Erythranthe guttata: Difference between revisions

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New publication on the controversy about usage of genus names for monkeyflowers.
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'''''Erythranthe guttata''''', with the common names '''seep monkeyflower''' and '''common yellow monkeyflower''', is a yellow [[Pollinator|bee-pollinated]] annual or perennial plant. It was formerly known as ''Mimulus guttatus''.<ref name=Barker>{{citation |authors=Barker, W.R.; Nesom, G.L.; Beardsley, P.M.; Fraga, N.S. |year=2012 |title=A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for ''Mimulus'', new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations |journal=Phytoneuron |volume=2012-39 |pages=1–60 |url=http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Phrymaceae.pdf}}</ref><ref name="WTU Herbarium2015"/><ref name="beardolm2">{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M.|last2=Yen|first2=Alan | last3 = Olmstead | first3 = R. G. | year = 2003 | title = AFLP Phylogeny of ''Mimulus'' Section ''Erythranthe'' and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination | journal = Evolution | volume = 57 | issue =6| pages = 1397–1410|jstor=3448862 | doi=10.1554/02-086}}</ref><ref name="beardolm1">{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M. | last2 = Olmstead | first2 = R. G. | year = 2002 | title = Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of ''Mimulus'', tribe Mimuleae, and ''Phryma'' | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/7/1093.full | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | issue = 7 | pages = 1093–1102 | doi=10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093| pmid = 21665709 |jstor=4122195}}</ref><ref name="Schoenig">{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M.|last2=Schoenig|first2=Steve E.| last3 = Whittall | first3 = Justen B. | last4 = Olmstead| first4 =Richard G. | year = 2004 | title =Patterns of Evolution in Western North American ''Mimulus'' (Phrymaceae) | journal = American Journal of Botany| volume =91 | issue =3| pages = 474–4890|jstor=4123743 | doi=10.3732/ajb.91.3.474| pmid = 21653403}}</ref>
'''''Erythranthe guttata''''', with the common names '''seep monkeyflower''' and '''common yellow monkeyflower''', is a yellow [[Pollinator|bee-pollinated]] annual or perennial plant. It was formerly known as ''Mimulus guttatus''.<ref name=Barker>{{citation |authors=Barker, W.R.; Nesom, G.L.; Beardsley, P.M.; Fraga, N.S. |year=2012 |title=A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for ''Mimulus'', new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations |journal=Phytoneuron |volume=2012-39 |pages=1–60 |url=http://www.phytoneuron.net/PhytoN-Phrymaceae.pdf}}</ref><ref name="WTU Herbarium2015"/><ref name="beardolm2">{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M.|last2=Yen|first2=Alan | last3 = Olmstead | first3 = R. G. | year = 2003 | title = AFLP Phylogeny of ''Mimulus'' Section ''Erythranthe'' and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination | journal = Evolution | volume = 57 | issue =6| pages = 1397–1410|jstor=3448862 | doi=10.1554/02-086}}</ref><ref name="beardolm1">{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M. | last2 = Olmstead | first2 = R. G. | year = 2002 | title = Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of ''Mimulus'', tribe Mimuleae, and ''Phryma'' | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/89/7/1093.full | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | issue = 7 | pages = 1093–1102 | doi=10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093| pmid = 21665709 |jstor=4122195}}</ref><ref name="Schoenig">{{cite journal | last1 = Beardsley | first1 = P. M.|last2=Schoenig|first2=Steve E.| last3 = Whittall | first3 = Justen B. | last4 = Olmstead| first4 =Richard G. | year = 2004 | title =Patterns of Evolution in Western North American ''Mimulus'' (Phrymaceae) | journal = American Journal of Botany| volume =91 | issue =3| pages = 474–4890|jstor=4123743 | doi=10.3732/ajb.91.3.474| pmid = 21653403}}</ref>


''Erythranthe guttata'' is a [[model organism]] for studies of evolution and ecology, and in that context is still referred to as ''Mimulus guttatus''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lowry|first=David B.|last2=Sobel|first2=James M.|last3=Angert|first3=Amy L.|last4=Ashman|first4=Tia‐Lynn|last5=Baker|first5=Robert L.|last6=Blackman|first6=Benjamin K.|last7=Brandvain|first7=Yaniv|last8=Byers|first8=Kelsey J.R.P.|last9=Cooley|first9=Arielle M.|last10=Coughlan|first10=Jennifer M.|last11=Dudash|first11=Michele R.|date=2019-11-15|title=The case for the continued use of the genus name
''Erythranthe guttata'' is a [[model organism]] for biological studies, and in that context is still referred to as ''Mimulus guttatus''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lowry|first=David B.|last2=Sobel|first2=James M.|last3=Angert|first3=Amy L.|last4=Ashman|first4=Tia‐Lynn|last5=Baker|first5=Robert L.|last6=Blackman|first6=Benjamin K.|last7=Brandvain|first7=Yaniv|last8=Byers|first8=Kelsey J.R.P.|last9=Cooley|first9=Arielle M.|last10=Coughlan|first10=Jennifer M.|last11=Dudash|first11=Michele R.|date=2019-11-15|title=The case for the continued use of the genus name
Mimulus
Mimulus
for all monkeyflowers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12122|journal=TAXON|doi=10.1002/tax.12122|issn=0040-0262}}</ref>. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.<ref name="genome">{{cite web|title=Welcome to mimulusevolution.org|url=http://www.mimulusevolution.org/|publisher=Mimulus Evolution|accessdate=2017-03-03}}</ref>
for all monkeyflowers|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12122|journal=TAXON|doi=10.1002/tax.12122|issn=0040-0262}}</ref>. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.<ref name="genome">{{cite web|title=Welcome to mimulusevolution.org|url=http://www.mimulusevolution.org/|publisher=Mimulus Evolution|accessdate=2017-03-03}}</ref>

Revision as of 16:09, 4 December 2019

Erythranthe guttata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Phrymaceae
Genus: Erythranthe
Species:
E. guttata
Binomial name
Erythranthe guttata
(Fisch. DC.) G.L.Nesom
Synonyms[1]
  • Mimulus guttatus Fisch. ex DC.
  • Mimulus langsdorffii var. guttatus (Fisch. ex DC.) Jeps.

Erythranthe guttata, with the common names seep monkeyflower and common yellow monkeyflower, is a yellow bee-pollinated annual or perennial plant. It was formerly known as Mimulus guttatus.[1][2][3][4][5]

Erythranthe guttata is a model organism for biological studies, and in that context is still referred to as Mimulus guttatus[6]. There may be as many as 1000 scientific papers focused on this species. The genome is (as of 2012) being studied in depth.[7]

Description

The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.

A highly variable plant, taking many forms, E. guttata is a species complex in that there is room to treat some of its forms as different species by some definitions.[8]

Erythranthe guttata is 10 to 80 cm tall with disproportionately large, 20 to 40 mm long, tubular flowers. The perennial form spreads with stolons or rhizomes. The stem may be erect or recumbent. In the latter form, roots may develop at leaf nodes. Sometimes dwarfed, it may be hairless or have some hairs.

Leaves are opposite, round to oval, usually coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed. The bright yellow flowers are born on a raceme, most often with five or more flowers.

The calyx has five lobes that are much shorter than the flower. Each flower has bilateral symmetry and has two lips. The upper lip usually has two lobes; the lower, three. The lower lip may have one large to many small red to reddish brown spots. The opening to the flower is hairy.[2][9][10][11][12][13]

Erythranthe guttata is pollinated by bees, such as Bombus species. Inbreeding reduces flower quantity and size and pollen quality and quantity. E. guttata also displays a high degree of self-pollination.[14][15] Erythranthe nasuta (Mimulus nasutus) evolved from E. guttata in central California between 200,000 and 500,000 years ago and since then has become primarily a self-pollinator. Other differences have occurred since then, such as genetic code variations and variations in plant morphology.[16][17] E. guttata prefers a wetter habitat than E. nasuta.[18]

Distribution

A herbaceous wildflower, Mimulus guttatus grows along the banks of streams and seeps throughout much of western North America from sea level to 12,000 feet (3,700 m).[19][20] Both annual and perennial forms occur throughout the species' range. It blooms during spring at low elevations, during summer at high elevations.[19]

It is found in a wide range of habitats including the splash zone of the Pacific Ocean, the chaparral of California, Western U.S. deserts, the geysers of Yellowstone National Park, alpine meadows, serpentine barrens, and even on the toxic tailings of copper mines. It is also very common in New Zealand near water bodies [21].

It is sometimes aquatic, its herbage floating in small bodies of water.

Cultivation

Erythranthe guttata is cultivated in the specialty horticulture trade and available as an ornamental plant for: traditional gardens; natural landscape, native plant, and habitat gardens.

Uses

The leaves are edible, they can be eaten raw or cooked.[22][23] Leaves are sometimes added to salads as a lettuce substitute, they have a slight bitter flavour.[24]

References

  1. ^ a b "A taxonomic conspectus of Phrymaceae: A narrowed circumscriptions for Mimulus, new and resurrected genera, and new names and combinations" (PDF), Phytoneuron, 2012–39: 1–60, 2012 {{citation}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  2. ^ a b Giblin, David (Editor) (2015). "Erythranthe guttata". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2015-03-31. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Yen, Alan; Olmstead, R. G. (2003). "AFLP Phylogeny of Mimulus Section Erythranthe and the Evolution of Hummingbird Pollination". Evolution. 57 (6): 1397–1410. doi:10.1554/02-086. JSTOR 3448862.
  4. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Olmstead, R. G. (2002). "Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma". American Journal of Botany. 89 (7): 1093–1102. doi:10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093. JSTOR 4122195. PMID 21665709.
  5. ^ Beardsley, P. M.; Schoenig, Steve E.; Whittall, Justen B.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "Patterns of Evolution in Western North American Mimulus (Phrymaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 91 (3): 474–4890. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.474. JSTOR 4123743. PMID 21653403.
  6. ^ Lowry, David B.; Sobel, James M.; Angert, Amy L.; Ashman, Tia‐Lynn; Baker, Robert L.; Blackman, Benjamin K.; Brandvain, Yaniv; Byers, Kelsey J.R.P.; Cooley, Arielle M.; Coughlan, Jennifer M.; Dudash, Michele R. (2019-11-15). "The case for the continued use of the genus name Mimulus for all monkeyflowers". TAXON. doi:10.1002/tax.12122. ISSN 0040-0262. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |title= at position 49 (help)
  7. ^ "Welcome to mimulusevolution.org". Mimulus Evolution. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  8. ^ Fishman, Lila; Kelly, Alan J.; Morgan, Emily; Willis, John H. (2001). "A Genetic Map in the Mimulus guttatus Species Complex Reveals Transmission Ratio Distortion due to Heterospecific Interactions". Genetics. 159 (4): 1701–1716. PMC 1461909. PMID 11779808.
  9. ^ Klinkenberg, Brian (Editor) (2014). "Mimulus guttatus". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2015-03-31. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". Jepson eFlora: Taxon page. Jepson Herbarium; University of California, Berkeley. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  11. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
  12. ^ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (2004). Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5.
  13. ^ Turner, Mark; Phyllis Gustafson (2006). Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-88192-745-0.
  14. ^ Carr, David E.; Roulston, T’ai H.; Hart, Haley (2014). "Inbreeding in Mimulus guttatus Reduces Visitation by Bumble Bee Pollinators". PLOS One. 9 (7): e101463. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101463. PMC 4103763. PMID 25036035.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  15. ^ Ritland, Kermit (1989). "Correlated Matings in the Partial Selfer Mimulus guttatus" (PDF). Evolution. 43 (4): 848–859. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb05182.x. JSTOR 2409312. PMID 28564194. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  16. ^ Brandvain, Yaniv; Kenney, Amanda M.; Flagel, Lex; Coop, Graham; Sweigert, Andrea L. (2014). "Speciation and Introgression between Mimulus nasutus and Mimulus guttatus". PLOS Genetics. 10 (6): e1004410. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004410. PMC 4072524. PMID 24967630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  17. ^ Dole, Jefferey A. (1992). "Reproductive Assurance Mechanisms in Three Taxa of the Mimulus guttatus Complex (Scrophulariaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 79 (6): 650–659. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb14607.x. JSTOR 2444881.
  18. ^ Kiang, Y. T.; Hamrick, J. L. (1978). "Reproductive Isolation in the Mimulus guttatus M. nasutus Complex". The American Midland Naturalist. 100 (2): 269–276. doi:10.2307/2424826. JSTOR 2424826.
  19. ^ a b Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Mimulus guttatus". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  20. ^ "Mimulus guttatus". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture; Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-31.
  21. ^ ""Erythranthe guttata"". Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  22. ^ Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing 1976
  23. ^ Arnberger. L. P. Flowers of the Southwest Mountains. Southwestern Monuments Ass. 1968
  24. ^ Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications 1990 ISBN 0-9628087-0-9

External links

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