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{{Infobox diacritic|char={{lang|hi|ऽ}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
|name= |unicode=}}
⚫
'''Avagraha''' ('''{{lang|sa|ऽ}}''') is a symbol used to indicate [[prodelision]] of an {{lang|sa|अ}} ''({{IAST|a}})'' in many Indian languages like Sanskrit as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the [[Sanskrit]] philosophical expression {{lang|sa|शिवोऽहम्}} ''{{IAST|Śivo'ham}}'' (''{{IAST|Śivaḥ aham}}''), which is a [[sandhi]] of ({{lang|sa|शिवः}} + {{lang|sa|अहम्}}) ‘I am [[Shiva]]’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example [[Hindi]] {{lang|hi|माँऽऽऽ!}} for ‘Mā̃ā̃ā̃ā̃!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as {{lang|hi|कूऽल}}. {{citation needed|date=February 2023}}


⚫
In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in [[Sanskrit prosody|metrical poetry]]. For example, the syllables in the word {{lang|sa|छंदः}} ''{{IAST|chandaḥ}}'' ‘metre’ (in [[nominative]]) can be denoted as "{{lang|sa|ऽऽ}}", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "[[Systems of scansion]]".)
⚫
'''Avagraha''' ('''{{lang|sa|ऽ}}''') is a symbol used to indicate [[prodelision]] of an {{lang|sa|अ}} ''{{IAST|a}}'' in many Indian languages as shown below. It is usually transliterated with apostrophe in roman script, in case of Devanagari, as in the [[Sanskrit]] philosophical expression {{lang|sa|शिवोऽहम्}} ''{{IAST|Śivo’ham}}'' (''{{IAST|Śivaḥ aham}}''), which is a [[sandhi]] of ({{lang|sa|शिवः}} + {{lang|sa|अहम्}}) ‘I am [[Shiva]]’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example [[Hindi]] {{lang|hi|माँऽऽऽ!}} for ‘Mãããã!’ when calling to one’s mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as {{lang|hi|कूऽल}}.

⚫
In case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in [[Sanskrit prosody|metrical poetry]]. For example, the syllables in the word {{lang|sa|छंदः}} ''{{IAST|chandaḥ}}'' ‘metre’ (in [[nominative]]) can be denoted as "{{lang|sa|ऽ ऽ}}", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "[[Systems of scansion]]".)


==Avagraha in Unicode==
==Avagraha in Unicode==
The avagraha symbol is encoded at several [[Unicode]] points, for various [[Brahmic scripts]] that use it.<ref>{{citation |title=Devanagari |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Bengali |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Oriya(Odia) |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Telugu |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Malayalam |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Tibetan |publisher=Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0F00.pdf}}</ref>
The avagraha symbol is encoded at several [[Unicode]] points, for various [[Indic script]]s that use it:

{| border="1" class="wikitable"
{| border="1" class="wikitable"
|+ Avagraha characters in Unicode
|+ Avagraha characters in Unicode
! Character !! Unicode Character Number !! Full Unicode Name
! Character !! Unicode character number !! Full Unicode name
|-
|-
|ऽ || U+093D || [[Devanagari alphabet|Devanagari]] sign avagraha
|ऽ || U+093D || [[Devanagari alphabet|Devanagari]] sign avagraha
Line 21: Line 22:
|ઽ || U+0ABD || [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]] sign avagraha
|ઽ || U+0ABD || [[Gujarati alphabet|Gujarati]] sign avagraha
|-
|-
|ଽ || U+0B3D || [[Odia alphabet|Oriya]] sign avagraha
|ଽ || U+0B3D || [[Odia alphabet|Odia]] sign avagraha
|-
|-
|ఽ || U+0C3D || [[Telugu alphabet|Telugu]] sign avagraha
|ఽ || U+0C3D || [[Telugu alphabet|Telugu]] sign avagraha
Line 32: Line 33:
|-
|-
|𑓄 || U+114C4 || [[Tirhuta alphabet|Tirhuta]] sign avagraha
|𑓄 || U+114C4 || [[Tirhuta alphabet|Tirhuta]] sign avagraha
|-
|྅ || U+0F85 || [[Tibetan script|Tibetan]] sign paluta
|-
|ៜ ‍‍|| U+17DC || [[Khmer script|Khmer]] sign avakraha
|-
|ᢅ || U+1885 || [[Mongolian script|Mongolian]] [[Galik alphabet|Galik]] sign baluda
|}
|}


==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Navbox diacritical marks}}
[[Category:Brahmic diacritics]]
[[Category:Brahmic diacritics]]


Latest revision as of 20:18, 17 January 2024

ऽ
Avagraha

Avagraha (ऽ) is a symbol used to indicate prodelision of an अ (a) in many Indian languages like Sanskrit as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the Sanskrit philosophical expression शिवोऽहम् Śivo'ham (Śivaḥ aham), which is a sandhi of (शिवः + अहम्) ‘I am Shiva’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example Hindi माँऽऽऽ! for ‘Mā̃ā̃ā̃ā̃!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as कूऽल. [citation needed]

In the case of Hindi, the character is also sometimes used as a symbol to denote long or heavy syllables, in metrical poetry. For example, the syllables in the word छंदः chandaḥ ‘metre’ (in nominative) can be denoted as "ऽऽ", meaning two long syllables. (Cf. other notations in entry "Systems of scansion".)

Avagraha in Unicode[edit]

The avagraha symbol is encoded at several Unicode points, for various Brahmic scripts that use it.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Avagraha characters in Unicode
Character Unicode character number Full Unicode name
ऽ U+093D Devanagari sign avagraha
꣱ U+A8F1 Combining Devanagari sign avagraha
ꣷ U+A8F7 Devanagari sign candrabindu avagraha
ঽ U+09BD Bengali sign avagraha
ઽ U+0ABD Gujarati sign avagraha
ଽ U+0B3D Odia sign avagraha
ఽ U+0C3D Telugu sign avagraha
ಽ U+0CBD Kannada sign avagraha
ഽ U+0D3D Malayalam sign avagraha
ᮺ U+1BBA Sundanese sign avagraha
𑓄 U+114C4 Tirhuta sign avagraha
྅ U+0F85 Tibetan sign paluta
ៜ ‍‍ U+17DC Khmer sign avakraha
ᢅ U+1885 Mongolian Galik sign baluda

References[edit]

  1. ^ Devanagari (PDF), Unicode
  2. ^ Bengali (PDF), Unicode
  3. ^ Oriya(Odia) (PDF), Unicode
  4. ^ Telugu (PDF), Unicode
  5. ^ Malayalam (PDF), Unicode
  6. ^ Tibetan (PDF), Unicode
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