Dracaena mannii

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Dracaena mannii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Nolinoideae
Genus: Dracaena
Species:
D. mannii
Binomial name
Dracaena mannii
Synonyms
  • Dracaena gazensis Rendle (1911)
  • Dracaena nitens Welw. ex Baker (1878)
  • Dracaena perrottetii Baker (1874)
  • Dracaena perrottetii var. minor Baker
  • Dracaena pseudoreflexa Mildbr. (1910)
  • Dracaena reflexa var. nitens (Welw. ex Baker) Baker
  • Dracaena thomsoniana Veitch ex Mast. & Moore
  • Dracaena usambarensis Engl. (1894)
  • Draco mannii (Baker) Kuntze
  • Draco perottetii (Baker) Kuntze
  • Pleomele gazensis (Rendle) N.E.Br.
  • Pleomele heudelotii N.E.Br.
  • Pleomele mannii (Baker) N.E.Br.
  • Pleomele nitens (Welw. ex Baker) N.E.Br.
  • Pleomele perrottetii (Baker) N.E.Br.
  • Pleomele usambarensis (Engl.) N.E.Br.

Dracaena mannii Baker is a small to medium-sized tree, though recorded up to 30 m tall in Cameroun and Gabon. It occurs from Senegal to Angola along the African west coast, is widespread in tropical Africa and is found along the African east coast from Kenya to Kosi Bay in northern KwaZulu-Natal. It prefers lowland, submontane and montane forests which are either moist and evergreen, swampy or on coastal dunes. It is also found along forest edges, in clearings and on river banks from sea level to 1,800 metres. In wet habitats it is sometimes stilt-rooted. [1] It is one of some 120 species currently accepted. [2]

This species is evergreen, single-stemmed or much branched from near the ground, and has linear to narrowly oblong-elliptic leaves with numerous parallel nerves, up to 400 x 20 mm, mostly in terminal clusters, clasping the stem for half its circumference. Flowers are in terminal spikes or panicles, cream in colour, and sweetly fragrant when opening at night. The fruit is some 30 mm in diameter, berry-like, first turning brown and later bright red when ripe. [3] Bark is white, papery and smooth, with prominent leaf scars.

Young leaves and sprouts are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, or with rice and beans. Found in Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Gambia, South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Cameroun and Nigeria, it may be propagated from seed, leaf cuttings, rhizomes or suckers. [4]

Ethnic medicine

Substances have been isolated from this species that inhibit fungal growth and the development of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. It is also used against nausea and vomiting, parasitic infections, both cutaneous and subcutaneous, swelling, oedema and gout, mouth sores, worms, lung ailments. Extracts of leaves containing glycosides, saponins and steroids are used against pain, and bark extracts as an arrow-poison, while leaf-ash is used in the making of soap. Pulverised roots are soaked in cold water and the infusion is used against stomach-ache, gonorrhoea and chest pains.

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References