Eucalyptus alligatrix: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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|name = |
|name = |
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|image= Eucalyptus alligatrix Gardenology.org-IMG 9342 rbgm10dec.jpg |
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|genus = Eucalyptus |
|genus = Eucalyptus |
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|species = alligatrix |
|species = alligatrix |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status = |
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| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=Fensham, R. |author2=Laffineur, B. |author3=Collingwood, T. |year=2019 |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T133377713A133377715 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T133377713A133377715.en |access-date=20 September 2021}}</ref> |
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|authority = [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]] & [[Ken Hill (botanist)|K.D.Hill]] |
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|authority = [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|L.A.S.Johnson]] & [[Ken Hill (botanist)|K.D.Hill]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455218|publisher=APC|access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref> |
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'''''Eucalyptus alligatrix''''' is a tree native to New South Wales and Victoria in southeastern Australia.<ref name="floransw">{{NSW Flora Online|genus=Eucalyptus |species=alligatrix|author=K.Hill}}</ref> |
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'''''Eucalyptus alligatrix''''', commonly known as the '''silver stringybark''',<ref name="ALA">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2911670#overview |publisher=Atlas of Living Australia |access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref> is a tree [[Endemism|endemic]] to southeastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually arranged in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or cone-shaped fruit.[[File:Eucalyptus alligatrix buds.jpg|thumb|225px|''E. alligatrix'' flower buds]] |
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==Description== |
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''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' is a tree that sometimes grows to a height of {{convert|30|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}. It has thick, fibrous, furrowed bark on the trunk and branches. The leaves on young plants and on [[coppice]] regrowth are arranged in opposite pairs, broadly egg-shaped to more or less round, {{convert|20-45|mm|in|1}} long, {{convert|25-50|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide and lack a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]. Juvenile leaves are also dull bluish green with a whitish bloom. Adult leaves are bluish green, lance-shaped, often curved, {{convert|55-200|mm|in|1}} long and {{convert|10-28|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide on a petiole {{convert|10-20|mm|in|1}} long.<ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Brooker |first1=M. Ian |last2=Slee |first2=Andrew V. |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/53153294-d8a7-49c5-8387-489281d843fa |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="OEH">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''alligatrix'' |url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedspeciesapp/profile.aspx?id=10281 |publisher=New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage |access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~alligatrix |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref> |
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The flowers buds are usually arranged in groups of three, sometimes seven, in leaf [[axil]]s. The groups are on a [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{convert|4-6|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} long, individual buds on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] up to {{convert|2|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} long. The buds are diamond-shaped to spindle-shaped, {{convert|6-8|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|4-5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} wide. The [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]] is cone-shaped and slightly shorter than the [[Hypanthium|floral cup]]. The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, bell-shaped or cone-shaped [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{convert|4-5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|4-8|mm|in|2|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name="RBGV" /><ref name="OEH" /><ref name="RBGS" /> |
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==Taxonomy and naming== |
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''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' was first formally described in 1991 by [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|Lawrie Johnson]] and [[Ken Hill (botanist)|Ken Hill]] from a specimen collected south-west of [[Jamieson, Victoria|Jamieson]]. The description was published in the journal ''[[Telopea (journal)|Telopea]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/456244|publisher=APNI|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> The [[Botanical nomenclature|specific epithet]] (''alligatrix'') is the [[Grammatical gender|feminine]] form of the [[Latin]] word ''alligator'' meaning "one who binds",<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=143}}</ref> hence "she who binds together", referring to the characteristics of this species that are intermediate between those of ''[[Eucalyptus cinerea|E. cinerea]]'' and ''[[Eucalyptus cephalocarpa|E. cephalocarpa]]''.<ref name="Telopea">{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lawrence A.S. |title=Systematic studies in the eucalypts - 3. New taxa and combinations in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) |journal=Telopea |date=1 March 1991 |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=237–238 |doi=10.7751/telopea19914928|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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In 1995, [[Ian Brooker]] and [[Andrew Slee]] described three subspecies and published the descriptions in ''[[Australian Systematic Botany]]'': |
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* ''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''alligatrix'' that grows to a height of {{convert|15|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} and has a [[Crown (botany)|crown]] with both adult and juvenile leaves when mature and with flower buds always in groups of three;<ref name="Euclid1" /><ref name="APNI1" /> |
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* ''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''limaensis'', commonly known as the '''Lima stringybark''' that grows to a height of {{convert|30|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} and has a [[Crown (botany)|crown]] with only adult leaves when mature and with flower buds always in groups of three;<ref name="Euclid2" /><ref name="APNI2" /> |
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* ''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''miscella'' that grows to a height of {{convert|15|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} and has a [[Crown (botany)|crown]] with only adult leaves when mature and with flower buds in groups of both three and seven on the same tree.<ref name="Euclid3" /><ref name="APNI3" /> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
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This eucalypt grows in woodland, often regenerating in previously cleared paddocks. |
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* Subspecies ''alligatrix'' grows in the [[Eildon, Victoria|Eildon]], [[Jamieson, Victoria|Jamieson]] and [[Big River (Goulburn River, Victoria)|Big River]] areas in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]];<ref name="Euclid1">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''alligatrix'' |url=http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/data/02050e02-0108-490e-8900-0e0601070d00/media/Html/Eucalyptus_alligatrix_subsp._alligatrix.htm |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''alligatrix''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/561227 |publisher=APNI|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Subspecies ''limaensis'' is only known from near [[Swanpool, Victoria|Swanpool]] in Victoria;<ref name="Euclid2">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''limaensis'' |url=http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/data/02050e02-0108-490e-8900-0e0601070d00/media/Html/Eucalyptus_alligatrix_subsp._limaensis.htm |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=APNI2>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''limaensis''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/556917|publisher=APNI|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> |
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* Subspecies ''miscella'' has a restricted distribution near [[Rylstone, New South Wales|Rylstone]] in [[New South Wales]].<ref name="Euclid3">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''miscella'' |url=http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org:8080/euclid/data/02050e02-0108-490e-8900-0e0601070d00/media/Html/Eucalyptus_alligatrix_subsp._miscella.htm |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=APNI3>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp. ''miscella''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/556918|publisher=APNI|access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> |
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==Conservation== |
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Subspecies ''limaensis'' and ''miscella'' are both classified as "Vulnerable" under the Australian Government ''[[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]]''. The main threats to Lima stringybark include ringbarking of trees by livestock, soil degradation, weed invasion and grazing. A recovery plan for the subspecies has been prepared.<ref name="recovery">{{cite web |last1=Murphy |first1=Anna H. |last2=Downe |first2=Judy |title=National Recovery Plan for the Lima Stringybark ''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subspecies ''limaensis'' |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/fe20b3a6-e572-4cfc-a0af-724bbc39b890/files/e-alligatrix.pdf |publisher=Australian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> Subspecies ''miscella'' is only known from a single grazing property near Rylstone where regeneration is minimal. The main threats to this subspecies include grazing by domestic livestock, clearing and habitat disruption due to human activities, inappropriate fire regimes and small population size.<ref name="environment">{{cite web |title=Approved Conservation Advice for ''Eucalyptus alligatrix'' subsp.'' miscella'' (a stringybark) |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/64341-conservation-advice.pdf |publisher=Australian Government Department of the Environment |access-date=26 February 2019}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q15396569}} |
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[[Category:Eucalyptus|alligatrix]] |
[[Category:Eucalyptus|alligatrix]] |
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[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]] |
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]] |
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Victoria (state)]] |
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[[Category:Trees of Australia]] |
[[Category:Trees of Australia]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1991]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Ken Hill (botanist)]] |
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{{Eucalyptus-stub}} |
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{{Australia-rosid-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 21:25, 16 March 2024
| Eucalyptus alligatrix | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | Eucalyptus |
| Species: | E. alligatrix
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| Binomial name | |
| Eucalyptus alligatrix | |
Eucalyptus alligatrix, commonly known as the silver stringybark,[3] is a tree endemic to southeastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous bark on the trunk and branches, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds usually arranged in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or cone-shaped fruit.
Description[edit]
Eucalyptus alligatrix is a tree that sometimes grows to a height of 30 m (98.4 ft). It has thick, fibrous, furrowed bark on the trunk and branches. The leaves on young plants and on coppice regrowth are arranged in opposite pairs, broadly egg-shaped to more or less round, 20–45 millimetres (0.8–1.8 in) long, 25–50 mm (1.0–2.0 in) wide and lack a petiole. Juvenile leaves are also dull bluish green with a whitish bloom. Adult leaves are bluish green, lance-shaped, often curved, 55–200 millimetres (2.2–7.9 in) long and 10–28 mm (0.4–1.1 in) wide on a petiole 10–20 millimetres (0.4–0.8 in) long.[4][5][6]
The flowers buds are usually arranged in groups of three, sometimes seven, in leaf axils. The groups are on a peduncle 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) long, individual buds on a pedicel up to 2 mm (0.1 in) long. The buds are diamond-shaped to spindle-shaped, 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide. The operculum is cone-shaped and slightly shorter than the floral cup. The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, bell-shaped or cone-shaped capsule 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) wide.[4][5][6]
Taxonomy and naming[edit]
Eucalyptus alligatrix was first formally described in 1991 by Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill from a specimen collected south-west of Jamieson. The description was published in the journal Telopea.[7] The specific epithet (alligatrix) is the feminine form of the Latin word alligator meaning "one who binds",[8] hence "she who binds together", referring to the characteristics of this species that are intermediate between those of E. cinerea and E. cephalocarpa.[9]
In 1995, Ian Brooker and Andrew Slee described three subspecies and published the descriptions in Australian Systematic Botany:
- Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. alligatrix that grows to a height of 15 m (49.2 ft) and has a crown with both adult and juvenile leaves when mature and with flower buds always in groups of three;[10][11]
- Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. limaensis, commonly known as the Lima stringybark that grows to a height of 30 m (98.4 ft) and has a crown with only adult leaves when mature and with flower buds always in groups of three;[12][13]
- Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. miscella that grows to a height of 15 m (49.2 ft) and has a crown with only adult leaves when mature and with flower buds in groups of both three and seven on the same tree.[14][15]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
This eucalypt grows in woodland, often regenerating in previously cleared paddocks.
- Subspecies alligatrix grows in the Eildon, Jamieson and Big River areas in Victoria;[10][11]
- Subspecies limaensis is only known from near Swanpool in Victoria;[12][13]
- Subspecies miscella has a restricted distribution near Rylstone in New South Wales.[14][15]
Conservation[edit]
Subspecies limaensis and miscella are both classified as "Vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The main threats to Lima stringybark include ringbarking of trees by livestock, soil degradation, weed invasion and grazing. A recovery plan for the subspecies has been prepared.[16] Subspecies miscella is only known from a single grazing property near Rylstone where regeneration is minimal. The main threats to this subspecies include grazing by domestic livestock, clearing and habitat disruption due to human activities, inappropriate fire regimes and small population size.[17]
References[edit]
- ^ Fensham, R.; Laffineur, B.; Collingwood, T. (2019). "Eucalyptus alligatrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T133377713A133377715. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T133377713A133377715.en. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- ^ "Eucalyptus alligatrix". APC. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus alligatrix". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ a b Brooker, M. Ian; Slee, Andrew V. "Eucalyptus alligatrix". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. alligatrix". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ a b Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus alligatrix". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
- ^ "Eucalyptus alligatrix". APNI. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 143.
- ^ Hill, Kenneth D.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (1 March 1991). "Systematic studies in the eucalypts - 3. New taxa and combinations in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 4 (2): 237–238. doi:10.7751/telopea19914928.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. alligatrix". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. alligatrix". APNI. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. limaensis". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. limaensis". APNI. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. miscella". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ a b "Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. miscella". APNI. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ Murphy, Anna H.; Downe, Judy. "National Recovery Plan for the Lima Stringybark Eucalyptus alligatrix subspecies limaensis" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
- ^ "Approved Conservation Advice for Eucalyptus alligatrix subsp. miscella (a stringybark)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 26 February 2019.