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[[File:Territorial expansion during the reign of Khan Krum (803-814).png|thumb|Braničevci location during [[First Bulgarian Empire]] Khan [[Krum]] territorial expansion.]] |
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The '''Braničevci''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Браничевци}}) was an early medieval Slavic tribe that inhabited the region of [[Braničevo (region)|Braničevo]], in what is today [[Serbia]], in the early 9th century. Their ethnonym is Slavic, derived from ''braniti se'' ("to defend"); [[Proto-Slavic]] *''borniti'', related to ''bòriti se'' ("to fight, struggle"). [[Al Masudi]] mentions them as ''Branicabin''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Biblioteka Przegl̨adu zachodniego|issue=3-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSQ7AQAAIAAJ|year=1948|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|page=113|quote=M a s u d i'm: streszczanie, opuszczanie lazw (Noe, imiona książąt, plemiona: Manabin i Branicabin) i ...}}</ref> [[Ferdo Šišić]] called the Braničevci and [[Timočani]] "Dacian-Slavic tribes" (dačko-slovenska plemena). They were conquered by the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian]] Khan [[Krum]] in 805 AD together with the [[Timočani]] and [[Obodrites]].{{cn|date=December 2015}} The Khan annexed the territories that would serve as a frontier to [[Raška (region)|Rascia]] and the [[Franks]], he replaced their leaders with Bulgarian administrators.<ref>{{cite book|title=Études Historiques|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SaniAAAAMAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Académie des sciences de Bulgarie, Institut d'histoire}}{{page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2012}} In 818 during the rule of [[Omurtag of Bulgaria|Omurtag]] (814-836) Braničevci, together with other tribes of the frontier, revolted because of an administrative reform that deprived them of much of their local authority and seceded from Bulgaria.<ref>{{cite book|title=The South Slav Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDlpAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Dositey Obradovich Circle.}}{{page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref> They came under [[Franks|Frankish]] rule in 822. Timok and Branicevo would be of dispute between the Franks and Bulgars, the Khan sent embassies in 824 and 826 seeking to settle the border dispute, but was neglected.<ref>{{cite book|title=Etudes Historiques|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WlY8AAAAIAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Académie des sciences de Bulgarie, Institut d'histoire}}{{page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2012}}<ref name="Fine1991">{{cite book|author=John Van Antwerp Fine|title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbS9QmwDC58C|year=1991|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-08149-3}}{{page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=May 2012}} [[Pavel Jozef Šafařik]] connected them to the [[Praedenecenti]] mentioned in the ''[[Royal Frankish Annals]]''<ref name="Šafařík1837">{{cite book|author=Pavel Jozef Šafařík|title=Slowanské Starožitnosti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5NeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA612|year=1837|publisher=tiskem J. Spurného|pages=612–}}</ref> in 822–824. |
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The '''Braničevci''' (also '''Branichevci''' or '''Branichevtsi'''; {{lang-sr-cyr|Браничевци}}) were a [[List of medieval Slavic peoples and tribes|South Slavic tribe]] that inhabited the region of [[Braničevo (region)|Braničevo]], in what is today [[Serbia]], during the [[Middle Ages]]. |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of Medieval Slavic tribes]] |
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Initially subjects of the [[Pannonian Avars]] with the arrival of the [[Bulgars]] came under Bulgarian control in the late 7th century, but for a good period of time between the mid-8th and early 9th century local Slavs lived in anarchy until around 805 when the area was reconquered and reimposed control by the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] Khan [[Krum]] defeating in the process the remains of the [[Avar Khaganate]].<ref name="RonaTas">{{Cite book | author=András Róna-Tas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQi4AAAAIAAJ |title = Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History |year = 1999 |publisher = Central European University Press |pages=242|isbn = 9789639116481}}</ref><ref name="Daskalov"/> The annexed territories would serve as a frontier to [[Franks]] who also exerted control in [[Slavs in Lower Pannonia|Lower Pannonia]].<ref name="Daskalov"/><ref name="Hupchick">{{cite book|author=Dennis P. Hupchick|title=The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa4sDwAAQBAJ|year=2017|publisher=Springer|pages=124–125|isbn=9783319562063}}</ref> |
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*[[Braničevo (region)]] |
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In 818 during the rule of [[Omurtag of Bulgaria|Omurtag]] (814-836) Braničevci, together with other tribes of [[Timočani]] and [[Praedenecenti|Abodrites]] of the Northwestern Bulgarian frontier, revolted because of administrative reform of centralization started by Krum and continued by Omurtag that deprived them of much of their local authority, increased their tribute and conscription, inciting them to desertion and ask protection from the Frankish ruler [[Louis the Pious]].<ref name="Hupchick"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov|title=How the Bulgarian State was Founded|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0zwMAQAAMAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Sofia Press|pages=44–45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=|title=Scholar, Patriot, Mentor: Historical Essays in Honor of Dimitrije Djordjević|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDJpAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=East European Monographs|page=44|isbn=9780880332170}}</ref><ref name="Daskalov">{{cite book|author=Roumen Daskalov|title=Master Narratives of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMZAEAAAQBAJ|year=2021|publisher=BRILL|pages=74, 119–120|isbn=9789004464872}}</ref> The area would be of a dispute between the Franks and Bulgars as Omurtag sent embassies in 824 and 826 seeking to settle the border dispute, but was neglected. They were eventually reconquered in 827 when Omurtag militarily advanced and imposed new local Bulgarian chieftains meeting little resistance.<ref name="Hupchick"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Roumen Daskalov|title=Master Narratives of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMZAEAAAQBAJ|year=2021|publisher=BRILL|pages=74, 119–120|isbn=9789004464872}}</ref> |
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Some researchers connect them to the [[Praedenecenti]] mentioned in the ''[[Royal Frankish Annals]]'' in 822–824.<ref>{{cite book |last=Georgiev |first=Pavel |editor1-last=Doncheva-Petkova |editor1-first=Lyudmila |editor2-last=Balogh |editor2-first=Csilla |editor3-last=Türk |editor3-first=Attila |title=Avars, Bulgars and Magyars on the Middle and Lower Danube |publisher=Archaeolingua |year=2014 |pages=107–124 |chapter=The Abodriti-Praedenecenti between the Tisza and the Danube in the 9th Century |isbn=978-963-9911-55-0}}</ref> The [[Arab]] geographer [[al-Masʿūdī]] possibly mention them as ''Barānījābīn'' in a list of Slavic tribes after the [[Moravians]] (''Murāwa''), [[Croats]] (''Kharwātīn''), [[Saxons]] or [[Czechs]] (''Sāsīn'') and [[Kashubians]] or [[Guduscani]] (''Khashānīn'').<ref name="Fadlan2012">{{cite book|last=Faḍlān|first=Aḥmad Ibn|authorlink=Ahmad ibn Fadlan|title=Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North|url=https://archive.org/details/IbnFadlanAndTheLandOfDarknessArabTravellersInTheFarNorthPenguinClassicsCopie/page/n127/mode/2up?q=sarbin|year=2012|publisher=Penguin|translator-last1=Lunde|translator-first1=Paul|translator-last2=Stone|translator-first2=Caroline|isbn=978-0-14-045507-6|pages=128, 200}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Slavic ethnic groups (VII-XII century)}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Branicevci}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Branicevci}} |
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[[Category:South Slavic tribes]] |
[[Category:South Slavic tribes]] |
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[[Category:History of the Serbs]] |
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[[Category:9th century in Serbia]] |
[[Category:9th century in Serbia]] |
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[[Category:First Bulgarian Empire]] |
[[Category:First Bulgarian Empire]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:40, 18 January 2022
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The Braničevci (also Branichevci or Branichevtsi; Serbian Cyrillic: Браничевци) were a South Slavic tribe that inhabited the region of Braničevo, in what is today Serbia, during the Middle Ages.
Initially subjects of the Pannonian Avars with the arrival of the Bulgars came under Bulgarian control in the late 7th century, but for a good period of time between the mid-8th and early 9th century local Slavs lived in anarchy until around 805 when the area was reconquered and reimposed control by the First Bulgarian Empire Khan Krum defeating in the process the remains of the Avar Khaganate.[1][2] The annexed territories would serve as a frontier to Franks who also exerted control in Lower Pannonia.[2][3]
In 818 during the rule of Omurtag (814-836) Braničevci, together with other tribes of Timočani and Abodrites of the Northwestern Bulgarian frontier, revolted because of administrative reform of centralization started by Krum and continued by Omurtag that deprived them of much of their local authority, increased their tribute and conscription, inciting them to desertion and ask protection from the Frankish ruler Louis the Pious.[3][4][5][2] The area would be of a dispute between the Franks and Bulgars as Omurtag sent embassies in 824 and 826 seeking to settle the border dispute, but was neglected. They were eventually reconquered in 827 when Omurtag militarily advanced and imposed new local Bulgarian chieftains meeting little resistance.[3][6]
Some researchers connect them to the Praedenecenti mentioned in the Royal Frankish Annals in 822–824.[7] The Arab geographer al-Masʿūdī possibly mention them as Barānījābīn in a list of Slavic tribes after the Moravians (Murāwa), Croats (Kharwātīn), Saxons or Czechs (Sāsīn) and Kashubians or Guduscani (Khashānīn).[8]
References[edit]
- ^ András Róna-Tas (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History. Central European University Press. p. 242. ISBN 9789639116481.
- ^ a b c Roumen Daskalov (2021). Master Narratives of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria. BRILL. pp. 74, 119–120. ISBN 9789004464872.
- ^ a b c Dennis P. Hupchick (2017). The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies. Springer. pp. 124–125. ISBN 9783319562063.
- ^ Dimitŭr Simeonov Angelov (1976). How the Bulgarian State was Founded. Sofia Press. pp. 44–45.
- ^ Scholar, Patriot, Mentor: Historical Essays in Honor of Dimitrije Djordjević. East European Monographs. 1992. p. 44. ISBN 9780880332170.
- ^ Roumen Daskalov (2021). Master Narratives of the Middle Ages in Bulgaria. BRILL. pp. 74, 119–120. ISBN 9789004464872.
- ^ Georgiev, Pavel (2014). "The Abodriti-Praedenecenti between the Tisza and the Danube in the 9th Century". In Doncheva-Petkova, Lyudmila; Balogh, Csilla; Türk, Attila (eds.). Avars, Bulgars and Magyars on the Middle and Lower Danube. Archaeolingua. pp. 107–124. ISBN 978-963-9911-55-0.
- ^ Faḍlān, Aḥmad Ibn (2012). Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North. Translated by Lunde, Paul; Stone, Caroline. Penguin. pp. 128, 200. ISBN 978-0-14-045507-6.