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{{Short description|Subfamily of ants}}
{{Taxobox
<!-- {{Update|date=August 2016}}
| color = pink
-->
| name = Driver ant species
{{Automatic taxobox
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| image = Dorylus gribodoi casent0172627 dorsal 1.jpg
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| image_caption = ''[[Dorylus gribodoi|D. gribodoi]]''
| subphylum = [[Hexapoda]]
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| taxon = Dorylinae
| authority = Leach, 1815
| subclassis = [[Pterygota]]
| infraclassis = [[Neoptera]]
| type_genus = ''[[Dorylus]]''
| type_genus_authority = [[Johan Christian Fabricius|Fabricius]], 1793
| superordo = [[Endopterygota]]
| diversity_link = #Genera
| ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]
| diversity = 28 genera
| subordo = [[Apocrita]]
| diversity_ref = <ref name="AntCat">{{AntCat|429481|Dorylinae|2016|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref>
| superfamilia = [[Vespoidea]]
| familia = [[Formicidae]]
| subfamilia = '''Dorylinae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision =
[[Aenictini]]<br>
[[Aenictogetini]]<br>
[[Dorylini]]<br>
(others)
}}
}}


'''Dorylinae''' is an [[ant]] [[subfamily]], with distributions in both the [[Old World]] and [[New World]]. Brady ''et al.'' (2014) [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonymized]] the previous dorylomorph subfamilies (Aenictinae, Aenictogitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Ecitoninae, and Leptanilloidinae) under Dorylinae,<ref name="Brady_et_al_2014"/> while Borowiec (2016) reviewed and revised the genera, resurrecting many genera which had previously been merged.<ref name="Borowiec_2016">{{cite journal|last1=Borowiec|first1=M.|title=Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)|journal=ZooKeys|date=2016|issue=608|pages=1–280|doi=10.3897/zookeys.608.9427|pmid=27559303|pmc=4982377|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016ZooK..608....1B }}</ref> Dorylinae genera are suggested to have evolved sometime between {{ma|102|74}}, subsequently undergoing rapid [[adaptive radiation]] events during their early history.<ref name="Brady_et_al_2014">{{Cite journal | last1 = Brady | first1 = Seán G | last2 =Fisher | first2 = Brian L | last3 =Schultz | first3 = Ted R | last4 =Ward | first4 = Philip S | year = 2014 | title = The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–14 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-14-93 | pmid = 24886136 | pmc = 4021219 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2014BMCEE..14...93B }}</ref>


==Genera==
Any one of a number of species of ants native to [[Africa]] (equivalent to [[South American Army ants]]) that exist in colonies of up to 22 million individuals (recorded). Although completely blind, swarms of siafu can travel at speeds up to 20 meters per hour (net). No other insect has a greater impact on its local environment. Siafu are the only insect known to have actually killed and consumed human beings, albeit only those that, for other reasons, were unable to escape (e.g., babies, the infirm).
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''[[Acanthostichus]]'' <small>Mayr, 1887</small>
*''[[Aenictogiton]]'' <small>Emery, 1901</small>
*''[[Aenictus]]'' <small>Shuckard, 1840</small>
*''[[Cerapachys]]'' <small>Smith, 1857</small>
*''[[Cheliomyrmex]]'' <small>Mayr, 1870</small>
*''[[Chrysapace]]'' <small>Crawley, 1924</small>
*''[[Cylindromyrmex]]'' <small>Mayr, 1870</small>
*''[[Dorylus]]'' <small>Fabricius, 1793</small>
*''[[Eburopone]]'' <small>Borowiec, 2016</small>
*''[[Eciton]]'' <small>Latreille, 1804</small>
*''[[Eusphinctus]]'' <small>Emery, 1893</small>
*''[[Labidus]]'' <small>Jurine, 1807</small>
*''[[Leptanilloides]]'' <small>Mann, 1923</small>
*''[[Lioponera]]'' <small>Mayr, 1879</small>
*''[[Lividopone]]'' <small>Bolton & Fisher, 2016</small>
*''[[Neivamyrmex]]'' <small>Borgmeier, 1940</small>
*''[[Neocerapachys]]'' <small>Borowiec, 2016</small>
*''[[Nomamyrmex]]'' <small>Borgmeier, 1936</small>
*''[[Ooceraea]]'' <small>Roger, 1862</small>
*''[[Parasyscia]]'' <small>Emery, 1882</small>
*†''[[Procerapachys]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1915</small>
*''[[Simopone]]'' <small>Forel, 1891</small>
*''[[Sphinctomyrmex]]'' <small>Mayr, 1866</small>
*''[[Syscia]]'' <small>Roger, 1861</small>
*''[[Tanipone]]'' <small>Bolton & Fisher, 2012</small>
*''[[Vicinopone]]'' <small>Bolton & Fisher, 2012</small>
*''[[Yunodorylus]]'' <small>Xu, 2000</small>
*''[[Zasphinctus]]'' <small>Wheeler, 1918</small>
{{div col end}}


==References==
The '''Dorylinae''' is an [[Old World|old-world]] [[subfamily]] of the [[Formicidae]] commonly referred to as '''Driver ants''' or '''siafu'''. The Dorylinae are also considered to be '''Old World Army Ants''', although this term usually encompasses the family [[Aenictinae]] as well.
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
[[Driver ants]] form characteristic long roads of ants which they fiercely defend against anything that encounters them. These roads are arranged with the smaller ants being flanked by the larger, stronger ants. The fighter ants automatically take up positions as sentries, and set a perimeter in which the smaller ants can run safely. This is just one facet of the Driver Ant's ability to carry out very difficult maneuvers. All members of the Dorylinae are blind, though they, like most varieties of ants, communicate through scent [[pheromone]]s.
*{{Commons category-inline|Dorylinae}}


{{Formicidae subfamilies}}
Unlike (New World) [[army ant]]s which are largely ineffective against larger animals, the powerful bites and huge numbers of driver ants (sometimes in excess of 22 million in a colony), as well as their habit of swarming into any opening in the body of their prey (including the mouth and nose), mean they can kill much larger prey animals than any other ant species. There have been reported cases of people - usually the young, infirm, or otherwise debilitated who could not escape - being killed and eventually consumed by them, often dying of [[asphyxiation]]. Their presence is also beneficial to certain human communities, such as the [[Maasai]], as they perform a pest prevention service in farming communities, consuming the majority of other crop-pests, from insects to large rats.
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4037541}}
{{Authority control}}


⚫
[[Category:Dorylinae| ]]
Male driver ants, sometimes known as "sausage flies" (a term also applied to males of New World Army ants) due to their bloated, sausage-like [[abdomen]]s, are the largest known ant "morphs" in existence, and were originally believed to be members of a different species. Males leave the colony soon after hatching, but are drawn to the scent trail left by a column of siafu once it reaches sexual maturity. When a colony of driver ants encounters a male, they tear its wings off and carry it back to the nest to be mated with the queen.
[[Category:Ant subfamilies]]


The mouthparts of siafu soldier ants have sometimes been used as [[suture]]s because of their massive pincers. When a siafu is pressed against a cut, the pincers bite down and will stay locked even after the body is detached from the head of the ant.


{{ant-stub}}
==Pictures==
A male "sausage fly", ready to have its wings torn off and carried to a queen for mating:
http://www.azfotos.com/animals/insects/ants/ant-pictures/sausage-fly-driver-ants.htm

Swarms of driver ants (note here they are called matabele ants, an uncommon name):
http://taos-telecommunity.org/epow/EPOW-Archive/archive_2003/EPOW-030811.htm
⚫
[[Category:Ants]]
[[Category:Subfamilies of the Formicidae]]

Latest revision as of 22:11, 31 March 2024

Dorylinae
D. gribodoi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Dorylinae
Leach, 1815
Type genus
Dorylus
Fabricius, 1793
Diversity[1]
28 genera

Dorylinae is an ant subfamily, with distributions in both the Old World and New World. Brady et al. (2014) synonymized the previous dorylomorph subfamilies (Aenictinae, Aenictogitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Ecitoninae, and Leptanilloidinae) under Dorylinae,[2] while Borowiec (2016) reviewed and revised the genera, resurrecting many genera which had previously been merged.[3] Dorylinae genera are suggested to have evolved sometime between 102 to 74 million years ago, subsequently undergoing rapid adaptive radiation events during their early history.[2]

Genera[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Bolton, B. (2016). "Dorylinae". AntCat. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  2. ^ a b Brady, Seán G; Fisher, Brian L; Schultz, Ted R; Ward, Philip S (2014). "The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 2–14. Bibcode:2014BMCEE..14...93B. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-93. PMC 4021219. PMID 24886136.
  3. ^ Borowiec, M. (2016). "Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)". ZooKeys (608): 1–280. Bibcode:2016ZooK..608....1B. doi:10.3897/zookeys.608.9427. PMC 4982377. PMID 27559303.

External links[edit]

  • Media related to Dorylinae at Wikimedia Commons


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