Bowling for Columbine and Eleanor Audley: Difference between pages

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{{infobox actress
{{Infobox_Film |
|image=replace this image female.svg
name = Bowling for Columbine |
|birthdate={{birth date|1905|11|19}}
image = Bowling_for_columbine.jpg |
|birthplace=[[New York City, New York]]
caption = |
|deathdate={{death date and age|1991|11|25|1905|11|19}}
writer = Michael Moore |
|deathplace=[[North Hollywood, California]]
starring = Michael Moore<br>[[Matt Stone]]<br>[[Charlton Heston]]<br>[[Marilyn Manson]] |
|occupation=[[Radio]], [[film]], [[television|TV]], [[voice]] [[actress]]
director = [[Michael Moore]] |
producer = Michael Moore |
distributor = [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] Distribution Co. |
released = [[October 11]], [[2002]] {{USA}} |
runtime = 120 min.|
language = [[English language|English]] |
budget = $4.3 million|
music = |
amg_id = 1:262092 |
imdb_id = 0310793 |
}}
}}
'''Eleanor Audley''' ([[November 19]] [[1905]] – [[November 25]] [[1991]]) was an actress and familiar voice in radio, film, television, and animation.


Beginning as a radio actress, she worked extensively in the 1940s and 1950s in Hollywood on such shows as ''[[Escape (radio program)|Escape]]'', ''[[Suspense]],'' and the radio versions of ''[[My Favorite Husband]]'' (as mother-in-law Mrs. Cooper) and ''[[Father Knows Best]]'' (as one of the Anderson's neighbors).
'''''Bowling for Columbine''''' is a [[2002 in film|2002]] [[United States|American]] [[documentary film]] written, directed, produced by, and starring [[Michael Moore]]. It brought Moore international attention as a rising film director and won numerous awards, including the [[Academy Award for Documentary Feature|Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature]], the [[Independent Spirit Award for Best Documentary Feature]], and the [[César Award for Best Foreign Film]].<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0310793/awards] Internet Movie Database entry]</ref>


<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Maleficent.jpg|thumb|left|[[Maleficent]] in ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]''.]] -->
== Film content ==
She was perhaps best known for providing the voices for the evil stepmother [[Lady Tremaine]] in the Disney animated film ''[[Cinderella (1950 film)|Cinderella]]'' and the wicked fairy [[Maleficent]] in the Disney animated film ''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 film)|Sleeping Beauty]]''. Animator [[Marc Davis]] created the characters' facial features to resemble Audley. She also provided the voice of Madame Leota in the [[Haunted Mansion]] attractions in [[Disneyland]] and [[Walt Disney World]].
The film explores what Moore suggests are the causes for the [[Columbine High School massacre]] and other acts of [[violence]] with [[gun]]s. Moore focuses on the background and environment in which the massacre took place and some common public opinions and assumptions about related issues. The film looks into the nature of violence in the [[United States]].


Her many roles in [[Film|movies]] and on [[television]] in the 1950s and 1960s made her a very recognizable character actress. One notable running role was that of [[Oliver Wendell Douglas|Oliver Douglas]]'s mother Eunice in the ''[[Green Acres]]'' sitcom that aired on [[CBS]] from 1965 until 1971. She played the role of Milicent Schuyler-Potts, the Headmistress of the Potts School, that Jethro Bodine attended in the TV [[sitcom]], [[The Beverly Hillbillies]]. She also played numerous bit parts, including ''[[I Love Lucy]]'' and ''[[Perry Mason (TV series)|Perry Mason]]'' in the 1950s and 1960s.
In Moore's discussions with various people &ndash; including ''[[South Park]]'' co-creator [[Matt Stone]], the [[National Rifle Association]]'s then-president [[Charlton Heston]], and musician [[Marilyn Manson]] &ndash; he seeks to explain why the Columbine massacre occurred and why the United States has a high violent crime rate (especially crimes involving guns), and promotes the [[Gun violence in the United States|fact]] that such crime in the U.S. is relatively higher than in other developed nations.


Audley died of [[respiratory failure]] on [[November 25]],[[1991]], in [[North Hollywood]], [[California]]. She is interred at [[Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery]].
===Bowling===
and allard is gay
The film title originates from the story that [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]] &ndash; the two students responsible for the Columbine High School massacre &ndash; attended a school [[bowling]] class early that morning, at 6:00 a.m., before they committed the attacks at school starting at 11:19 a.m. Later investigation showed that this was based on mistaken recollections, and Glenn Moore of the Golden Police Department concluded that they were absent from school on the day of the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.salon.com/0001137/2005/04/16.html#a1561|title=A little unfinished business on Bowling and Columbine|first=Dave|last=Cullen|date=April 16, 2005}}. The investigator's conclusion is on page 33 of the supplied document.
See also:[http://www.boulderdailycamera.com/shooting/report/p10101-10200.pdf pages 10101-10200 of a copy of the evidence] recorded by the ''Boulder Daily Camera''</ref>

Moore incorporates the concept of bowling in other ways as well. For example, a Michigan [[militia]] uses bowling pins for their target practice. When interviewing former classmates of the two boys, Moore notes that the students took a bowling class in place of [[physical education class|physical education]]. Moore notes this might have very little educational value; the girls he interviews generally agree. They note how Harris and Klebold had a very introverted lifestyle and a very careless attitude towards the game, and that nobody thought twice about it. Moore asks if the school system is responding to the real needs of their students or if they are reinforcing fear. Moore also interviews two young residents of [[Oscoda, Michigan]], in a local bowling alley, and learns that guns are relatively easy to come by in the small town. Eric Harris spent some of his early years in Oscoda while his father was serving in the [[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]].

Moore suggests sarcastically that bowling could have been just as responsible for the attacks on the school as [[Marilyn Manson]] or even [[Bill Clinton]], who launched bombing attacks on several countries around that time.<ref>[http://www.slate.com/id/2094210/ Wesley & Me] ([http://www.slate.com/ Slate Magazine])</ref>

===Free gun for opening a bank account===
[[Image:Bowling4columbine.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Michael Moore upon receiving his free gun at the bank.]]
An early scene narrates how Moore discovered a bank in Michigan that would give customers a free hunting rifle when they made a deposit of a certain size into a [[time deposit]] account. The film follows Moore as he goes to the bank, makes his deposit, fills out the forms, and awaits the result of a background check before walking out of the bank carrying a brand new [[Weatherby]] hunting rifle.

Just before leaving the bank, Moore asks if it is not dangerous to hand out guns in a bank.

=== "Happiness Is a Warm Gun" montage===
About 20 minutes into the film, the song ''[[Happiness Is a Warm Gun]]'' plays during a violent [[montage sequence|montage]] in which the following footage is shown:

*people buying guns
*residents of [[Virgin, Utah]], a town that passed a law requiring all residents to own guns
*people firing rifles at [[carnival]]s and [[shooting range]]s
*footage of [[Denise Ames]] firing an [[assault rifle]] while wearing a [[bikini]] bottom
*footage of [[Carey McWilliams (marksman)|Carey McWilliams]], a blind man who is a gun enthusiast
*footage of [[Gary Plauche]] shooting [[Jeff Doucett]], a man who had kidnapped his son and [[sexual abuse|molest]]ed him.
*the suicide of [[Budd Dwyer]]
*a 1993 murder where Emilio Nuñez shot his ex-wife [[Maritza Martin]] to death during an interview on the [[Telemundo]] program ''Ocurrio Asi''
*the suicide of [[Daniel V. Jones]]
*a man who takes his shirt off and is shot during a [[riot]]

===Weapons of mass destruction===
Early in the film, Moore links the violent behavior of the Columbine shooters to the presence in [[Littleton, Colorado|Littleton]] of a large defense establishment, manufacturing rocket technology. It is implied that the presence of this facility within the community, and the acceptance of [[structural violence|institutionalized violence]] as a solution to conflict, contributed to the mindset that led to the massacre.

Moore conducts an interview with Evan McCollum, Director of Communications at a [[Lockheed Martin]] plant near Columbine, and asks him:
:"So you don't think our kids say to themselves, 'Dad goes off to the factory every day, he builds missiles of [[weapon of mass destruction|mass destruction]]. What's the difference between that mass destruction and the mass destruction over at Columbine High School?'"
McCollum responded:
:"I guess I don't see that specific connection because the missiles that you're talking about were built and designed to defend us from somebody else who would be aggressors against us."

=== "What a Wonderful World" montage===
The film then cuts to a [[Montage sequence|montage]] of American [[foreign policy]] decisions, with the intent to contradict McCollum's statement by citing examples of how the United States has frequently been the aggressor nation. This montage is set to the song "[[What a Wonderful World]]" performed by [[Louis Armstrong]].

The following is an exact transcript of the onscreen text in the ''Wonderful World'' segment:

#1953: U.S. [[Mohammed Mosaddeq#Plot to depose Mosaddeq|overthrows]] [[Prime Minister of Iran|Prime Minister]] [[Mohammed Mosaddeq]] of [[Iran]]. U.S. installs [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|Shah]] as dictator.
#1954: U.S. [[1954 Guatemalan coup d'état|overthrows]] democratically-elected [[president of Guatemala|President]] [[Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán|Arbenz]] of [[Guatemala]]. 200,000 civilians killed.
#1963: U.S. backs assassination of [[South Vietnam]]ese [[Leaders of South Vietnam|President]] [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Diem]].
#1963-1975: [[Military of the United States|American military]] kills 4 million people in [[Southeast Asia]].
#[[September 11]] [[1973]]: U.S. stages [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|coup]] in [[Chile]]. Democratically-elected President [[Salvador Allende]] [[Death of Salvador Allende|assassinated]]. Dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]] installed. [[Chile under Pinochet|5,000 Chileans murdered]].''
#1977: U.S. backs military rulers of [[El Salvador]]. [[History of El Salvador#From Military to Civilian Rule|70,000 Salvadorans and four American nuns killed]].
#1980s: U.S. trains [[Osama bin Laden]] and fellow [[Islamic terrorism|terrorists]] to kill [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]s. CIA gives them $3 billion.
#1981: [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration trains and funds "[[contras]]." 30,000 [[Nicaragua]]ns die.
#1982: U.S. provides billions of dollars in aid to [[Saddam Hussein]] for weapons to kill Iranians.
#1983: The [[White House]] secretly gives Iran [[Iran-Contra affair|weapons]] to kill [[Iraq]]is.
#1989: CIA agent [[Manuel Noriega]] (also serving as [[List of Heads of State of Panama|President of Panama]]) disobeys orders from Washington. U.S. invades Panama and removes Noriega. 3,000 Panamanian civilian casualties.
#1990: Iraq invades [[Kuwait]] with weapons from U.S.
#1991: [[Gulf War|U.S. enters Iraq]]. Bush reinstates dictator of Kuwait.
#1998: [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] bombs [[Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory|"weapons factory"]] in [[Sudan]]. Factory turns out to be making [[aspirin]].
#1991 to present: American planes bomb Iraq on a weekly basis. [[United Nations|U.N.]] estimates 500,000 Iraqi children die from bombing and sanctions.
#2000-2001: U.S. gives [[Taliban]]-ruled [[Afghanistan]] $245 million in "aid."
#[[September 11, 2001 attacks|Sept. 11, 2001]]: [[Osama bin Laden]] uses his expert [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] training to murder 3,000 people.

On the website accompanying the film, Moore provides additional background information.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.michaelmoore.com/books-films/bowlingforcolumbine/library/wonderful/index.php |title=Bowling for Columbine : Library : What a Wonderful World|publisher=MichaelMoore.com}}</ref>

===Climate of fear===
Moore attempts to contrast this with the attitude prevailing in [[Canada]], where (he states) gun ownership is at similar levels to the U.S. He illustrates his thesis by visiting neighborhoods in Canada near the [[Canada – United States border|Canada-U.S. border]], where he finds front doors unlocked and much less concern over crime and [[security]].

In this section, a montage of possible causes for gun violence are stated by television persona. Many claim links with violence in television, cinema, and [[personal computer game|computer games]]; towards the end of the montage, however, a series of statements all claim Marilyn Manson's responsibility. Following this is an interview between Moore and Marilyn Manson. Manson shares his ideas about America's climate with Moore, stating that he believes U.S. society is based on "fear and consumption", citing [[Colgate-Palmolive|Colgate]] commercials that promise "if you have bad breath, [people] are not going to talk to you" and other commercials containing fear-based messages ("if you have pimples, the girls [are] not going to fuck you"). When Moore asks Manson what he would say to the killers if he could have spoken to them on the day of the shooting, Manson replies, "I wouldn't say a single word to them; I would listen to what they have to say, and that's what no one did."

===K-Mart refund===
Moore takes two Columbine victims to the American superstore [[Kmart|K-Mart]] headquarters in [[Troy, Michigan]], ostensibly to claim a refund on the bullets still lodged in their bodies. After a number of attempts to evade the issue, a K-Mart spokesperson says that the firm will change its policy and phase out the sale of handgun ammunition; this comes after Moore and the victims go to the nearest K-Mart store, purchase all of their ammunition, and return the next day with several members of the media. "We've won," says Moore, in disbelief. "That was more than we asked for."

==Reception==
Reviews for the film were overwhelmingly positive, with a 96% rating on [http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bowling_for_columbine/?critic=columns rottentomatoes.com], thus earning a "certified fresh" award. Michael Wilmington of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' wrote, "It's unnerving, stimulating, likely to provoke anger and sorrow on both political sides&mdash;and, above all, it's extremely funny."<ref>[http://www.bowlingforcolumbine.com/reviews/2002-10-18-metromix.php Bowling for Columbine : Reviews & Acclaim : Articles & Press<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Some reviews were not as unequivocally glowing. A.O. Scott of the ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' warned, "The slippery logic, tendentious grandstanding, and outright [[demagogy|demagogue]]ry on display in ''Bowling for Columbine'' should be enough to give pause to its most ardent partisans, while its disquieting insights into the culture of violence in America should occasion sober reflection from those who would prefer to stop their ears."<ref>[http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?res=9D02EEDC173AF932A25753C1A9649C8B63]{{dead link|date=September 2008}}</ref> [[Desson Thomson]] of the ''[[The Washington Post|Washington Post]]'' thought that the film lacked a coherent message, asking "A lot of this is amusing and somehow telling. But what does it all add up to?"<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A40384-2002Oct17&notFound=true Moore Shoots Himself In the Foot (washingtonpost.com)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Specific criticisms==
===Free gun for opening a bank account===
In March 2003, [[John Fund]] reported in a ''[[The Wall Street Journal|Wall Street Journal]]'' diary page that the bank employee who handled Moore's account, Jan Jacobson, said that Moore had arranged the transaction weeks in advance, and that customers have "a week to 10 days waiting period" before collecting their guns.<ref>{{cite web | title=Unmoored From Reality | url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/diary/?id=110003233 | author=John Fund | publisher=Wall Street Journal | date=[[March 21]] [[2003]] | accessdate=2006-06-26}}</ref>

Moore later responded to these criticisms, writing, "Nothing was done out of the ordinary other than to phone ahead and ask permission to let me bring a camera in to film me opening up my account." He also states that the background check took less than ten minutes and he was handed the rifle five minutes later. Moore posted a compilation of outtakes from the documentary to support his version of events. This video shows Jacobson explaining the process to Moore, including that the rifles are held in the bank's vault.<ref name="wackoattacko">{{cite web | title=How to Deal with the Lies and the Lying Liars When They Lie about "Bowling for Columbine" | url=http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/wackoattacko/ | author=Michael Moore | date=September 2003 | accessdate=2006-06-26 }}</ref> The footage in which an employee states that the guns are stored in the bank's vault appears in televised broadcasts of the film.

===Ignoring the role of municipal governance===
''[[The American Prospect]]'' published a piece by [[Garance Franke-Ruta]] criticizing the film for ignoring the role that [[Local government|municipal governance]] plays in crime in America, and ignoring [[African American]] urban victims of violence while focusing on the unusual events of Columbine. "A decline in murders in New York City alone&mdash;from 1,927 in 1993 to 643 in 2001&mdash;had, for example, a considerable impact on the declining national rate. Not a lot of those killers or victims were the sort of sports-hunters or militiamen Moore goes out of his way to interview and make fun of."<ref>Garance Franke-Ruta, [http://www.prospect.org/webfeatures/2002/11/franke-ruta-g-11-22.html Moore's the Pity], ''[[The American Prospect]]'', November 22, 2002</ref>

=== Weapons of mass destruction ===

After the release of the film, Lockheed Martin spokesperson Evan McCollum clarified that the plant no longer produces missiles (the plant manufactured parts for [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]s with a nuclear warhead in the mid-1980s), but rockets used for launching [[satellite]]s:

<blockquote>I provided specific information to Moore about the space launch vehicles we build to launch spacecraft for NASA, NOAA, the Dept. of Defense and commercial customers, including DirecTV and EchoStar.<ref name="moller">Möller, Erik. [http://www.kuro5hin.org/print/2003/8/12/171427/607 A defense of Michael Moore and "Bowling for Columbine"] kuro5hin.org August 13, 2003.</ref></blockquote>

Erik Möller argues that Moore's question was not limited to the Littleton-area Lockheed Martin facility:

<blockquote>First, note the word "our" in Moore's question. Moore is not from Colorado -- his question is generic, not meant to refer specifically to the Lockheed Martin plant in question. ... Of course, critics [David Hardy, et al.] have conveniently ignored the fact that Lockheed Martin does supply weapons of mass destruction to the US military, and that the company is the nation's largest military contractor.<ref name="moller" /></blockquote>

{{As of|2008}}, Lockheed Martin is the world's largest defense contractor by revenue, which Moore states in the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/content/features/2005chart1.html|title=2005 Defense News Top 100|author=Defense News research}}</ref>

===Charlton Heston interview===
Moore was criticized for his perceived ambush of the actor, who at the time of the interview was old and frail and, perhaps unknown to Moore, was in the early stages of [[prostate cancer]].<ref>{{cite news|publisher=''[[The Boston Globe]]''|author=Russo, Tom|title=Opposites Attract (Bowling for Columbine review)|date=[[August 24]], [[2003]]}}</ref><ref name=Ebert>{{cite news|publisher=''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''|author=Ebert, Roger|title='9/11': Just the facts?|date=[[June 18]], [[2004]]|page=55}}"In some cases, [Moore] was guilty of making a good story better, but in other cases (such as his ambush of Charlton Heston) he was unfair..."</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://blog.nj.com/whitty/2008/04/the_best_action_hero.html#more
|title= The best action hero
|first= Stephen
|last= Whitty
|publisher=The Star-Ledger
|date=2008-04-06}}</ref>

==="What a Wonderful World"===
In the "What a Wonderful World" sequence, Moore claims that the United States trained and gave money to [[Osama bin Laden]]'s terrorist groups. The official position of the [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] is that the United States never trained, armed, or funded bin Laden, or the Arab mujahedin group of which he was a founding member, the [[Maktab al-Khidamat]], or M.A.K.<ref>[http://usinfo.state.gov/media/Archive/2005/Jan/24-318760.html The United States did not create Osama bin Laden - US Department of State<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> State Department asserts that military aid went exclusively to Afghan combatants, and that there was no relationship whatsoever with Osama bin Laden.
The bipartisan [[9/11 Commission]] concluded in chapter 2 of its final report that the CIA had little or nothing to do with bin Laden, because the CIA regarded his Arab group as having been "militarily insignificant".<ref>[[9/11 Commission]], [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Ch2.htm The Foundation of the New Terrorism]</ref> They cite a passage from [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]]'s biography ''Knights Under the Prophet's Banner'' in which Al-Zawahiri denies accepting any money from the United States.<ref>[[9/11 Commission]], [http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_Notes.htm NOTES] ''22 The Foundation of the New Terrorism'' note 23</ref>
This is not accepted universally. Former [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign Secretary]] [[Robin Cook]] believed the CIA had provided arms to the Arab mujahedin including bin Laden,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/terrorism/story/0,12780,1523838,00.html|title=The struggle against terrorism cannot be won by military means|author=Cook, Robin|publisher=Guardian Unlimited|accessdate=2005-07-08}}</ref> and in an interview with [[CNN]]'s [[Larry King]], Prince [[Bandar bin Sultan]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] divulged that Osama bin Laden was appreciative of his personal efforts in bringing the United States to Afghanistan to help him fight the Soviets.<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0110/01/lkl.00.html America's New War: Responding to Terrorism] [[CNN]] [[Larry King Live]] [[October 1]] [[2001]]</ref>

== MPAA rating ==
The film is rated "R" (restricted) by the [[Motion Picture Association of America]], which means that children under the age 17 are not able to view the film unless under supervision. Film critic [[Roger Ebert]] chastised the MPAA for this move as "banning teenagers from those films they most need to see."<ref> Ebert, Roger. [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20021018/REVIEWS/210180303/1023 Bowling For Columbine]. October 18, 2002. </ref> Ebert has criticized the MPAA rating system on past occasions.

== Awards and nominations ==
* 2002 Winner, 55th Anniversary Prize, [[Cannes Film Festival]]
* 2003 Winner, [[César Award]], Best Foreign Film
* 2003 Winner, International Documentary Association (IDA), - Best Documentary of All Time
* 2003 Winner, [[Academy Award]], Best Documentary Features

During the screening at the 2002 [[Cannes Film Festival]] the film received a 13-minute standing ovation.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0310793/trivia Bowling for Columbine (2002) - Trivia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It also won "Most Popular International Film" at the 2002 [[Vancouver International Film Festival]].

Moore was both applauded and booed at the [[Academy Award]]s on March 23, 2003 when he used his acceptance speech as an opportunity to proclaim his opposition to the United States led invasion of Iraq, which had begun just a few days prior, stating, "We do not want this war, Mr. Bush."<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxoFJpJ3_fM YouTube - Broadcast Yourself<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

== Gross income ==
With a budget of only $4,000,000, ''Bowling for Columbine'' grossed $58,000,000 worldwide, including $21,576,018 in the United States.<ref>In nominal dollars, from 1982 to the present.</ref> The documentary also broke box office records internationally, becoming the highest-grossing documentary in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Australia]], and [[Austria]]. These records were later eclipsed by another Moore documentary, ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]''.<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/genres/chart/?id=documentary.htm Documentary Movies<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==See also==
* Moore's other documentaries:
** ''[[Roger & Me]]''
** ''[[The Big One (film)|The Big One]]''
** ''[[Fahrenheit 9/11]]''
** ''[[Sicko]]''
* [[List of documentaries]]
* [[Columbine High School massacre]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{imdb name|id=0041598|name=Eleanor Audley}}
* [http://www.bowlingforcolumbine.com Official site]
*{{amg name|2:2804}}
**''Bowling for Columbine'' [http://www.bowlingforcolumbine.com/library/index.php library] and [http://www.michaelmoore.com/words/wackoattacko/ sources]
*{{imdb title|id=0310793|title=Bowling for Columbine}}
*{{voice actor|id=1349|name=Eleanor Audley}}
*{{findagrave|6256231}}
* [http://www.uncjin.org/Statistics/firearms/index.htm United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation] Country-by-country statistics
* [http://www.webcitation.org/5YAIv8uxD Banks use gifts to target depositors] original report from ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''
*[http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/1209/059.html?_requestid=2372 "Bowl-o-Drama"] ''[[Forbes|Forbes Magazine]]'' charges that several claims in the film are misleading
* [http://www.hardylaw.net/Truth_About_Bowling.html "The Truth About Bowling for Columbine: Documentary or Fiction?"] by [[David T. Hardy|David Hardy]]
** [http://www.kuro5hin.org/print/2003/8/12/171427/607 "A defense of Michael Moore and ''Bowling for Columbine''"]. An open letter to David Hardy by [[Erik Möller]]

{{start box}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box
| title=[[Academy Award for Documentary Feature]]
| years=2002
| before=''[[Murder on a Sunday Morning]]''
| after=''[[The Fog of War]]''}}
{{end}}


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[[Category:Films directed by Michael Moore]]
[[Category:Gun politics in the United States]]
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Revision as of 11:49, 11 October 2008

Eleanor Audley
Occupation(s)Radio, film, TV, voice actress

Eleanor Audley (November 19 1905 – November 25 1991) was an actress and familiar voice in radio, film, television, and animation.

Beginning as a radio actress, she worked extensively in the 1940s and 1950s in Hollywood on such shows as Escape, Suspense, and the radio versions of My Favorite Husband (as mother-in-law Mrs. Cooper) and Father Knows Best (as one of the Anderson's neighbors).

She was perhaps best known for providing the voices for the evil stepmother Lady Tremaine in the Disney animated film Cinderella and the wicked fairy Maleficent in the Disney animated film Sleeping Beauty. Animator Marc Davis created the characters' facial features to resemble Audley. She also provided the voice of Madame Leota in the Haunted Mansion attractions in Disneyland and Walt Disney World.

Her many roles in movies and on television in the 1950s and 1960s made her a very recognizable character actress. One notable running role was that of Oliver Douglas's mother Eunice in the Green Acres sitcom that aired on CBS from 1965 until 1971. She played the role of Milicent Schuyler-Potts, the Headmistress of the Potts School, that Jethro Bodine attended in the TV sitcom, The Beverly Hillbillies. She also played numerous bit parts, including I Love Lucy and Perry Mason in the 1950s and 1960s.

Audley died of respiratory failure on November 25,1991, in North Hollywood, California. She is interred at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery.

External links

{{subst:#if:Audley, Eleanor|}} [[Category:{{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1905}} 

|| UNKNOWN | MISSING = Year of birth missing {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1991}}||LIVING=(living people)}}
| #default = 1905 births

}}]] {{subst:#switch:{{subst:uc:1991}} 

|| LIVING  = 
| MISSING  = 
| UNKNOWN  = 
| #default =

}}

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