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{{Short description|Italian cardinal}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| type = Cardinal
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| ordination =
| ordination =
| ordinated_by =
| ordinated_by =
| consecration =
| consecration = 21 May 1595
| consecrated_by =
| consecrated_by = [[Mariano Pierbenedetti]]
| other_post =
| other_post =
| cardinal= 3 March 1599
| cardinal= 3 March 1599
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| previous_post =
| previous_post =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1535|6|11|df=y}}
| birth_date = 11 June 1535
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1620|3|26|1538|8|30|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1620|3|26|1538|8|30|df=y}}
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| other =
| other =
}}
}}
'''Domenico Toschi''' (June 11, 1535–March 26, 1620) was an Italian soldier, [[jurist]], and [[Cardinal (Catholic)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. After having originally served as a soldier, Toschi became a noted canon lawyer.<ref name=bld141/> He wrote the multi-volume legal treatise '' Practicarum conclusionum iuris in omni foro frequentiorum''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Domenico Tuschi|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ATuschi%2C+Domenico%2C&dblist=638&fq=ap%3A|website=WorldCat|accessdate=22 May 2017}}</ref>
'''Domenico Toschi''' (June 11, 1535 – March 26, 1620) was an Italian soldier, [[jurist]], and [[Cardinal (Catholic)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]].
He was born in [[Castellarano]] in [[Reggio Emilia]] to a poor family. After having originally served as a soldier, Toschi trained in Rome and became a noted [[canon law]]yer.<ref name=bld141/> He wrote the multi-volume legal treatise '' Practicarum conclusionum iuris in omni foro frequentiorum''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Domenico Tuschi|url=http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ATuschi%2C+Domenico%2C&dblist=638&fq=ap%3A|website=WorldCat|accessdate=22 May 2017}}</ref> He served as Vice-Legate in [[Bologna]] and was its governor (1585-1588), and then as a councillor in Tuscany (1588-1592).

He was [[Bishop of Tivoli]] from 1595 to 1606.<ref name="CH">{{cite web|title=Domenico Cardinal Toschi|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/btoschi.html|website=Catholic-Hierarchy|accessdate=22 May 2017}}</ref> He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Pietro in Montorio]] on 3 March 1599 by [[Pope Clement VIII]] as a reward for successfully governing Rome while Clement was in Ferrara.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Freiherr von Pastor|first1=Ludwing|editor1-last=Kerr|year=1933|orig-year=1891|editor1-first=Ralph Francis|title=The History of the Popes|volume=XXIII|publisher=B. Herder Book Co.|page=291}}</ref>

⚫
He participated in the Papal conclaves of March and May 1605. Toschi was a candidate for the papacy in the [[Papal conclave, May 1605|May 1605 papal conclave]], and was almost [[Acclamation (Papal elections)|acclaimed pope]], but [[Caesar Baronius]] intervened, objecting that Toschi was unfit for the papacy because his language and dress would cause scandal. Following Baronius' intervention, a scrutiny was taken, and Toschi fell short of election to the papacy by two votes.<ref name=bld141>{{cite book|last1=Baumgartner|first1=Frederic J.|title=Behind Locked Doors|date=2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0-312-29463-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/behindlockeddoor00fred/page/141 141]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/behindlockeddoor00fred/page/141}}</ref>

He transferred his [[titular church]] to [[Sant'Onofrio (Rome)|Sant'Onofrio]] in 1604, returning to San Pietro in Montorio in 1610. He resigned as Bishop of Tivoli in 1606, and was replaced by his nephew, [[Giovanni Battista Toschi]]. He served as [[Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals]] in 1616–17. He published a number of works on canon law, and was known for fostering the education of indigent students, who like him, had wished to use their education to rise in position.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hg5BAQAAMAAJ Dizionario biografico universale], Volume 5, by Felice Scifoni, Publisher Davide Passagli, Florence (1849); page 380.</ref> He died in [[Rome]].


⚫
He was created [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Pietro in Montorio]] on 3 March 1599 by [[Pope Clement VIII]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Verino|first1=D'Ugolino|title=De illustrationi Urbis Florentiae|date=1790|edition=3rd|page=126|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IJxWAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> Toschi was a candidate for the papacy in the [[Papal conclave, May 1605|May 1605 papal conclave]], and was almost [[Acclamation (Papal elections)|acclaimed pope]], but [[Caesar Baronius]] intervened, objecting that Toschi was unfit for the papacy because his language and dress would cause scandal. Following Baronious' intervention, a scrutiny was taken, and Toschi fell short of election to the papacy by two votes.<ref name=bld141>{{cite book|last1=Baumgartner|first1=Frederic J.|title=Behind Locked Doors|date=2003|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=0-312-29463-8|pages=141}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Govoni |first= Raffaella |date=2009 |title=Il Cardinale Domenico Toschi da Castellarano a Roma, 1535-1620 |trans-title=Cardinal Domenico Toschi from Castellarano to Rome, 1535-1620 |language= Italian|location=Reggio Emilia |publisher=Diabasis |oclc=754673754}}
*{{cite book |last=Govoni |first= Raffaella |date=2009 |title=Il Cardinale Domenico Toschi da Castellarano a Roma, 1535-1620 |trans-title=Cardinal Domenico Toschi from Castellarano to Rome, 1535-1620 |language= Italian|location=Reggio Emilia |publisher=Diabasis |oclc=754673754}}

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{{Italy-RC-cardinal-stub}}
==Works==
⚫
[[Category:Italian cardinals]]
*''Practicae conclusiones juris'' (Rome, 1605-1608, 8 volumes in folio)
*''Tractatus de jure statuum in imperio Romano (Frankfort, 1620 in quarto)
*''Theologicarum quasetionum ac ractationum omnium series'' (Bologna, 1662 in quarto)

{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|rec}}
{{succession box
| title = [[List of living cardinals|Oldest living Member of the Sacred College]]
| years = 17 February 1616 - 26 March 1620
| before = [[Pierre de Gondi]]
| after = [[Ladislao d'Aquino]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toschi, Domenico}}

⚫
[[Category:17th-century Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:1535 births]]
[[Category:1535 births]]
[[Category:1620 deaths]]
[[Category:1620 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Italian jurists]]
[[Category:Italian soldiers]]
[[Category:Italian soldiers]]
⚫
[[Category:16th-century Italian jurists]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Reggio Emilia]]


⚫
{{Italy-RC-cardinal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 12:22, 2 December 2023

His Eminence

Domenico Toschi
Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Montorio
Orders
Consecration21 May 1595
by Mariano Pierbenedetti
Created cardinal3 March 1599
by Pope Clement VIII
RankCardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born11 June 1535
Died26 March 1620(1620-03-26) (aged 81)
DenominationCatholic Church

Domenico Toschi (June 11, 1535 – March 26, 1620) was an Italian soldier, jurist, and cardinal of the Catholic Church.

He was born in Castellarano in Reggio Emilia to a poor family. After having originally served as a soldier, Toschi trained in Rome and became a noted canon lawyer.[1] He wrote the multi-volume legal treatise Practicarum conclusionum iuris in omni foro frequentiorum.[2] He served as Vice-Legate in Bologna and was its governor (1585-1588), and then as a councillor in Tuscany (1588-1592).

He was Bishop of Tivoli from 1595 to 1606.[3] He was created Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Montorio on 3 March 1599 by Pope Clement VIII as a reward for successfully governing Rome while Clement was in Ferrara.[4]

He participated in the Papal conclaves of March and May 1605. Toschi was a candidate for the papacy in the May 1605 papal conclave, and was almost acclaimed pope, but Caesar Baronius intervened, objecting that Toschi was unfit for the papacy because his language and dress would cause scandal. Following Baronius' intervention, a scrutiny was taken, and Toschi fell short of election to the papacy by two votes.[1]

He transferred his titular church to Sant'Onofrio in 1604, returning to San Pietro in Montorio in 1610. He resigned as Bishop of Tivoli in 1606, and was replaced by his nephew, Giovanni Battista Toschi. He served as Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1616–17. He published a number of works on canon law, and was known for fostering the education of indigent students, who like him, had wished to use their education to rise in position.[5] He died in Rome.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
  2. ^ "Domenico Tuschi". WorldCat. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  3. ^ "Domenico Cardinal Toschi". Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  4. ^ Freiherr von Pastor, Ludwing (1933) [1891]. Kerr, Ralph Francis (ed.). The History of the Popes. Vol. XXIII. B. Herder Book Co. p. 291.
  5. ^ Dizionario biografico universale, Volume 5, by Felice Scifoni, Publisher Davide Passagli, Florence (1849); page 380.

Further reading[edit]

  • Govoni, Raffaella (2009). Il Cardinale Domenico Toschi da Castellarano a Roma, 1535-1620 [Cardinal Domenico Toschi from Castellarano to Rome, 1535-1620] (in Italian). Reggio Emilia: Diabasis. OCLC 754673754.

Works[edit]

  • Practicae conclusiones juris (Rome, 1605-1608, 8 volumes in folio)
  • Tractatus de jure statuum in imperio Romano (Frankfort, 1620 in quarto)
  • Theologicarum quasetionum ac ractationum omnium series (Bologna, 1662 in quarto)
Records
Preceded by Oldest living Member of the Sacred College
17 February 1616 - 26 March 1620 		Succeeded by


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