by the progressive development of teeth adapted to a more [[hypercarnivore|hypercarnivorous]] diet, a trend consistent with other borophagines.<ref name="two"/> The earliest occurrence of the genus is ''A. asthenostylus'' dating from 16{{ndash}}{{val|14|ul=Ma}}. This species then gives rise to two different [[anagenetic]] clades around 15 Ma. One compromises the species ''A. montaneis'', ''A. mcgrewi'' and ''A. stirtoni'', going extinct around 12 Ma. The other clade persists until {{val|5.3|u=Ma}} and includes ''A. ferox'' and ''A. taxoides''. ''A. taxoides'' is the most derived and largest species in ''Aelurodon''.<ref name=Wangetal/><ref name="two"/>
The evolution of ''Aelurodon'' is characterized by the progressive development of teeth adapted to a more [[hypercarnivore|hypercarnivorous]] diet, a trend consistent with other borophagines.<ref name="two"/> The earliest occurrence of the genus is ''A. asthenostylus'' dating from 16{{ndash}}{{val|14|ul=Ma}}. This species then gives rise to two different [[anagenetic]] clades around 15 Ma. One compromises the species ''A. montaneis'', ''A. mcgrewi'' and ''A. stirtoni'', going extinct around 12 Ma. The other clade persists until {{val|5.3|u=Ma}} and includes ''A. ferox'' and ''A. taxoides''. ''A. taxoides'' is the most derived and largest species in ''Aelurodon''.<ref name=Wangetal/><ref name="two"/>

Revision as of 23:08, 4 October 2016

Aelurodon
Temporal range: Middle Miocene–Late Miocene
Skull of Aelurodon taxoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Family:
Canidae
Subfamily:
†Borophaginae
Genus:
†Aelurodon

Leidy, 1858
Type species
†Aelurodon ferox
Species[1][2]
  • †A. asthenostylus
  • †A. ferox
  • †A. mcgrewi
  • †A. montanensis
  • †A. stirtoni
  • †A. taxoides
Synonyms
  • Prohyaena Schlosser, 1890
  • Strobodon Webb, 1969

Aelurodon is an extinct canine genus of the subfamily Borophaginae which lived from the Barstovian land mammal age (16 mya) of the middle Miocene to the late Miocene (5.332 mya).[2] [3] Aelurodon existed for approximately 10.7 million years.

Description

Aelurodon are a part of a clade of canids loosely known as "bone-crushing" or "hyena-like" dogs, that apparently descended from the earlier genera Protomarctus and Tomarctus.[2] Several species are known from fossils found in the central and western U.S., suggesting a wide geographic range during their peak in the Miocene epoch.[4][2] Large species of Aelurodon (A. ferox and A. taxoides) may have hunted in packs like modern wolves.[5]

The evolution of Aelurodon is characterized by the progressive development of teeth adapted to a more hypercarnivorous diet, a trend consistent with other borophagines.[2] The earliest occurrence of the genus is A. asthenostylus dating from 16–14 Ma. This species then gives rise to two different anagenetic clades around 15 Ma. One compromises the species A. montaneis, A. mcgrewi and A. stirtoni, going extinct around 12 Ma. The other clade persists until 5.3 Ma and includes A. ferox and A. taxoides. A. taxoides is the most derived and largest species in Aelurodon.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ a b Wang, Xiaoming; Richard Tedford; Beryl Taylor (1999-11-17). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 243: 1–391. hdl:2246/1588. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-08. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Wang, Xiaoming; Benjamin Wideman; Ralph Nichols; Debra Hanneman (June 2004). "A new species of Aelurodon (Carnivora, Canidae) from the Barstovian of Montana" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (2): 445–452. doi:10.1671/2493. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 16, 2008. Retrieved 2015-04-14. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ Aelurodon, Age Range and Collections, PaleoBiology Database yu
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2006-04-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) List of Aelurodon specimens from the Berkeley Natural History Museum. (Accessed 4/11/06)
  5. ^ Van Valkenburgh, B.; Sacco, T.; Wang, X. (2003). "Pack hunting in Miocene borophagine dogs: evidence from craniodental morphology and body size" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 279: 147–162. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0147:C>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2008-05-02.

Additional Reading

  • Xiaoming Wang, Richard H. Tedford, Mauricio Antón, Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History, New York : Columbia University Press, 2008; ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3
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