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| occupation = Scholar, writer
| occupation = Scholar, writer
| era = [[Kangxi]] era
| era = [[Kangxi]] era
| organization = [[Hanlin Academy]]
| known_for = [[Gujin Tushu Jicheng]]
| known_for = [[Gujin Tushu Jicheng]]
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
Line 34: Line 35:


== Life ==
== Life ==
Chen Menglei was born in modern day [[Fuzhou]] in [[Houguan county]]. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), at the age of 20, he obtained his scholar degree, became a [[Jinshi]], and was selected as a scholar for the [[Hanlin Academy]]. In the 12th year of Kangxi's reign (1673), he returned to his hometown to visit his relatives, which coincided with the [[Revolt of the Three Feudatories]], and he was caught in the midst of [[Geng Jingzhong]]'s rebellion. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), in September, the Qing soldiers passed through Xianxia pass (仙霞关) to enter Fujian, and Geng Jingzhong surrendered.<ref name="王充閭2016">{{cite book |author=Wang Chonglü (王充閭) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8dcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |title=充閭文集：面對歷史的蒼茫 |date=2016-06-01 |publisher=萬卷出版公司 |isbn=978-7-5470-3945-8 |page=41 |access-date=2019-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818062118/https://books.google.com/books?id=P8dcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |archive-date=2020-08-18 |dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Fang |first=Chao-ying |title=CHEN Menglei |date=2019-10-24 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780190088019.001.0001/acref-9780190088019-e-51 |work=Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period |publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780190088019.001.0001/acref-9780190088019-e-51 |isbn=978-1-61472-033-1 |access-date=2022-04-23}} (Oxford reference)</ref>
Chen Menglei was born in modern day [[Fuzhou]] in [[Houguan county]]. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), at the age of 20, he obtained his scholar degree, became a [[Jinshi]], and was selected as a scholar for the [[Hanlin Academy]]. In the 12th year of Kangxi's reign (1673), he returned to his hometown to visit his relatives, which coincided with the [[Revolt of the Three Feudatories]], and he was caught in the midst of [[Geng Jingzhong]]'s rebellion. Chen Menglei at the time was friends with fellow writer [[Li Guangdi]]. Chen Sui (陈遂) and Li Guangdi together went to the office of Fujian chancellor [[Fu Hongji]] (富鴻基) to demonstrate their loyalty to the Qing dynasty.


In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), in September, the Qing soldiers passed through Xianxia pass (仙霞关) to enter Fujian, and Geng Jingzhong surrendered. At this time, as part of machinations by Li Guangdi, Menglei was framed and falsely accused by Xu Hongbi (徐鴻弼) from the Geng faction. Chen Menglei was mistakenly taken for Chen Fang (陳昉). But later Chen Menglei cleared his name and showed his innocence.<ref name="王充閭2016">{{cite book |author=Wang Chonglü (王充閭) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8dcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |title=充閭文集：面對歷史的蒼茫 |date=2016-06-01 |publisher=萬卷出版公司 |isbn=978-7-5470-3945-8 |page=41 |access-date=2019-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818062118/https://books.google.com/books?id=P8dcDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA41 |archive-date=2020-08-18 |dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Fang |first=Chao-ying |title=CHEN Menglei |date=2019-10-24 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780190088019.001.0001/acref-9780190088019-e-51 |work=Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period |publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780190088019.001.0001/acref-9780190088019-e-51 |isbn=978-1-61472-033-1 |access-date=2022-04-23}} (Oxford reference)</ref>
In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), Emperor Kangxi made an east tour, and Chen Menglei went to work and study with the third son of Emperor Cheng, Prince Yin Zhi. Chen Menglei's study was changed to "Songheshan Room" (松鶴山房) and he called himself "Songhe Elder" (松鶴老人).


In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), Emperor Kangxi made an east tour, and Chen Menglei went to work and study with the third son of Emperor Kangxi: Prince Cheng, [[Yunzhi, Prince Cheng|Yinzhi]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Elman |first=Benjamin A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qm57OqARqpAC&pg=PA238&lpg=PA238&dq=chen+menglei&source=bl&ots=0usJmyX_oI&sig=ACfU3U2nWwitFRVXKNklp3YV_vz0aN5XqQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi62uWIv6r3AhU0g4kEHZnwCqgQ6AF6BAgWEAM#v=onepage&q=chen%20menglei&f=false |title=On Their Own Terms: Science in China, 1550-1900 |date=2009-06-30 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03647-5 |language=en}}</ref> Chen Menglei's study was changed to "Songheshan Room" (松鶴山房) and he called himself "Songhe Elder" (松鶴老人).
⚫
During this period, in October of the 40th year of Kangxi (1701), Chen began to compile the book Tushu Huibian (图书汇编). Chen Menglei referred to the "Xieyitang" (协一堂) book collection and more than 15,000 volumes of ancient books in his own family to classify and edit the encyclopedia. After five years (1701-1705) of 'eye to eye inspection, morning and evening' (“目营手检，无间晨夕”), in May of the 44th year of Kangxi, he completed the Gujin Tushu Jicheng.

⚫
During this period, in October of the 40th year of Kangxi (1701), Chen began to compile the book, the ''Compendium'', or Tushu Huibian (图书汇编).<ref name=":1" /> Chen Menglei referred to the "Xieyitang" (协一堂) book collection and more than 15,000 volumes of ancient books in his own family to classify and edit the encyclopedia. After five years (1701-1705) of 'eye to eye inspection, morning and evening' (“目营手检，无间晨夕”), in May of the 44th year of Kangxi, he completed the Compendium.


There are 10,000 volumes of the book and 40 volumes of catalogues, with a total of 160 million words. The whole book is divided into six parts: calendar, Fang Yu, Ming theory, natural history, Neo-Confucianism, economics, etc. (历象、方舆、明论、博物、理学、经济等). Each edition is divided into several [[Codex|codices]], totaling 36 codices, and each codex is divided into cadres, totaling 6,109. There are many contents, and the classification is clear.<ref name=":0" />
There are 10,000 volumes of the book and 40 volumes of catalogues, with a total of 160 million words. The whole book is divided into six parts: calendar, Fang Yu, Ming theory, natural history, Neo-Confucianism, economics, etc. (历象、方舆、明论、博物、理学、经济等). Each edition is divided into several [[Codex|codices]], totaling 36 codices, and each codex is divided into cadres, totaling 6,109. There are many contents, and the classification is clear.<ref name=":0" />


In the 45th year of Kangxi (1706), the first draft was completed, and after the Kangxi emperor inspected it, he changed the title to the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (古今图书集成), literally a 'compilation of ancient and modern books'. When the [[Yongzheng Emperor]] ascended the throne, he ordered [[Jiang Tingxi]] to help Chen Menglei finish completing the encyclopedia. In 1934, the Zhonghua Book Company (中华书局) published copies of the encyclopedia signing Chen Menglei's name.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |author=[[Jin Changzheng]] (金常政) |url= |title=百科全书的故事 |date=2005-03 |publisher=北京图书馆出版社 |isbn=7501326231 |location=北京 |pages=42-44 |doi= |id=}}</ref>
In the 45th year of Kangxi (1706), the first draft was completed, and after the Kangxi emperor inspected it, he changed the title from Compendium to the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (古今图书集成), literally a 'compilation of ancient and modern books'. When the [[Yongzheng Emperor]] ascended the throne, he ordered [[Jiang Tingxi]] to help Chen Menglei finish completing the encyclopedia. In 1934, the Zhonghua Book Company (中华书局) published copies of the encyclopedia signing Chen Menglei's name.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book |author=[[Jin Changzheng]] (金常政) |url= |title=百科全书的故事 |date=2005-03 |publisher=北京图书馆出版社 |isbn=7501326231 |location=北京 |pages=42-44 |doi= |id=}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 16:32, 23 April 2022

Chen Menglei
陈梦雷
Born1650
Fuzhou, Fujian, Qing dynasty
Died1741
Heilongjiang, Qing dynasty
Occupation(s)Scholar, writer
EraKangxi era
OrganizationHanlin Academy
Known forGujin Tushu Jicheng
Chinese name
Chinese陈梦雷
Zezhen
Simplified Chinese则震
Shengzhai
Simplified Chinese省斋
Songhe laoren
Chinese松鹤老人

Chen Menglei (Chinese: 陈梦雷; 1650-1741) was a Qing dynasty scholar-writer known for being the chief editor, compiler, and author of the Gujin Tushu Jicheng Chinese encyclopedia.

Life

Chen Menglei was born in modern day Fuzhou in Houguan county. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), at the age of 20, he obtained his scholar degree, became a Jinshi, and was selected as a scholar for the Hanlin Academy. In the 12th year of Kangxi's reign (1673), he returned to his hometown to visit his relatives, which coincided with the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, and he was caught in the midst of Geng Jingzhong's rebellion. Chen Menglei at the time was friends with fellow writer Li Guangdi. Chen Sui (陈遂) and Li Guangdi together went to the office of Fujian chancellor Fu Hongji (富鴻基) to demonstrate their loyalty to the Qing dynasty.

In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), in September, the Qing soldiers passed through Xianxia pass (仙霞关) to enter Fujian, and Geng Jingzhong surrendered. At this time, as part of machinations by Li Guangdi, Menglei was framed and falsely accused by Xu Hongbi (徐鴻弼) from the Geng faction. Chen Menglei was mistakenly taken for Chen Fang (陳昉). But later Chen Menglei cleared his name and showed his innocence.[1][2]

In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), Emperor Kangxi made an east tour, and Chen Menglei went to work and study with the third son of Emperor Kangxi: Prince Cheng, Yinzhi.[3] Chen Menglei's study was changed to "Songheshan Room" (松鶴山房) and he called himself "Songhe Elder" (松鶴老人).

During this period, in October of the 40th year of Kangxi (1701), Chen began to compile the book, the Compendium, or Tushu Huibian (图书汇编).[3] Chen Menglei referred to the "Xieyitang" (协一堂) book collection and more than 15,000 volumes of ancient books in his own family to classify and edit the encyclopedia. After five years (1701-1705) of 'eye to eye inspection, morning and evening' (“目营手检，无间晨夕”), in May of the 44th year of Kangxi, he completed the Compendium.

There are 10,000 volumes of the book and 40 volumes of catalogues, with a total of 160 million words. The whole book is divided into six parts: calendar, Fang Yu, Ming theory, natural history, Neo-Confucianism, economics, etc. (历象、方舆、明论、博物、理学、经济等). Each edition is divided into several codices, totaling 36 codices, and each codex is divided into cadres, totaling 6,109. There are many contents, and the classification is clear.[2]

In the 45th year of Kangxi (1706), the first draft was completed, and after the Kangxi emperor inspected it, he changed the title from Compendium to the Gujin Tushu Jicheng (古今图书集成), literally a 'compilation of ancient and modern books'. When the Yongzheng Emperor ascended the throne, he ordered Jiang Tingxi to help Chen Menglei finish completing the encyclopedia. In 1934, the Zhonghua Book Company (中华书局) published copies of the encyclopedia signing Chen Menglei's name.[2][4]

References

  1. ^ Wang Chonglü (王充閭) (2016-06-01). 充閭文集：面對歷史的蒼茫. 萬卷出版公司. p. 41. ISBN 978-7-5470-3945-8. Archived from the original on 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2019-12-01. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c Fang, Chao-ying (2019-10-24), "CHEN Menglei", Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period, Berkshire Publishing Group, doi:10.1093/acref/9780190088019.001.0001/acref-9780190088019-e-51, ISBN 978-1-61472-033-1, retrieved 2022-04-23 (Oxford reference)
  3. ^ a b Elman, Benjamin A. (2009-06-30). On Their Own Terms: Science in China, 1550-1900. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03647-5.
  4. ^ Jin Changzheng (金常政) (2005-03). 百科全书的故事. 北京: 北京图书馆出版社. pp. 42–44. ISBN 7501326231. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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