Eucalyptus fraseri: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
|name=Balladonia gum
|name = Balladonia gum
|image=
|image = Eucalyptus fraseri.jpg
|image_caption = ''Eucalyptus fraseri'' growing near [[Balladonia, Western Australia|Balladonia]]
|caption=
|status =
|status =
|status_system =
|status_system =
|genus = Eucalyptus
|genus = Eucalyptus
|species = fraseri
|species = fraseri
|authority = ([[Ian Brooker|Brooker]]) Brooker<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus fraseri''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/83569|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>
|authority = [[Ian Brooker|Brooker]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
⚫
|}}
|synonyms = ''Eucalyptus conglobata'' subsp. ''fraseri'' <small>Brooker</small>
⚫
}}


'''''Eucalyptus fraseri''''', commonly known as '''Balladonia gum''', is a tree that is native to [[Western Australia]].<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Eucalyptus fraseri''|id=5653}}</ref>
'''''Eucalyptus fraseri''''', commonly known as '''Balladonia gum''',<ref name=FloraBase>{{FloraBase|name=''Eucalyptus fraseri''|id=5653}}</ref> is a species of tree or [[Mallet (habit)|mallet]] that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to Western Australia. It has smooth white to greyish bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit.[[File:Eucalyptus fraseri buds.jpg|thumb|225px|flower buds]][[File:Eucalyptus fraseri fruit.jpg|thumb|225px|fruit]]


==Description==
The tree typically grows to a height of {{convert|5|to|20|m|ft|0}} and has smooth bark that is rough around the trunk. It blooms between January and March producing white flowers.
''Eucalyptus fraseri'' is a tree or mallet that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|5-20|m}} but does not form a [[lignotuber]]. It has smooth white to greyish bark that is shed in ribbons, sometimes with rough, dark bark near the base. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have dull bluish to [[wikt:glaucous#Adjective|glaucous]], [[Petiole (botany)|petiolate]] leaves that are egg-shaped, {{cvt|75-105|mm}} long and {{cvt|35-65|mm}} wide. Adult leaves are the same glossy green on both sides when mature, lance-shaped or curved, {{cvt|90-170|mm}} long and {{cvt|13-35|mm}} wide on a petiole {{cvt|15-33|mm}} long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s in groups of seven or nine on a thick, unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|5-10|mm}} long, the individual buds [[Sessility (botany)|sessile]] or on [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] up to {{cvt|3|mm}} long. Mature buds are oval, {{cvt|10-15|mm}} long and {{cvt|6-7|mm}} wide with a conical [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]] that is often striated. Flowering occurs between January and March or April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|7-11|mm}} long and {{cvt|7-10|mm}} wide with the valves near rim level.<ref name="FloraBase" /><ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus fraseri'' |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_fraseri_subsp._fraseri.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus fraseri'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20fraseri |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>


==Taxonomy and naming==
The species is found on open plains, low dunes and hilly forested areas in the [[Goldfields-Esperance]] region of Western Australia growing in calcareous loam or sandy soils over [[limestone]].<ref name=FloraBase/>
Balladonia gum was first formally in 1972 by [[Ian Brooker]] in the journal ''[[Nuytsia (journal)|Nuytsia]]'' and was given the name ''Eucalyptus conglobata'' subsp. ''fraseri''. Brooker collected the [[Type (biology)|type]] specimen near [[Balladonia, Western Australia|Balladonia]].<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus conglobata'' subsp. ''fraseri''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/456022|publisher=APNI|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Nuytsia">{{cite journal |last1=Brooker |first1=M. Ian H. |title=Four new taxa of ''Eucalyptus'' from Western Australia |journal=Nuytsia |date=1972 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=251–253 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223212#page/37/mode/1up |access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> In 1976, Brooker raised the subspecies to species status as ''Eucalyptus fraseri''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus fraseri''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/455278|publisher=APNI|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> The [[botanical name|specific epithet]] (''fraseri'') honours Sir [[Malcolm Fraser (surveyor)|Malcolm Fraser]], [[Surveyor General of Western Australia]] from 1872 to 1883.<ref name="CANBR" />

In 2001, [[Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson|Lawrie Johnson]] and [[Ken Hill (botanist)|Ken Hill]] described two subspecies and the names have been accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]]:<ref name="Telopea">{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Kenneth D. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lawrence A.S. |last3=Blaxell |first3=Donald F. |title=Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 11 - New taxa and combination in ''Eucalyptus'' Section ''Dumaria'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Telopea |date=2001 |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=298–299|doi=10.7751/telopea20013003 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* ''Eucalyptus fraseri'' <small>(Brooker) Brooker</small> subsp. ''fraseri''<ref name=APC1>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus fraseri'' subsp. ''fraseri''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/140088|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> has smooth bark throughout;<ref name="Telopea" /><ref name=FloraBase1>{{FloraBase|name=''Eucalyptus fraseri'' subsp. ''fraseri''|id=14277}}</ref>
* ''Eucalyptus fraseri'' subsp. ''melanobasis'' L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill<ref name=APC2>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus fraseri'' subsp. ''melanobasis''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/170830|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> has a stocking of thick, hard black bark on the lower {{cvt|1.5-4|m}} of the trunk.<ref name="Telopea" /><ref name=FloraBase2>{{FloraBase|name=''Eucalyptus fraseri'' subsp. ''melanobasis''|id=14276}}</ref>

==Distribution and Habitat==
''Eucalyptus fraseri'' grows in open shrubland on open plains, low dunes and hilly areas between [[Norseman, Western Australia|Norseman]], [[Scaddan, Western Australia|Scaddan]] and Balladonia growing in calcareous loam or sandy soils over [[limestone]]. Subspecies ''melanobasis'' has a distribution restricted to the upper parts of the Fraser Range.<ref name="FloraBase" /><ref name="ABRS" /><ref name="FloraBase1" /><ref name="FloraBase2" />

==Conservation status==
Subspecies ''fraseri'' is classified as "not threatened"<ref name="FloraBase1" /> but subspecies ''melanobasis'' is classified as "[[Declared Rare and Priority Flora List|Priority Two]]" by the Western Australian Government [[Department of Parks and Wildlife (Western Australia)|Department of Parks and Wildlife]],<ref name="FloraBase" /> meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.<ref name=codes>{{cite web|title=Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna|url=https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf|publisher=Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Trees}}
*[[List of Eucalyptus species|List of ''Eucalyptus'' species]]
*[[List of Eucalyptus species|List of ''Eucalyptus'' species]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15398121}}



[[Category:Eucalyptus|fraseri]]
[[Category:Eucalyptus|fraseri]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Mallees (habit)]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Rosids of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Eucalypts of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Goldfields-Esperance]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1972]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1976]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ian Brooker]]

Latest revision as of 11:00, 7 March 2021

Balladonia gum
Eucalyptus fraseri growing near Balladonia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. fraseri
Binomial name
Eucalyptus fraseri
(Brooker) Brooker[1]
Synonyms[1]

Eucalyptus conglobata subsp. fraseri Brooker

Eucalyptus fraseri, commonly known as Balladonia gum,[2] is a species of tree or mallet that is endemic to Western Australia. It has smooth white to greyish bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical fruit.

flower buds
fruit

Description[edit]

Eucalyptus fraseri is a tree or mallet that typically grows to a height of 5–20 m (16–66 ft) but does not form a lignotuber. It has smooth white to greyish bark that is shed in ribbons, sometimes with rough, dark bark near the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish to glaucous, petiolate leaves that are egg-shaped, 75–105 mm (3.0–4.1 in) long and 35–65 mm (1.4–2.6 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same glossy green on both sides when mature, lance-shaped or curved, 90–170 mm (3.5–6.7 in) long and 13–35 mm (0.51–1.38 in) wide on a petiole 15–33 mm (0.59–1.30 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven or nine on a thick, unbranched peduncle 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long, the individual buds sessile or on pedicels up to 3 mm (0.12 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide with a conical operculum that is often striated. Flowering occurs between January and March or April and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped, conical or hemispherical capsule 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) wide with the valves near rim level.[2][3][4]

Taxonomy and naming[edit]

Balladonia gum was first formally in 1972 by Ian Brooker in the journal Nuytsia and was given the name Eucalyptus conglobata subsp. fraseri. Brooker collected the type specimen near Balladonia.[5][6] In 1976, Brooker raised the subspecies to species status as Eucalyptus fraseri.[7] The specific epithet (fraseri) honours Sir Malcolm Fraser, Surveyor General of Western Australia from 1872 to 1883.[3]

In 2001, Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described two subspecies and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:[8]

  • Eucalyptus fraseri (Brooker) Brooker subsp. fraseri[9] has smooth bark throughout;[8][10]
  • Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis L.A.S.Johnson & K.D.Hill[11] has a stocking of thick, hard black bark on the lower 1.5–4 m (4 ft 11 in – 13 ft 1 in) of the trunk.[8][12]

Distribution and Habitat[edit]

Eucalyptus fraseri grows in open shrubland on open plains, low dunes and hilly areas between Norseman, Scaddan and Balladonia growing in calcareous loam or sandy soils over limestone. Subspecies melanobasis has a distribution restricted to the upper parts of the Fraser Range.[2][4][10][12]

Conservation status[edit]

Subspecies fraseri is classified as "not threatened"[10] but subspecies melanobasis is classified as "Priority Two" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife,[2] meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations.[13]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Eucalyptus fraseri". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d "Eucalyptus fraseri". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. ^ a b "Eucalyptus fraseri". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus fraseri". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  5. ^ "Eucalyptus conglobata subsp. fraseri". APNI. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  6. ^ Brooker, M. Ian H. (1972). "Four new taxa of Eucalyptus from Western Australia". Nuytsia. 1 (3): 251–253. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Eucalyptus fraseri". APNI. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  8. ^ a b c Hill, Kenneth D.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S.; Blaxell, Donald F. (2001). "Systematic studies in the eucalypts. 11 - New taxa and combination in Eucalyptus Section Dumaria (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 9 (2): 298–299. doi:10.7751/telopea20013003.
  9. ^ "Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. fraseri". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  10. ^ a b c "Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. fraseri". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  11. ^ "Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Eucalyptus fraseri subsp. melanobasis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  13. ^ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
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