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{{Short description|Genus of North American wild buckwheats}}
{{About|the North American plant known as ''wild buckwheat''|other plants which share the same common name|Wild buckwheat (disambiguation)}}
{{About|the North American plant known as ''wild buckwheat''|other plants which share the same common name|Wild buckwheat (disambiguation)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| image = Eriogonum_umbellatum_1.jpg
|image = Eriogonum_compositum_5077.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Eriogonum umbellatum]]''
|image_caption = ''[[Eriogonum compositum]]''
⚫
|taxon = Eriogonum
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
|authority = [[André Michaux|Michx.]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
⚫
|subdivision = Over 250, see text
| unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
| ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
| familia = [[Polygonaceae]]
| genus = '''''Eriogonum'''''
| genus_authority = [[Michx.]] (1803)
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
⚫
Over 250, see text
}}
}}
⚫
'''''Eriogonum''''' is the scientific name for a [[genus]] of [[flowering plants]], in the family [[Polygonaceae]]. The genus is found in [[North America]] and is known as '''Wild Buckwheat'''. This is a highly species-rich genus, and indications are that active [[speciation]] is continuing. It includes some common [[wildflowers]] such as the [[California Buckwheat]] (''Eriogonum fasciculatum'').


⚫
'''''Eriogonum''''' is a [[genus]] of flowering plants in the family [[Polygonaceae]]. The genus is found in [[North America]] and is known as '''wild buckwheat'''. This is a highly species-rich genus, and indications are that active [[speciation]] is continuing. It includes some common [[wildflowers]] such as the [[California buckwheat]] (''Eriogonum fasciculatum'').
It came into the news in 2005 when the [[Mount Diablo Buckwheat]] (''Eriogonum truncatum'', believed to be extinct) was rediscovered.


The genus derived its name from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''erion'' meaning 'wool' and ''gonu'' meaning 'knee or joint'. The author of the genus, [[André Michaux|Michaux]], explained the name as describing the first named species of the genus (''E. tomentosum'') as a wooly plant with sharply bent stems (''"planta lanata, geniculata"'').<ref>[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/405021 André Michaux. Flora boreali americana. 1803. volume 1. page 247], Biodiversitylibrary.org</ref> Despite sharing the common name "buckwheat", ''Eriogonum'' is part of a different genus than the cultivated European [[buckwheat]] and than other plant species also called [[Wild buckwheat (disambiguation)|wild buckwheat]].
==Importance for Lepidoptera==

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''Eriogonum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] (butterflies and moths). Several of these are [[phagy|monophagous]], meaning that their [[caterpillar]]s only feed on this genus, sometimes just on a single [[taxon]] of ''Eriogonum''. Wild buckwheat flowers are also an important source of food for these and other Lepidoptera. In some cases, the relationship is so close that ''Eriogonum'' and dependent Lepidoptera are in danger of [[coextinction]].
It came into the news in 2005 when the [[Mount Diablo buckwheat]] (''Eriogonum truncatum'', believed to be extinct) was rediscovered.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/05/24_buckwheat.shtml |title=05.24.2005 – Dainty pink Mt. Diablo buckwheat rediscovered |website=Berkeley.edu|access-date = 2016-03-29}}</ref>

==Ecology==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2021}}
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''Eriogonum'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] (butterflies and moths). An example of a butterfly that uses this plant for food is the ''[[Lycaena heteronea]]''. Several of these are [[phagy|monophagous]], meaning their [[caterpillar]]s only feed on this genus, sometimes just on a single [[taxon]] of ''Eriogonum''. Wild buckwheat flowers are also an important source of food for these and other Lepidoptera. In some cases, the relationship is so close that ''Eriogonum'' and dependent Lepidoptera are in danger of [[coextinction]].


Monophagous Lepidoptera on wild buckwheat include:
Monophagous Lepidoptera on wild buckwheat include:
* ''Apodemia mormo'' ([[Mormon metalmark]]) - feeds exclusively on ''Eriogonum''
* ''[[Apodemia mormo]]'' (Mormon metalmark) – feeds exclusively on ''Eriogonum''
** ''Apodemia mormo langei'' ([[Lange's metalmark]]) - only known from ''Eriogonum nudum'' ssp. ''auriculatum''
** ''[[Apodemia mormo langei]]'' (Lange's metalmark) – only known from ''Eriogonum nudum'' ssp. ''auriculatum''
* ''[[Chionodes dammersi]]'' - feeds exclusively on ''Eriogonum''
* ''[[Chionodes dammersi]]'' – feeds exclusively on ''Eriogonum''
* ''[[Chionodes luteogeminatus]]'' - only known from ''Eriogonum niveum''
* ''[[Chionodes luteogeminatus]]'' – only known from ''Eriogonum niveum''
* ''Euphilotes enoptes smithi'' ([[Smith's blue butterfly]]) - only known from ''Eriogonum latifolium'' and ''Eriogonum parvifolium''
* ''Euphilotes enoptes smithi'' ([[Smith's blue butterfly]]) – only known from ''Eriogonum latifolium'' and ''Eriogonum parvifolium''
* ''Euphilotes battoides allyni'' ([[El Segundo blue butterfly]]) - only known from ''Eriogonum parvifolium''
Additionally, bees of the [[sagebrush steppe]] rely on the nectar of desert buckwheats, and birds and rodents eat the seeds.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Ronald J.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25708726|title=Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary|publisher=Mountain Press Pub. Co|year=1994|isbn=0-87842-280-3|edition=rev.|location=Missoula, MT|pages=28|language=en|oclc=25708726|orig-year=1992}}</ref>

==Uses==
Some varieties of eriogonum, such as [[California buckwheat]] were and still are used as medicinal and food crops by Native American tribes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/OhloneMed.html |title=Ohlone Medicine |access-date=2018-09-13 |archive-date=2018-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826200634/http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/OhloneMed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://arboretum.ucsc.edu/pdfs/ethnobotany-webversion.pdf|title=Plant Uses: California : Native American Uses of California Plants - Ethnobotany|website=Arboretum.ucsc.edu|access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref>


==Selected species==
==Selected species==
[[image:Eriogonum hirtellum 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum hirtellum]]'']]
[[image:Eriogonum hirtellum 2.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum hirtellum]]'']]
[[image:Eriogonum ursinum 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Talus Buckwheat]]<br/>''[[Eriogonum ursinum]]'']]
[[image:Eriogonum ursinum 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Talus buckwheat]]<br />''[[Eriogonum ursinum]]'']]
[[image:Eriogonum wrightii var subscaposum 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum wrightii]]'' var. ''subscaposum'']]
[[image:Eriogonum wrightii var subscaposum 1.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum wrightii]]'' var. ''subscaposum'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum alatum]]'' - Winged Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum abertianum]]'' – Abert's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum alpinum]]'' - Trinity Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum alatum]]'' – winged buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum alexanderae]]''<ref name=grady>Grady, B. R. and J. L. Reveal. (2011). [http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00024p038.pdf New combinations and a new species of ''Eriogonum'' (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae) from the Great Basin Desert, United States.] ''Phytotaxa'' 24 33–38.</ref>
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* ''[[Eriogonum ampullaceum]]'' - Mono Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum androsaceum]]'' - Rock-jasmine Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum aliquantum]]'' – Cimarron buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum angulosum]]'' - Anglestem Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum alpinum]]'' – trinity buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum apiculatum]]'' - San Jacinto Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ampullaceum]]'' – mono buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum apricum]]'' - Ione Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum androsaceum]]'' – rock-jasmine buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum arborescens]]'' - Santa Cruz Island Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum angulosum]]'' – anglestem buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum argillosum]]'' - Clay Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum apiculatum]]'' – San Jacinto buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum baileyi]]'' - Bailey's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum apricum]]'' – Ione buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum brachyanthum]]'' - Shortflower Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum arborescens]]'' – Santa Cruz Island buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum brachypodum]]'' - Parry's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum argillosum]]'' – clay buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum breedlovei]]'' - Paiute Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum argophyllum]]'' – Sulphur Hot Springs buckwheat, Ruby Valley buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum butterworthianum]]'' - Butterworth's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum baileyi]]'' – Bailey's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum caespitosum]]'' - Matted Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum bicolor]]'' – Pretty buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cernuum]]'' - Nodding Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum brachyanthum]]'' – shortflower buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cinereum]]'' - Ashyleaf Buckwheat, Coastal Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum brachypodum]]'' – Parry's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cithariforme]]'' - Cithara Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum brandegeei]]'' – Brandegee's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum congdonii]]'' - Congdon's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum breedlovei]]'' – Paiute buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum contiguum]]'' - Reveal's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum brevicaule]]'' – shortstem buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum corymbosum]]'' - Crispleaf Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum butterworthianum]]'' – Butterworth's buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum corymbosum var. nilesii]]'' - Nile's Wild Buckwheat, Las Vegas Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum caespitosum]]'' – matted buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum covilleanum]]'' - Coville's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum calcareum]]''<ref name=grady/>
* ''[[Eriogonum crocatum]]'' - Conejo Buckwheat or Saffron Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum callistum]]'' – Tehachapi buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cusickii]]'' - Cusick's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cedrorum]]'' – The Cedars buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum dasyanthemum]]'' - Chaparral Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cernuum]]'' – nodding buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum davidsonii]]'' - Davidson's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cinereum]]'' – ashyleaf buckwheat, coastal buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum deflexum]]'' - Flatcrown Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cithariforme]]'' – Cithara buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum deserticola]]'' - Colorado Desert Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum codium]]'' – basalt desert buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum diclinum]]'' - Jaynes Canyon Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum coloradense]]'' – Colorado buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum elatum]]'' - Tall Woolly Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum compositum]]'' – arrowleaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum eremicola]]'' - Telescope Peak Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum congdonii]]'' – Congdon's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum fasciculatum]]'' - California Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum contiguum]]'' – Reveal's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum flavum]]'' - Yellow Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum corymbosum]]'' – crispleaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum giganteum]]'' - Saint Catherine's Lace
** ''[[Eriogonum corymbosum var. nilesii]]'' – Nile's wild buckwheat, Las Vegas buckwheat
** ''Eriogonum giganteum'' var. ''compactum'' - Santa Barbara Island Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum covilleanum]]'' – Coville's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gilmanii]]'' - Gilman's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum crocatum]]'' – conejo buckwheat or saffron buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gossypinum]]'' - Cottony Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum crosbyae]]'' – Crosby's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gracile]]'' - Slender Woolly Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum cusickii]]'' – Cusick's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gracilipes]]'' - White Mountain Buckwheat, Raspberry Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum dasyanthemum]]'' – chaparral buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gracillimum]]'' - Rose and White Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum davidsonii]]'' – Davidson's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum grande]]'' - Redflower Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum deflexum]]'' – flatcrown buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum heermannii]]'' - Heermann's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum deserticola]]'' – Colorado Desert buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum heracleoides]]'' - Parsnip-flower Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum diatomaceum]]'' – Churchill Narrows buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum hirtellum]]'' - Klamath Mountain Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum diclinum]]'' – Jaynes Canyon buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum hoffmannii]]'' - Hoffmann's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum domitum]]''<ref name=grady/>
* ''[[Eriogonum hookeri]]'' - Hooker's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum douglasii]]'' – Douglas buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum incanum]]'' - Frosted Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum elatum]]'' – tall woolly buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum inflatum]]'' - Desert Trumpet, Bladderstem, Indian Pipe-weed
* ''[[Eriogonum encelioides]]'' – Encelia buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum intrafractum]]'' - Napkinring, Jointed Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum eremicola]]'' – Telescope Peak buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum jamesii]]'' - James' Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum evanidum]]'' – vanishing wild buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum kelloggii]]'' - Red Mountain Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum exilifolium]]'' – dropleaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum kennedyi]]'' - Kennedy's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum fasciculatum]]'' – California buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum latens]]'' - Inyo Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum flavum]]'' – yellow buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum latifolium]]'' - Seaside Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum giganteum]]'' – Saint Catherine's lace
* ''[[Eriogonum libertini]]'' - Dubakella Mountain Buckwheat
** ''Eriogonum giganteum'' var. ''compactum'' – Santa Barbara Island buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum lobbii]]'' - Lobb's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gilmanii]]'' – Gilman's buckwheat
[[File:Eriogonum thymoides 9256.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum thymoides]]'']]
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* ''[[Eriogonum longifolium]]'' - Longleaf Buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium var. harperi]]'' - Harper's Umbrella Plant or Harper's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gossypinum]]'' – cottony buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium]]'' - Scrub Buckwheat or Long-leaf Wild Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gracile]]'' – slender woolly buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium]]'' var. ''longifolium'' - Longleaf Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gracilipes]]'' – White Mountain buckwheat, raspberry buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium var. lindheimeri]]'' - Lindheimer's Long-leaf Eriogonum or Lindheimer's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gracillimum]]'' – rose and white buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum luteolum]]'' - Goldencarpet Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum grande]]'' – redflower buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum maculatum]]'' - Spotted Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum gypsophilum]]'' – gypsum wild buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum marifolium]]'' - Marumleaf Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum heermannii]]'' – Heermann's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum microthecum]]'' - Slender Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum helichrysoides]]'' – Strawflower wild buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum mohavense]]'' - Western Mojave Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum heracleoides]]'' – parsnip-flower Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum molestum]]'' - Pineland Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum hirtellum]]'' – Klamath Mountain Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nervulosum]]'' - Snow Mountain Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum hoffmannii]]'' – Hoffmann's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nidularium]]'' - Birdnest Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum hookeri]]'' – Hooker's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum niveum]]'' - Snow Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum incanum]]'' – frosted buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nortonii]]'' - Pinnacles Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum inflatum]]'' – desert trumpet, bladderstem, Indian pipe-weed
* ''[[Eriogonum nudum]]'' - Naked Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum intrafractum]]'' – napkinring, jointed buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum jamesii]]'' – James' buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum kelloggii]]'' – red mountain buckwheat
[[File:Eriogonum nidularium 5.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum nidularium]]'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum kennedyi]]'' – Kennedy's buckwheat
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* ''[[Eriogonum latens]]'' – Inyo buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum latifolium]]'' – seaside buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum libertini]]'' – Dubakella Mountain buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum lobbii]]'' – Lobb's buckwheat
⚫
* ''[[Eriogonum longifolium]]'' – longleaf buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium var. harperi]]'' – Harper's umbrella plant or Harper's buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium]]'' – scrub buckwheat or long-leaf wild Buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium]]'' var. ''longifolium'' – longleaf buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum longifolium var. lindheimeri]]'' – Lindheimer's long-leaf ''Eriogonum'' or Lindheimer's buckwheat
[[File:Eriogonum inflatum 4.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum inflatum]]'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum luteolum]]'' – goldencarpet buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum maculatum]]'' – spotted buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum marifolium]]'' – marumleaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum microthecum]]'' – slender buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum mohavense]]'' – Western Mojave buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum molestum]]'' – pineland buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nervulosum]]'' – Snow Mountain buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nidularium]]'' – birdnest buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum niveum]]'' – snow buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nortonii]]'' – pinnacles buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nudum]]'' – naked buckwheat
** ''Eriogonum nudum'' ssp. ''auriculatum''
** ''Eriogonum nudum'' ssp. ''auriculatum''
[[File:Eriogonum heermannii var sulcatum 11.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum heermannii]]'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum nummulare]]'' - Kearney Buckwheat, Money Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ochrocephalum]]'' - Whitewoolly Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum nummulare]]'' – Kearney buckwheat, money buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ovalifolium]]'' - Cushion Buckwheat, Oval-leaf Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ochrocephalum]]'' – whitewoolly buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum palmerianum]]'' - Palmer's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ovalifolium]]'' – cushion buckwheat, oval-leaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum panamintense]]'' - Panamint Mountain Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum palmerianum]]'' – Palmer's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum parishii]]'' - Mountainmist
* ''[[Eriogonum panamintense]]'' – Panamint Mountain buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum parvifolium]]'' - Coast Buckwheat, Dune Buckwheat or Cliff Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum parishii]]'' – mountainmist
* ''[[Eriogonum pendulum]]'' - Waldo Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum parvifolium]]'' – coast buckwheat, dune buckwheat or cliff buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum plumatella]]'' - Yucca Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pauciflorum]]'' – Fewflower buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum prattenianum]]'' - Nevada City Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pelinophilum]]'' – clay-loving wild buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum prociduum]]'' - Prostrate Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pendulum]]'' – waldo buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pusillum]]'' - Yellowturbans
* ''[[Eriogonum plumatella]]'' – yucca buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pyrolifolium]]'' - Pyrola-leaved Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum prattenianum]]'' – Nevada City buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum reniforme]]'' - Kidneyleaf Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum prociduum]]'' – prostrate buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum rixfordii]]'' - Pagoda Buckwheat
[[File:Eriogonum crocatum.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum crocatum]]'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum rosense]]'' - Rosy Buckwheat, Mt. Rose Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pusillum]]'' – yellowturbans
* ''[[Eriogonum roseum]]'' - Wand Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum pyrolifolium]]'' – pyrola-leaved buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum salicornioides]]'' - Glasswort Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum reniforme]]'' – kidneyleaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum saxatile]]'' - Hoary Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum rixfordii]]'' – pagoda buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum shockleyi]]'' - Cowpie Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum rosense]]'' – rosy buckwheat, mountain rose buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum siskiyouense]]'' - Siskiyou Buckwheat
** ''[[Eriogonum rosense var. beatleyae]]'' – Beatley's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum spergulinum]]'' - Spurry Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum roseum]]'' – wand buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum sphaerocephalum]]'' - Rock Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum salicornioides]]'' – glasswort buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum strictum]]'' - Blue Mountain Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum saxatile]]'' – hoary buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ternatum]]'' - Ternate Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum shockleyi]]'' – cowpie buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum thomasii]]'' - Thomas' Buckwheat
[[File:Eriogonumbaileyi.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum baileyi]]'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum thurberi]]'' - Thurber's Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum siskiyouense]]'' – Siskiyou buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum tomentosum]]'' - Dogtongue Wild Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum soredium]]'' – Frisco buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum trichopes]]'' - Little Desert Trumpet
* ''[[Eriogonum spectabile]]'' – Barron's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum tripodum]]'' - Tripod Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum spergulinum]]'' – spurry buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum truncatum]]'' - Mount Diablo Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum sphaerocephalum]]'' – rock buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum umbellatum]]'' - Sulphurflower Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum strictum]]'' – blue mountain buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ursinum]]'' - Talus Buckwheat, Bear Valley Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ternatum]]'' – ternate buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum vimineum]]'' - Wickerstem Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum tiehmii]]'' – Tiehm's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum viridescens]]'' - Twotooth Buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum thomasii]]'' – Thomas' buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum wrightii]]'' - Bastardsage
* ''[[Eriogonum thurberi]]'' – Thurber's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum thymoides]]'' – thymeleaf buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum tomentosum]]'' – dogtongue wild buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum trichopes]]'' – little desert trumpet
[[File:Eriogonumspergulinum.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum spergulinum]]'']]
[[File:Eriogonum umbellatum 4663.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Eriogonum umbellatum]]'']]
* ''[[Eriogonum tripodum]]'' – tripod buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum truncatum]]'' – Mount Diablo buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum umbellatum]]'' – sulphurflower buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum ursinum]]'' – talus buckwheat, Bear Valley buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum vimineum]]'' – wickerstem buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum viridescens]]'' – twotooth buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum visheri]]'' – Dakota wild buckwheat, Visher's buckwheat
* ''[[Eriogonum wrightii]]'' – bastardsage
* ''[[Eriogonum zapatoense]]''
* ''[[Eriogonum zapatoense]]''
* ''[[Eriogonum zionis]]'' – Zion buckwheat

==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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* [https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=11209 Genus treatment in the ''Jepson Manual'']
{{commons category-inline}}
{{wikispecies-inline}}
⚫
* [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5994 genus treatment in the ''Jepson Manual'']
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112045 Eriogonum in the ''Flora of North America'']
* [http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/05/24_buckwheat.shtml Mt. Diablo buckwheat rediscovered]
* [http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/05/24_buckwheat.shtml Mt. Diablo buckwheat rediscovered]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2707277}}
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[[Category:Polygonaceae]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Eriogonum]]


[[es:Eriogonum]]
[[Category:Eriogonum| ]]
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[[Category:Polygonaceae genera]]
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[[fr:Eriogonum]]
[[pl:Pokoślin]]
[[pt:Eriogonum]]

Latest revision as of 16:25, 6 May 2024

This article is about the North American plant known as wild buckwheat. For other plants which share the same common name, see Wild buckwheat (disambiguation).

Eriogonum
Eriogonum compositum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Polygonaceae
Subfamily: Eriogonoideae
Genus: Eriogonum
Michx.
Species

Over 250, see text

Eriogonum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae. The genus is found in North America and is known as wild buckwheat. This is a highly species-rich genus, and indications are that active speciation is continuing. It includes some common wildflowers such as the California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum).

The genus derived its name from the Greek word erion meaning 'wool' and gonu meaning 'knee or joint'. The author of the genus, Michaux, explained the name as describing the first named species of the genus (E. tomentosum) as a wooly plant with sharply bent stems ("planta lanata, geniculata").[1] Despite sharing the common name "buckwheat", Eriogonum is part of a different genus than the cultivated European buckwheat and than other plant species also called wild buckwheat.

It came into the news in 2005 when the Mount Diablo buckwheat (Eriogonum truncatum, believed to be extinct) was rediscovered.[2]

Ecology[edit]

Eriogonum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). An example of a butterfly that uses this plant for food is the Lycaena heteronea. Several of these are monophagous, meaning their caterpillars only feed on this genus, sometimes just on a single taxon of Eriogonum. Wild buckwheat flowers are also an important source of food for these and other Lepidoptera. In some cases, the relationship is so close that Eriogonum and dependent Lepidoptera are in danger of coextinction.

Monophagous Lepidoptera on wild buckwheat include:

Additionally, bees of the sagebrush steppe rely on the nectar of desert buckwheats, and birds and rodents eat the seeds.[3]

Uses[edit]

Some varieties of eriogonum, such as California buckwheat were and still are used as medicinal and food crops by Native American tribes.[4][5]

Selected species[edit]

Eriogonum hirtellum
Talus buckwheat
Eriogonum ursinum
Eriogonum wrightii var. subscaposum
Eriogonum thymoides
Eriogonum nidularium
Eriogonum inflatum
Eriogonum heermannii
Eriogonum crocatum
Eriogonum baileyi
Eriogonum spergulinum
Eriogonum umbellatum

References[edit]

  1. ^ André Michaux. Flora boreali americana. 1803. volume 1. page 247, Biodiversitylibrary.org
  2. ^ "05.24.2005 – Dainty pink Mt. Diablo buckwheat rediscovered". Berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
  3. ^ Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 28. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
  4. ^ "Ohlone Medicine". Archived from the original on 2018-08-26. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  5. ^ "Plant Uses: California : Native American Uses of California Plants - Ethnobotany" (PDF). Arboretum.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Grady, B. R. and J. L. Reveal. (2011). New combinations and a new species of Eriogonum (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae) from the Great Basin Desert, United States. Phytotaxa 24 33–38.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriogonum&oldid=1222553923"