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[[Image:Orlando Jewitt00.jpg|thumb|<center>St Andrew’s Church, Headington (1842)</center>]]
{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}}
[[Image:Orlando Jewitt06a.jpg|thumb|<center>The Library from [[Exeter College, Oxford|Exeter College Garden, Oxford]] (1837)
{{ecommerce}}
</center>]]
'''Online banking''' (or '''Internet banking''') allows customers to conduct financial transactions on a secure website operated by their retail or [[virtual bank|virtual]] [[bank]], [[credit union]] or [[building society]].
[[Image:Vertigo substriata by Jewitt.jpg|thumb|engraving of ''[[Vertigo substriata]]'' from 1863 ''The land and freshwater mollusks indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles'']]
'''Thomas Orlando Sheldon Jewitt''' (1799 [[Buxton]], [[Derbyshire]] – [[30 May]] [[1869]] Camden Square, [[London]]), was an English architectural wood-engraver, the son of [[Arthur Jewitt]] and brother to [[Llewellyn Jewitt]].


Before modern photographic processes, wood engraving was the standard method of book illustration. Orlando Jewitt's illustrations were widely used between 1820 and 1870. Many of his engravings are still used in modern works and are frequently to be found in reference works covering architecture, archaeology, typography and natural history. He produced numerous engravings used for seals and bookplates.
==Features ==
Online banking solutions have many features and capabilities in common, but traditionally also have some that are application specific.


At the 1841 census, besides Orlando, his wife Phoebe and three children who lived at Church House, St Andrew’s Road, [[Headington]], there were also George Jewitt (a letter-press printer and Orlando’s brother) and Edward Bower (a wood-engraver and Orlando’s apprentice). <ref>[http://www.headington.org.uk/history/famous_people/jewitt.htm History of Headington, Oxford<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Orlando was considered as parish constable of Headington in 1844 and 1845, and in 1855 was Churchwarden of St Andrew’s Church.
;The common features fall broadly into several categories:
* Transactional (e.g., performing a financial transaction such as an account to account transfer, paying a bill, wire transfer... and applications... apply for a loan, new account, etc.)
** [[EBPP|Electronic bill presentment and payment - EBPP]]
** [[Giro|Funds transfer]] between a customer's own [[checking account|checking]] and [[savings account]]s, or to another customer's account
** [[Investment]] purchase or sale
** [[Loan]] applications and transactions, such as repayments


Orlando Jewitt was buried in [[Paddington]] Old Cemetery. Phoebe died on 11 March 1883.
* Non-transactional (e.g., online statements, check links, cobrowsing, chat)
** [[Bank statement]]s
* Financial Institution Administration - features allowing the financial institution to manage the online experience of their end users
* ASP/Hosting Administration - features allowing the hosting company to administer the solution across financial institutions


====Books illustrated====
;Features commonly unique to business banking include:
*''A Guide to the Architectural Antiquities in the Neighbourhood of Oxford'' (1842)- with descriptions by Orlando Jewitt
* Support of multiple users having varying levels of authority
*''Glossary of Architecture'' (Parker, archaeologist and publisher of Oxford)
* Transaction approval process
*''A Manual of British Archaeology'' (Charles Boutell, London, Lovell 1858)
* Wire transfer
*''Principles of Gothic Architecture'' (Matthew Bloxam 1829)<ref>[http://www.jowitt1.org.uk/orlando.htm Jowett Variations One Name Study: Orlando Jewitt<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
* 1863 [[Lovell Reeve]] (1814-1865), (with illustrations by [[George Brettingham Sowerby II]] and Orlando Jewitt). ''The land and freshwater mollusks indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles''. Reeve & Co., London.
*''Churches of Northamptonshire''
*''Domestic Architecture''
*''Murray's Guidebooks to the English Cathedrals''
*''Memorials of Westminster Abbey'' (Scott)
*Books on Venice and Spain (Street)


====Bibliography====
;Features commonly unique to Internet banking include:
*''The Book Illustrations of Orlando Jewitt'' (Frank Broomhead, Private Libraries Association, Pinner 1995)<ref>[http://www.plabooks.org/book41.html The Private Libraries Association Publications - ORLANDO JEWITT<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ISBN: 0900002360
* Personal financial management support, such as importing data into a personal finance program such as [[Quicken]], [[Microsoft Money]] or [[TurboTax]]. Some online banking platforms support [[account aggregation]] to allow the customers to monitor all of their accounts in one place whether they are with their main bank or with other institutions...
*''Orlando Jewitt:Wood Engraver (Harry Carter, Oxford University Press 1962)<ref>[http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?booknr=331351003 Antiquarian Books :: ILAB-LILA :: International League of Antiquarian Booksellers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==History==
====References====
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Jewitt, Orlando}}
The precursor for the modern home online banking services were the distance banking services over electronic media from the early '80s (the term online became popular in the late '80s). These services used the [[videotex]] system. In the US the first bank to offer these services did so in 1981 and by 1985 at least 37 banks offered videotex banking services. Because of the commercial failure of videotex these banking services never became popular except in France where the use of videotex ([[Minitel]]) was subsidised by the telecom provider.
[[Category:English engravers]]

[[Category:English writers]]
==Security==
[[Category:1799 births]]
[[Image:800px-Internet Banking no name.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Security token]] devices]]
[[Category:1869 deaths]]

{{UK-artist-stub}}
P [[password]] [[authentication]], as is the case in most secure Internet shopping sites, secure enough for personal online banking applications in some countries. Basically there exist two different security methods for online banking.
* The [[Personal Identification Number|PIN]]/[[Transaction_authentication_number|TAN]] system where the PIN represents a password, used for the login and TANs representing [[one-time password]]s to authenticate transactions. TANs can be distributed in different ways, the most popular one is to send a list of TANs to the online banking user by postal letter. The most secure way of using TANs is to generate them by need using a [[security token]]. These token generated TANs depend on the time and a unique secret, stored in the security token (this is called [[two-factor authentication]] or 2FA). Usually online banking with PIN/TAN is done via a web browser using SSL secured connections, so that there is no additional encryption needed.
* Signature based online banking where all transactions are signed and encrypted digitally. The Keys for the signature generation and encryption can be stored on smartcards or any memory medium, depending on the concrete implementation.

'''Attacks'''

Most of the attacks on online banking used today are based on deceiving the user to steal login data and valid TANs. Two well known examples for those attacks are [[phishing]] and [[pharming]]. [[Cross-site scripting]] and [[keylogger]]/[[Trojan horse (computing)|Trojan horses]] can also be used to steal login information.
A method to attack signature based online banking methods is to manipulate the used software in a way, that correct transactions are shown on the screen and faked transactions are signed in the background.

'''Countermeasures'''

There exist several countermeasures which try to avoid attacks. [[Digital certificates]] are used against phishing and pharming, the use of class-3 card readers is a measure to avoid manipulation of transactions by the software in signature based online banking variants. To protect their systems against Trojan horses, users should use [[virus scanners]] and be careful with downloaded software or e-mail attachments.


In 2001 the [[FFIEC]] issued guidance for multifactor authentication (MFA) and then required to be in place by the end of 2006. <ref>[http://www.ffiec.gov/ffiecinfobase/resources/info_sec/2006/occ-bul_2005-35.pdf OCC 2005-35<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

== See also==
{{wikibooks|E-Commerce and E-Business}}
*[[Current account (banking)|Current account]]
*[[Enhanced Telephone]]
*[[Guide to E-payments]]
*[[Mobile banking]]
*[[Online lenders]]
*[[On-line and off-line]]
*[[Smile Bank]]
*[[Telephone banking]]

==References==
<references/>


[[Category:Web applications]]
[[Category:Banking technology]]

[[bn:ইন্টারনেট ব্যাংকিং]]
[[bg:Електронно банкиране]]
[[cs:Internetové bankovnictví]]
[[da:Netbank]]
[[de:Electronic Banking]]
[[es:Banca online]]
[[fr:Banque électronique]]
[[ko:온라인 뱅킹]]
[[is:Heimabanki]]
[[it:Home banking]]
[[lt:Internetinė bankininkystė]]
[[nl:Internetbankieren]]
[[nds-nl:Internetbankieren]]
[[ja:インターネットバンキング]]
[[pl:Bankowość elektroniczna]]
[[pt:Banco internético]]
[[ru:Дистанционное банковское обслуживание]]
[[sv:Internetbank]]
[[zh:網路銀行]]

Revision as of 12:31, 10 October 2008

St Andrew’s Church, Headington (1842)
The Library from Exeter College Garden, Oxford (1837)
engraving of Vertigo substriata from 1863 The land and freshwater mollusks indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles

Thomas Orlando Sheldon Jewitt (1799 Buxton, Derbyshire – 30 May 1869 Camden Square, London), was an English architectural wood-engraver, the son of Arthur Jewitt and brother to Llewellyn Jewitt.

Before modern photographic processes, wood engraving was the standard method of book illustration. Orlando Jewitt's illustrations were widely used between 1820 and 1870. Many of his engravings are still used in modern works and are frequently to be found in reference works covering architecture, archaeology, typography and natural history. He produced numerous engravings used for seals and bookplates.

At the 1841 census, besides Orlando, his wife Phoebe and three children who lived at Church House, St Andrew’s Road, Headington, there were also George Jewitt (a letter-press printer and Orlando’s brother) and Edward Bower (a wood-engraver and Orlando’s apprentice). [1] Orlando was considered as parish constable of Headington in 1844 and 1845, and in 1855 was Churchwarden of St Andrew’s Church.

Orlando Jewitt was buried in Paddington Old Cemetery. Phoebe died on 11 March 1883.

Books illustrated

  • A Guide to the Architectural Antiquities in the Neighbourhood of Oxford (1842)- with descriptions by Orlando Jewitt
  • Glossary of Architecture (Parker, archaeologist and publisher of Oxford)
  • A Manual of British Archaeology (Charles Boutell, London, Lovell 1858)
  • Principles of Gothic Architecture (Matthew Bloxam 1829)[2]
  • 1863 Lovell Reeve (1814-1865), (with illustrations by George Brettingham Sowerby II and Orlando Jewitt). The land and freshwater mollusks indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles. Reeve & Co., London.
  • Churches of Northamptonshire
  • Domestic Architecture
  • Murray's Guidebooks to the English Cathedrals
  • Memorials of Westminster Abbey (Scott)
  • Books on Venice and Spain (Street)

Bibliography

  • The Book Illustrations of Orlando Jewitt (Frank Broomhead, Private Libraries Association, Pinner 1995)[3] ISBN: 0900002360
  • Orlando Jewitt:Wood Engraver (Harry Carter, Oxford University Press 1962)[4]

References

  1. ^ History of Headington, Oxford
  2. ^ Jowett Variations One Name Study: Orlando Jewitt
  3. ^ The Private Libraries Association Publications - ORLANDO JEWITT
  4. ^ Antiquarian Books :: ILAB-LILA :: International League of Antiquarian Booksellers
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