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Catechu (/ˈkætɪʃuː/ or /ˈkætɪtʃuː/)^[1] is an extract of acacia trees used variously as a food additive, astringent, tannin, and dye. It is extracted from several species of Acacia, but especially Senegalia catechu (Acacia catechu), by boiling the wood in water and evaporating the resulting brew.^[2] It is also known as cutch, black cutch, cachou, cashoo, terra Japonica, or Japan earth, and also katha in Hindi, kaat in Marathi, khaira in Odia, khoyer in Assamese and Bengali, and kachu in Malay (hence the Latinized^[3] Acacia catechu chosen as the Linnaean taxonomy name of the type-species Acacia plant which provides the extract).

Uses[edit]

As an astringent it has been used since ancient times in Ayurvedic medicine as well as in breath-freshening spice mixtures—for example in France and Italy it is used in some licorice pastilles. It is also an important ingredient in South Asian cooking paan mixtures, such as ready-made paan masala and gutka.

The catechu mixture is high in natural vegetable tannins (which accounts for its astringent effect), and may be used for the tanning of animal hides. Early research by Humphry Davy in the early 19th century first demonstrated the use of catechu in tanning over more expensive and traditional oak extracts.

Under the name cutch, it is a brown dye used for tanning and dyeing and for preserving fishing nets and sails. Cutch will dye wool, silk, and cotton a yellowish-brown. Cutch gives gray-browns with an iron mordant and olive-browns with a copper mordant.^[4]

Black catechu has recently also been used by Blavod Drinks Ltd. to dye their vodka black.^[5]

White cutch, also known as gambier, gambeer, or gambir, which is extracted from Uncaria gambir^[6] has the same uses. Palm-catechu is extracted from the seeds of Areca catechu.^[7]

Derivative chemicals[edit]

The catechu extract gave its name to the catechin and catechol chemical families first derived from it.

References[edit]

^ "catechu". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ Cutch and catechu plant origin Archived 2019-02-10 at the Wayback Machine from the Food and Agriculture Department of the United Nations. Document repository accessed November 5, 2011
^ Derivation of word from Malay
^ Goodwin, Jill (1982). A Dyer's Manual. London: Pelham Books Ltd. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7207-1327-5.
^ Valli Herman (29 October 2003). "They drink this stuff?". LA Times. Retrieved 11 March 2019. See this reference for the use of the dye in vodka
^ Tanning, Dye & Processing Materials
^ Buchheister G.A.: Handbuch der Drogisten-Praxis. Zweite Auflage, Springer, 1891, p. 322, Catechu at the Internet Archive.

External links[edit]

An OCR'd version of the US Dispensatory by Remington and Wood, 1918.

[1] "catechu". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[2] Cutch and catechu plant origin Archived 2019-02-10 at the Wayback Machine from the Food and Agriculture Department of the United Nations. Document repository accessed November 5, 2011

[3] Derivation of word from Malay

[Goodwin_(1982)-4] Goodwin, Jill (1982). A Dyer's Manual. London: Pelham Books Ltd. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-7207-1327-5.

[5] Valli Herman (29 October 2003). "They drink this stuff?". LA Times. Retrieved 11 March 2019. See this reference for the use of the dye in vodka

[6] Tanning, Dye & Processing Materials

[7] Buchheister G.A.: Handbuch der Drogisten-Praxis. Zweite Auflage, Springer, 1891, p. 322, Catechu at the Internet Archive.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Extract of acacia trees}}
 {{For|the region in India|Kutch District}}
+[[File:Catechu.jpg|thumb|Catechu]]
 [[File:Catechu nigrum2.JPG|thumb|right|150 px|Bottle of catechu]]
 [[File:Catechu nigrum1.JPG|thumb|left|200 px|Catechu]]
-'''Catechu''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ɨ|ʃ|uː}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ɨ|tʃ|uː}})<ref>{{OED|catechu}}</ref> is an extract of acacia trees used variously as a food additive, astringent, tannin, and dye.  It is extracted from several species of ''[[Acacia]]'', but especially ''[[Senegalia catechu]]'' (''Acacia catechu''), by boiling the wood in water and evaporating the resulting brew.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879E/v8879e05.htm] Cutch and catechu plant origin from the Food and Agriculture (FAO) department of the United Nations. Document repository accessed Nov. 5, 2011</ref> It is also known as '''cutch''', '''black cutch''', '''cachou''', '''cashoo''', '''khoyer''', '''terra Japonica''', or '''Japan earth''', and also '''''katha''''' in Hindi, '''''kaath''''' in Marathi, '''''khoyer''''' in [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and '''''kachu''''' in Malay (hence the Latinized <ref>http://www.yourdictionary.com/catechu Derivation of word from Malay</ref>''Acacia catechu'' chosen as the [[Linnaean taxonomy]] name of the type-species Acacia plant which provides the extract).
+'''<span lang="En" dir="rtl">Catechu</span>''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ᵻ|ʃ|uː}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|t|ᵻ|tʃ|uː}})<ref>{{OED|catechu}}</ref> is an extract of acacia trees used variously as a [[food additive]], [[astringent]], [[tannin]], and [[dye]].  It is extracted from several species of ''[[Acacia]]'', but especially ''[[Senegalia catechu]]'' (''Acacia catechu''), by boiling the wood in water and evaporating the resulting brew.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879E/v8879e05.htm Cutch and catechu plant origin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210133448/http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879e/V8879e05.htm |date=2019-02-10 }} from the Food and Agriculture Department of the United Nations. Document repository accessed November 5, 2011</ref> It is also known as '''cutch''', '''black cutch''', '''cachou''', '''cashoo''', '''terra Japonica''', or '''Japan earth''', and also {{transl|hi|italic=no|'''katha'''}} in Hindi, {{transl|mr|italic=no|'''kaat'''}} in [[Marathi language|Marathi]], {{transl|or|italic=no|'''khaira'''}} in [[Odia language|Odia]], {{transl|as|italic=no|'''khoyer'''}} in [[Assamese language|Assamese]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]], and {{transl|ms|italic=no|'''kachu'''}} in Malay (hence the Latinized<ref>[http://www.yourdictionary.com/catechu Derivation of word from Malay]</ref> ''Acacia catechu'' chosen as the [[Linnaean taxonomy]] name of the type-species Acacia plant which provides the extract).
+==Uses==
 As an [[astringent]] it has been used since ancient times in [[Ayurvedic medicine]] as well as in breath-freshening spice mixtures—for example in France and Italy it is used in some [[licorice]] [[pastilles]]. It is also an important ingredient in South Asian cooking [[paan]] mixtures, such as ready-made [[paan masala]] and [[gutka]].
-The catechu mixture is high in natural vegetable [[tannin]]s (which accounts for its astringent effect), and may be used for the [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] of animal hides. Early research by Sir [[Humphry Davy]] in the early 19th century first demonstrated the use of catechu in tanning over more expensive and traditional oak extracts.
+The catechu mixture is high in natural vegetable [[tannin]]s (which accounts for its astringent effect), and may be used for the [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] of animal hides. Early research by [[Humphry Davy]] in the early 19th century first demonstrated the use of catechu in tanning over more expensive and traditional oak extracts.
-Under the name ''cutch'', it is a brown [[dye]] used for [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] and [[dye]]ing and for preserving [[fishing net]]s and [[sail]]s.  Cutch will dye [[wool]], [[silk]], and [[cotton]] a yellowish-brown.  Cutch gives gray-browns with an [[iron]] [[mordant]] and olive-browns with a [[copper]] mordant.<ref name="Goodwin (1982)">{{cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Jill|title=A Dyer's Manual|publisher=Pelham Books Ltd.|location=London|year=1982|page=60|isbn=0-7207-1327-7}}</ref>
+Under the name ''cutch'', it is a brown dye used for [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]] and dyeing and for preserving [[fishing net]]s and [[sail]]s. Cutch will dye [[wool]], [[silk]], and [[cotton]] a yellowish-brown. Cutch gives gray-browns with an [[iron]] [[mordant]] and olive-browns with a [[copper]] mordant.<ref name="Goodwin (1982)">{{cite book|last=Goodwin|first=Jill|title=A Dyer's Manual|publisher=Pelham Books Ltd.|location=London|year=1982|page=60|isbn=978-0-7207-1327-5}}</ref>
-Black catechu has recently also been utilized by [[Blavod]] Drinks Ltd. to dye their [[vodka]] black.<ref>[http://www.blavod.com/frames/news/latimes/index.htm] See this reference for the use of the dye in vodka</ref>
+Black catechu has recently also been used by Blavod Drinks Ltd. to dye their [[vodka]] black.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/29/food/fo-black29|title=They drink this stuff?|date=29 October 2003|work=LA Times|author=Valli Herman|accessdate=11 March 2019}} See this reference for the use of the dye in vodka </ref>
-[[White cutch]], also known as gambier, gambeer, or gambir, which is extracted from ''[[Uncaria gambir]]''<ref>[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/tandye.htm Tanning, Dye & Processing Materials]</ref> has the same uses.
+[[White cutch]], also known as gambier, gambeer, or gambir, which is extracted from ''[[Uncaria gambir]]''<ref>[http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/tandye.htm Tanning, Dye & Processing Materials]</ref> has the same uses. Palm-catechu is extracted from the seeds of ''[[Areca catechu]]''.<ref>Buchheister G.A.: ''Handbuch der Drogisten-Praxis.'' Zweite Auflage, Springer, 1891, p. 322, {{IA|handbuchderdrog02buchgoog|page=337}}.</ref>
 == Derivative chemicals ==
@@ Line 22: / Line 25: @@
 ==See also==
 * [[Arid Forest Research Institute]]
-Dyes
 ==References==
@@ Line 35: / Line 37: @@
 [[Category:Plant dyes]]
 [[Category:Spices]]
+[[Category:Tannins]]
-{{alt-med-stub}}

v t e Dyeing
Techniques	Batik Dyeing Ikat Kasuri Kalamkari Katazome Leheria Mordant Reactive dye printing Resist Ring dyeing Rōketsuzome Shibori Tie-dye Tsutsugaki Yūzen
Types of dyes	Dyes Natural Acid Reactive Solvent Substantive Sulfur Vat Disperse Discharge Pigment
Traditional textile dyes	Armenian cochineal Black walnut Bloodroot Brazilin Cochineal Cudbear Cutch Dyewoods Fustic Gamboge Dyer's broom Henna Indigo Kermes Logwood Madder Polish cochineal Saffron Turmeric Tyrian purple Weld Woad
History	Use of saffron Traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands
Craft dyes	Dylon Inkodye Procion Rit
Reference	Glossary of dyeing terms List of dyes

Latest revision as of 12:22, 4 February 2024

Uses[edit]

Derivative chemicals[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]