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{{Short description|Species of amphibian}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} |
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| name = Eastern dwarf tree frog |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn | url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/190694/0 | title=''Litoria fallax'' |date=2009 |author1=Hero, J.-M. |author2=Meyer, E. |author3=Clarke, J. | access-date=21 April 2015}}</ref> |
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| trend = stable |
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| image = Litoria fallax.jpg |
| image = Litoria fallax.jpg |
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| image_width = 200px |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Amphibia]] |
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| ordo = [[Frog|Anura]] |
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| familia = [[Hylidae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Litoria]]'' |
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| species = '''''L. fallax''''' |
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| range_map = Litoria fallax range.PNG |
| range_map = Litoria fallax range.PNG |
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| range_map_caption = Eastern dwarf tree frog distribution |
| range_map_caption = Eastern dwarf tree frog distribution |
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| synonyms = * ''Hylomantis fallax''<small> Peters, 1880</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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| ⚫ | The '''eastern dwarf tree frog''' |
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| ⚫ | The '''eastern dwarf tree frog''' ('''''Litoria fallax'''''), also known as the '''eastern sedge-frog''', is a species of tree [[frog]]. It is a small and very common frog and found on the eastern coast of Australia, from around [[Cairns, Queensland]], to around [[Ulladulla, New South Wales]]. Individual frogs of this species are often found elsewhere, having been accidentally relocated by transported fruit boxes. Confirmed sightings of breeding pairs have confirmed their survival in Victoria's cooler climate. |
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==Physical description== |
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==Description== |
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[[Image:Litoria fallax bi.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fawn/green colouration of the Eastern dwarf tree frog]] |
[[Image:Litoria fallax bi.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Fawn/green colouration of the Eastern dwarf tree frog]] |
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This is a small species of |
This is a small species of frog; females can reach a maximum size of 25–30 mm, while males may only reach 20 mm when fully grown. It is of variable colour (depending upon [[temperature]] and colour of surrounding environment), ranging from fawn to light green on top, and occasionally has black flecks on its back. A white line begins under the [[eye]], and joins the white [[stomach]]. A brown line begins from the [[nostril]], and continues across the eye, and between the green (or fawn) and white sections on the top and bottom of the body. This species' toe discs are only slightly larger than the toes, and toes are 75% webbed. Some individuals will have an orange posterior thigh. The tadpoles are bigger than the adult frogs, with a size of 30 mm. |
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== Taxonomy == |
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''L. fallax'' was first described in 1880 by [[Wilhelm Peters]] as ''Hylomantis fallax.''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Australian Faunal Directory: ''Litoria fallax''|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Litoria_fallax|access-date=2021-10-23|website=biodiversity.org.au|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author= Peters, W.|author-link=Wilhelm Peters|date= 1880|title= Mitteilung über neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien des Berliner Zoologischen Museums|journal=Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin|volume=1880|pages= 217-224 [1881 on title page] [224, fig. 4]|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36277423}}</ref> The [[Australian Faunal Directory]] also considers ''Hyla bicolor glauerti''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Copland, S.J.|date=1957|title= Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus ''Hyla''|journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales|volume=82|pages= 9–108 [16]|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34928289}}</ref> to be a synonym, with the decision for synonymy being based on [[Harold Cogger|Cogger]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{citation|author=Cogger, H.G.|author-link=Harold Cogger |editor=Cogger, H.G. |editor2=Cameron, E.E. |editor3=Cogger, H.M.|date=1983|title= Amphibia and Reptilia|journal=Zoological Catalogue of Australia|location= Canberra |publisher= Australian Government Publishing Service|volume= 1|pages=43}}</ref> |
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==Ecology and behaviour== |
==Ecology and behaviour== |
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This frog is associated with a wide variety of habitats, including coastal swamps, lagoons, dams, ditches, and garden ponds in forest, heathland, [[wallum]] country, and cleared farmland. It lives in [[Phragmites|reeds]] and similar plants both near and away from the water, and often inhabits [[banana]] trees in the northern areas of Australia, and are sometimes shipped with the bananas throughout Australia. They are known in Australia for becoming [[Lost Frog|lost frog]]s by turning up in [[fruit]] [[Retailing|shops]] outside of their normal range. |
This frog is associated with a wide variety of habitats, including coastal swamps, lagoons, dams, ditches, and garden ponds in forest, heathland, [[wallum]] country, and cleared farmland. It lives in [[Phragmites|reeds]] and similar plants both near and away from the water, and often inhabits [[banana]] trees in the northern areas of Australia, and are sometimes shipped with the bananas throughout Australia. They are known in Australia for becoming [[Lost Frog|lost frog]]s by turning up in [[fruit]] [[Retailing|shops]] outside of their normal range. |
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==Size== |
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The eastern dwarf tree frog is 15-25 mm long from snout to the behind; the tadpoles are bigger than the adult frogs, with a size of 30 mm. |
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==Breeding== |
==Breeding== |
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Breeding occurs at small ponds or dams, which have ample reeds or other [[Emergent plant|emergent vegetation]]. This species will often breed in temporary water. Its call is a short, high pitched, wr-e-e-ek ip-ip, repeated three or four times. They emit their calls from a single submandibular vocal sac. The males call during the spring and summer seasons, often before and after heavy rain. |
Breeding occurs at small ponds or dams, which have ample reeds or other [[Emergent plant|emergent vegetation]]. This species will often breed in temporary water. Its call is a short, high pitched, wr-e-e-ek ip-ip, repeated three or four times. They emit their calls from a single submandibular vocal sac. The males call during the spring and summer seasons, often before and after heavy rain. |
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About 200- |
About 200-301 eggs are laid at each [[amplexus]], and clumps of spawn contain up to 35 eggs. The minimum tadpole lifespan is 118 days, at a consist temperature of 20 °C. Metamorphosis occurs from January to March, the metamorphs resemble the adults and are very small, only 9–13 mm in length. |
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==Similar species== |
==Similar species== |
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[[Image:Litoria fallax spawn.JPG|thumb|right|200px|''Litoria fallax'' spawn]] |
[[Image:Litoria fallax spawn.JPG|thumb|right|200px|''Litoria fallax'' spawn]] |
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This species is a member of the dwarf tree frog complex. This species complex is composed of the [[northern dwarf tree frog]] (''L. bicolor''), the [[Cooloola sedge frog]] (''L. |
This species is a member of the dwarf tree frog complex. This species complex is composed of the [[northern dwarf tree frog]] (''L. bicolor''), the [[Cooloola sedge frog]] (''L. cooloolensis''), and the [[Wallum sedge frog]] (''L. olongburensis''), as well as this species. All of these species are similar in size and have a similar ratchet-like call. The species along the east coast often inhabits coastal wallum and acid swamps. Most of these species have more than one common name, with a least one name containing "dwarf tree frog". |
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==As a pet== |
==As a pet== |
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In Australia, the frog may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit. |
In Australia, the frog may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit.<ref name=permit/> |
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{{Listen|filename=Litoria fallax jul08.ogg|title=Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog |description=Call recorded at Samsonvale Cemetery, SE Queensland|format=[[Ogg]]}} |
{{Listen|filename=Litoria fallax jul08.ogg|title=Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog |description=Call recorded at Samsonvale Cemetery, SE Queensland|format=[[Ogg]]}} |
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{{ |
{{Commons category|Litoria fallax}} |
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{{ |
{{Wikispecies|Litoria fallax}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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* {{IUCN2006|assessors=Hero ''et al.''|year=2004|id=41091|title=Litoria fallax|downloaded=11 May 2006}} Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern |
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}} |
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==Other sources== |
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*[http://www.articleroad.com/pets-and-animals/reptiles-and-amphibians/frogs/frog-breeds/easterndwarftreefrog-53.cfm?Find=Free Article Road: List of All Frog Breeds: Things You Can Do to Ensure Your Frog Has a Long, Happy and Healthy Life: Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog] |
*[http://www.articleroad.com/pets-and-animals/reptiles-and-amphibians/frogs/frog-breeds/easterndwarftreefrog-53.cfm?Find=Free Article Road: List of All Frog Breeds: Things You Can Do to Ensure Your Frog Has a Long, Happy and Healthy Life: Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog] |
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*Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney. |
*Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney. |
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*Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney. |
*Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney. |
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'''Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia''' Harold G. Cogger (1975) |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q979058}} |
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[[Category:Litoria]] |
[[Category:Litoria]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians of Queensland]] |
[[Category:Amphibians of Queensland]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians of New South Wales]] |
[[Category:Amphibians of New South Wales]] |
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[[Category:Amphibians described in 1880]] |
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[[Category:Frogs of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:01, 27 September 2023
| Eastern dwarf tree frog | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | Litoria |
| Species: | L. fallax
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| Binomial name | |
| Litoria fallax Peters, 1880
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| |
| Eastern dwarf tree frog distribution | |
| Synonyms | |
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The eastern dwarf tree frog (Litoria fallax), also known as the eastern sedge-frog, is a species of tree frog. It is a small and very common frog and found on the eastern coast of Australia, from around Cairns, Queensland, to around Ulladulla, New South Wales. Individual frogs of this species are often found elsewhere, having been accidentally relocated by transported fruit boxes. Confirmed sightings of breeding pairs have confirmed their survival in Victoria's cooler climate.
Description[edit]
This is a small species of frog; females can reach a maximum size of 25–30 mm, while males may only reach 20 mm when fully grown. It is of variable colour (depending upon temperature and colour of surrounding environment), ranging from fawn to light green on top, and occasionally has black flecks on its back. A white line begins under the eye, and joins the white stomach. A brown line begins from the nostril, and continues across the eye, and between the green (or fawn) and white sections on the top and bottom of the body. This species' toe discs are only slightly larger than the toes, and toes are 75% webbed. Some individuals will have an orange posterior thigh. The tadpoles are bigger than the adult frogs, with a size of 30 mm.
Taxonomy[edit]
L. fallax was first described in 1880 by Wilhelm Peters as Hylomantis fallax.[2][3] The Australian Faunal Directory also considers Hyla bicolor glauerti[4] to be a synonym, with the decision for synonymy being based on Cogger.[2][5]
Ecology and behaviour[edit]
This frog is associated with a wide variety of habitats, including coastal swamps, lagoons, dams, ditches, and garden ponds in forest, heathland, wallum country, and cleared farmland. It lives in reeds and similar plants both near and away from the water, and often inhabits banana trees in the northern areas of Australia, and are sometimes shipped with the bananas throughout Australia. They are known in Australia for becoming lost frogs by turning up in fruit shops outside of their normal range.
Breeding[edit]
Breeding occurs at small ponds or dams, which have ample reeds or other emergent vegetation. This species will often breed in temporary water. Its call is a short, high pitched, wr-e-e-ek ip-ip, repeated three or four times. They emit their calls from a single submandibular vocal sac. The males call during the spring and summer seasons, often before and after heavy rain.
About 200-301 eggs are laid at each amplexus, and clumps of spawn contain up to 35 eggs. The minimum tadpole lifespan is 118 days, at a consist temperature of 20 °C. Metamorphosis occurs from January to March, the metamorphs resemble the adults and are very small, only 9–13 mm in length.
Similar species[edit]
This species is a member of the dwarf tree frog complex. This species complex is composed of the northern dwarf tree frog (L. bicolor), the Cooloola sedge frog (L. cooloolensis), and the Wallum sedge frog (L. olongburensis), as well as this species. All of these species are similar in size and have a similar ratchet-like call. The species along the east coast often inhabits coastal wallum and acid swamps. Most of these species have more than one common name, with a least one name containing "dwarf tree frog".
As a pet[edit]
In Australia, the frog may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit.[6]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Litoria fallax.
Wikispecies has information related to Litoria fallax.
References[edit]
- ^ Hero, J.-M.; Meyer, E.; Clarke, J. (2009). "Litoria fallax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ a b "Australian Faunal Directory: Litoria fallax". biodiversity.org.au. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
- ^ Peters, W. (1880). "Mitteilung über neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien des Berliner Zoologischen Museums". Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1880: 217-224 [1881 on title page] [224, fig. 4].
- ^ Copland, S.J. (1957). "Presidential address. Australian tree frogs of the genus Hyla". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 82: 9–108 [16].
- ^ Cogger, H.G. (1983), Cogger, H.G.; Cameron, E.E.; Cogger, H.M. (eds.), "Amphibia and Reptilia", Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 1, Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service: 43
- ^ Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, New South Wales: Amphibian Keeper's Licence: Species Lists
Other sources[edit]
- Article Road: List of All Frog Breeds: Things You Can Do to Ensure Your Frog Has a Long, Happy and Healthy Life: Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog
- Anstis, M. 2002. Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland: Sydney.
- Robinson, M. 2002. A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland: Sydney.
- Frogs Australia Network-frog call available here.
- Australian Frogs A Natural History Michael J. Tyler (1994)