Eucalyptus elata: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}}
{{taxobox
{{speciesbox
|name = River peppermint
|name = River peppermint
|image = Eucalyptus elata.jpg
|image = Eucalyptus elata habit.jpg
|image_caption = ''Eucalyptus elata'', [[Melbourne]]
|image_caption = ''Eucalyptus elata'', lining [[Northbourne Avenue]], [[Canberra]]
|status =
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|status_system =
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
⚫
|genus = Eucalyptus
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicot]]s
⚫
|species = elata
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosid]]s
|authority = [[Friedrich Dehnhardt|Dehnh.]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus elata''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/106359|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref>
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|range_map = E. elata.JPG
|familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
⚫
|range_map_caption = ''E. elata'', field distribution
⚫
|genus = ''[[Eucalyptus]]''
|synonyms_ref =<ref name="APC" />
⚫
|species = '''''E. elata'''''
|synonyms =
|binomial = ''Eucalyptus elata''
* ''Eucalyptus andreana'' var. ''stenophylla'' <small>([[William Blakely]]) [[Alexander Kenneth Cameron|Cameron]]</small>
|binomial_authority =
* ''Eucalyptus lindleyana'' var. ''stenophylla'' <small>Blakely</small>
|}}
}}
⚫
[[Image:E. elata.JPG|left|thumb|''E. elata'', field distribution]]


'''''Eucalyptus elata''''', commonly known as the '''river peppermint''' or '''river white gum''',<ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus elata'' |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_elata.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref> is a species of medium to tall tree that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted bark on the lower trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, green to yellow flower buds arranged in groups of eleven to thirty or more, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.[[File:Eucalyptus elata buds.jpg|thumb|225px|buds and flowers]][[File:Eucalyptus elata fruit.jpg|thumb|225px|fruit]]
''Eucalyptus elata'', '''River peppermint''', '''River white gum''', is a medium to tall tree with rough bark on the lower trunk, compact with narrow longitudinal fissures, dark grey, shedding above in long ribbons, often remaining in the crown, to leave a smooth, grey, cream or whitish surface.


==Description==
Adult leaves are stalked, narrow-lanceolate to lanceolate to 12 x 2.8 cm, green.
''Eucalyptus elata'' is a tree that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|40|m}}, rarely a [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]] to {{cvt|6|m}}, and forms a [[lignotuber]]. It has rough, compact, dark grey bark, with narrow longitudinal fissures on the lower trunk. The bark on the upper trunk and branches is smooth, shedding in long ribbons often remaining in the crown, leaving a grey, cream-coloured or whitish surface. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have leaves arranged in opposite pairs, lance-shaped to curved, {{cvt|33-105|mm}} long and {{cvt|6-16|mm}} wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, {{cvt|60-220|mm}} long and {{cvt|6-20|mm}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|6-20|mm}} long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of between eleven and thirty or more in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s on an unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|4-12|mm}} long, the individual buds on a [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] {{cvt|3-5|mm}} long. Mature buds are club-shaped, {{cvt|2-4|mm}} long and {{cvt|1.5-3|mm}} wide with a conical to rounded [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. Flowering occurs from August to December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical or shortened spherical [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|3-5|mm}} long and {{cvt|3-6|mm}} wide with the valves enclosed below the rim.<ref name="CANBR" /><ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus elata'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20elata |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Eucalyptus elata'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~elata |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Brooker |first1=M. Ian H. |last2=Slee |first2=Andrew V. |title=''Eucalyptus elata'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/9bb63e24-56c2-4691-8486-0efe7a35e15e |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref>


==Taxonomy and naming==
White flowers appear in spring to summer.
''Eucalyptus elata'' was first described in 1829 by [[Friedrich Dehnhardt]] in his book, ''Catalogus Plantarum Horti Camaldulensis''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus elata''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455880 |publisher=APNI|access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Denhn.">{{cite book |last1=Dehnhardt |first1=Freidrich |title=Catalogus plantarum Horti Camaldulensis |date=1829 |page=26 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/16004/?offset=&height_top=50#page=26&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref> The [[Botanical name|specific epithet]] (''elata'') is a [[Latin]] word meaning "exalted", "high" or "lofty".<ref name="RWB">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|page=297}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
Distribution occurs on the central tablelands and southern coastal ranges of [[New South Wales]] and adjacent areas in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].
River peppermint usually grows along watercourse but sometimes also in undulating country, on rocky ridges or on scree slopes in forest. It grows near the coast and nearby tablelands south from [[Putty, New South Wales|Putty]] in New South Wales to eastern Victoria.<ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="RBGS" /><ref name="RBGV" />


==Uses==

===Use in horticulture===
''E. elata'' is widely cultivated as a street and ornamental tree for its beautiful upper smooth bark, rich green foliage and profusion of flowers that appear in spherical masses.<ref>Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. Field Guide to Eucalyptus, Bloomings, Melbourne 2001</ref>
''E. elata'' is widely cultivated as a street and ornamental tree for its beautiful upper smooth bark, rich green foliage and profusion of flowers that appear in spherical masses.<ref>Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. Field Guide to Eucalyptus, Bloomings, Melbourne 2001</ref>


===Essential oils===
The leaves have been distilled commercially for a [[piperitone]] based [[essential oil]].<ref>Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, ''Eucalyptus Leaf Oils'', 1991, ISBN 0-909605-69-6</ref>
The leaves of ''E. elata'' have been distilled commercially for a [[piperitone]] based [[essential oil]].<ref>Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, ''Eucalyptus Leaf Oils'', 1991, {{ISBN|0-909605-69-6}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
<references/>

{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2709149}}
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[[Category:Eucalyptus|Elata]]

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[[Category:Eucalyptus|elata]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Flora of Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Flora of the Australian Capital Territory]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1829]]

[[fr:Eucalyptus elata]]

Latest revision as of 00:30, 7 May 2023

River peppermint
Eucalyptus elata, lining Northbourne Avenue, Canberra
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. elata
Binomial name
Eucalyptus elata
E. elata, field distribution
Synonyms[1]

Eucalyptus elata, commonly known as the river peppermint or river white gum,[2] is a species of medium to tall tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, compacted bark on the lower trunk, smooth bark above, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, green to yellow flower buds arranged in groups of eleven to thirty or more, white flowers and hemispherical or shortened spherical fruit.

buds and flowers
fruit

Description[edit]

Eucalyptus elata is a tree that typically grows to a height of 40 m (130 ft), rarely a mallee to 6 m (20 ft), and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, compact, dark grey bark, with narrow longitudinal fissures on the lower trunk. The bark on the upper trunk and branches is smooth, shedding in long ribbons often remaining in the crown, leaving a grey, cream-coloured or whitish surface. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves arranged in opposite pairs, lance-shaped to curved, 33–105 mm (1.3–4.1 in) long and 6–16 mm (0.24–0.63 in) wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, 60–220 mm (2.4–8.7 in) long and 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) wide on a petiole 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of between eleven and thirty or more in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. Mature buds are club-shaped, 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long and 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) wide with a conical to rounded operculum. Flowering occurs from August to December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical or shortened spherical capsule 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) wide with the valves enclosed below the rim.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming[edit]

Eucalyptus elata was first described in 1829 by Friedrich Dehnhardt in his book, Catalogus Plantarum Horti Camaldulensis.[6][7] The specific epithet (elata) is a Latin word meaning "exalted", "high" or "lofty".[8]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

River peppermint usually grows along watercourse but sometimes also in undulating country, on rocky ridges or on scree slopes in forest. It grows near the coast and nearby tablelands south from Putty in New South Wales to eastern Victoria.[3][4][5]

Uses[edit]

Use in horticulture[edit]

E. elata is widely cultivated as a street and ornamental tree for its beautiful upper smooth bark, rich green foliage and profusion of flowers that appear in spherical masses.[9]

Essential oils[edit]

The leaves of E. elata have been distilled commercially for a piperitone based essential oil.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Eucalyptus elata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  2. ^ a b "Eucalyptus elata". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
  3. ^ a b Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus elata". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  4. ^ a b Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus elata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  5. ^ a b Brooker, M. Ian H.; Slee, Andrew V. "Eucalyptus elata". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  6. ^ "Eucalyptus elata". APNI. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  7. ^ Dehnhardt, Freidrich (1829). Catalogus plantarum Horti Camaldulensis. p. 26. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  8. ^ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 297.
  9. ^ Brooker, M.I.H. & Kleinig, D.A. Field Guide to Eucalyptus, Bloomings, Melbourne 2001
  10. ^ Boland, D.J., Brophy, J.J., and A.P.N. House, Eucalyptus Leaf Oils, 1991, ISBN 0-909605-69-6
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