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{{Short description|Species of eucalyptus}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
⚫
| image = Eucalyptus imlayensis stem.JPG
|name = Mount Imlay mallee
⚫
| image_caption = One of the few healthy stems of ''Eucalyptus imlayensis'', [[Mount Imlay National Park|Mount Imlay]], [[Australia]]
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|image = Eucalyptus imlayensis stem.JPG
⚫
|image_caption = Stem of ''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' in [[Mount Imlay National Park|Mount Imlay]]
|status = EN
|status = EN
|status_system = EPBC
|status_system = EPBC
⚫
|genus = Eucalyptus
|status_ref= <ref name="SPRAT">{{SPRAT | name = ''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' — Imlay Mallee | id = 12623 | accessdate= 14 Dec 2013 }}</ref>
⚫
|species = imlayensis
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|authority = [[Michael Crisp|Crisp]] & [[Ian Brooker|Brooker]]<ref name=APC>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis''|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/71543|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref>
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
⚫
}}
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicot]]s

|unranked_ordo = [[Rosid]]s
'''''Eucalyptus imlayensis''''', commonly known as the '''Mount Imlay mallee''',<ref name="CANBR">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' |url=https://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/entities/eucalyptus_imlayensis.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> is a species of small, straggly [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]] that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the far south east of New South Wales, only occurring near the summit of [[Mount Imlay National Park|Mount Imlay]]. It has mostly smooth bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical fruit.<ref>G.Philips - NSW Herbarium</ref>[[File:Eucalyptus imlayensis buds.jpg|thumb|225px|flower buds]][[File:Eucalyptus imlayensis fruit.jpg|thumb|225px|fruit]]
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Eucalyptus]]''
⚫
|species = '''''E. imlayensis'''''
|binomial = ''Eucalyptus imlayensis''
|binomial_authority = Crisp & [[Ian Brooker|Brooker]]
⚫
|}}
'''''Eucalyptus imlayensis''''', '''the Mount Imlay Mallee''' is a [[eucalyptus]] plant. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the far south east of [[New South Wales]],<ref>A Field Guide to Eucalypts - Brooker & Kleinig volume 1, ISBN 0-909605-62-9 page 210</ref> only occurring near the summit of [[Mount Imlay National Park|Mount Imlay]].


== Description ==
== Description ==
''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' is a mallee that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|7|m}} and forms a [[lignotuber]]. It has smooth bark that is shed in ribbons, curling over near the base. The bark is green when fresh, ageing to orange, brown then grey. Young plants and [[coppice]] regrowth have stems that are more or less square in cross-section with wings on the corners. Juvenile leaves are mostly arranged in opposite pairs, [[Sessility (botany)|sessile]], elliptic to egg-shaped, {{cvt|40-75|mm}} long and {{cvt|15-30|mm}} wide. Adult leaves are quite thick, veiny, lance-shaped or curved, the same glossy green on both sides, {{cvt|75-150|mm}} long and {{cvt|15-30|mm}} wide on a [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] {{cvt|10-16|mm}} long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on an unbranched [[Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]] {{cvt|2-5|mm}} long, the buds sessile. Mature buds are oval, {{cvt|5-6|mm}} long and {{cvt|3-4|mm}} wide with a conical to slightly beaked [[Operculum (botany)|operculum]]. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical [[Capsule (botany)|capsule]] {{cvt|4-5|mm}} long and {{cvt|6-7|mm}} wide and sessile with a prominent disc and the valves protruding beyond the rim of the fruit.<ref name="CANBR" /><ref>A Field Guide to Eucalypts - Brooker & Kleinig volume 1, {{ISBN|0-909605-62-9}} page 210</ref><ref name="ABRS">{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Eucalyptus%20imlayensis |publisher=Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~imlayensis |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref>


==Taxonomy and naming==
A typical [[mallee (habit)|mallee]] in appearance, growing to 7 metres tall.<ref name="Eucalyptus imlayensis">{{cite web |title=Eucalyptus imlayensis|work=PlantNET - NSW Flora Online|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Eucalyptus~imlayensis|accessdate=2010-01-17}}</ref> Bark is smooth, though it sheds in ribbons, curling over near the base. Bark is green when fresh, aging to orange, brown then grey. Juvenile leaves are ovate, without stalks. Sometimes slightly toothed. Adult leaves are quite thick, veiny, straight or curved, 15&nbsp;cm by 2&nbsp;cm. The same glossy green above as below the leaf. Leaves held fairly erect. Cream or white flowers form in threes, though the flowering period is not recorded. Gumnuts are stalk-less or practically so, on a flattened stem. The disc surrounding the gumnut is prominent. The stems of seedlings are square in cross section, "winged" at the edges.
''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' was first formally described in 1980 by [[Michael Crisp]] and [[Ian Brooker]] from a specimen collected on Mount Imlay in 1978 and the description was published in the journal ''[[Telopea (journal)|Telopea]]''.
The specific epithet ''imlayensis'' is from the [[Type (biology)|type]] location on Mount Imlay.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/454965 |publisher=APNI|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Telopea">{{cite journal |last1=Crisp |first1=Michael D. |last2=Brooker |first2=M. Ian H. |title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis'', a new species from a mountain of south coastal New South Wales |journal=Telopea |date=1980 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=41 |doi=10.7751/telopea19804107 |url=https://archive.org/stream/telopea2natia/telopea2natia_djvu.txt |access-date=28 July 2019|doi-access=free }}</ref>


This eucalypt is placed in the subgenus ''Symphyomyrtus'', section ''Maidenaria'', along with ''[[Eucalyptus johnstonii|E. johnstonii]]'', ''[[Eucalyptus subcrenulata|E. subcrenulata]]'' and ''[[Eucalyptus vernicosa|E. vernicosa]]''.<ref name="CANBR" />
== Habitat ==


==Distribution and habitat==
This small eucalyptus occurs on a rocky slope, near the mountain's summit. Growing as a multi-stemmed mallee, surrounded by low [[heathland]] plants on mossy ground. Average annual rainfall at [[Eden, New South Wales|Eden]] on the coast is 866&nbsp;mm. However, the rainfall on the mountain would be considerably higher. Mountain mists add extra moisture to the habitat. The soils are poor in nutrient, based from [[sandstone]] and [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] rocks.<ref>[[Floyd, A.G.]], Australian Rainforests in New South Wales Volume 2 - 1990 ISBN 0-949324-32-9 page 150 (this is a description of the rocks at the rainforest, 250 metres to the south). Plant Net claims the rocks are granite. Presumably, this is an error</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NSW Department of Environment, Water & Climate Change|work=Geology of Mount Imlay National Park|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkGeology.aspx?id=N0023}}</ref> These sedimentary rocks are from the [[Devonian]] period, laid down 395 to 345 million years ago. Part of the Merimbula group placed above [[Ordovician]] sediments.
The Mount Imlay mallee grows in mossy shrubland dominated by [[Leptospermum scoparium|tea tree]] on a steep [[quartzite]] outcrop and is only known from the [[Mount Imlay National Park]]. Other nearby species include the rare [[Boronia imlayensis|Imlay boronia]], [[Cassytha pubescens|devil's twine]], [[Derwentia perfoliata|digger's speedwell]], [[Dianella tasmanica|Tasmanian flax-lily]], [[Doodia media|rasp fern]], [[Lomandra longifolia|spiny-head mat-rush]], [[Melaleuca squarrosa|scented paperbark]], [[Oxylobium ellipticum|common shaggy pea]] and [[Prostanthera walteri|blotchy mint-bush]]. The ground layer is dominated by mosses. The soils are poor in nutrient, based from [[sandstone]] and [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] rocks.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqXwAAAAMAAJ&q=Surrey+Beatty+%26+Sons|title=Australian Rainforests in New South Wales |first=Alexander G. |last=Floyd |author-link=Alexander Floyd |publisher=Surrey Beatty & Sons with [[National Parks and Wildlife Service (New South Wales)|National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales]] |location=[[Chipping Norton, New South Wales|Chipping Norton, Australia]] |year=1990 |publication-date=1990-08-31 |volume=2 |isbn=0-949324-32-9 |page=150 |access-date=2011-02-02}} [https://www.bookdepository.com/Australian-Rainforests-New-South-Wales-Vol-2-Alexander-G-Floyd/9780949324320?ref=grid-view&qid=1597147258803&sr=1-1 (other publication details, included in citation)] (NOTE: this is a description of the rocks at the rainforest, 250 metres to the south)</ref><ref name="environment">{{cite web |title=Approved Conservation Advice for ''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' (Imlay Mallee) |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/12623-conservation-advice.pdf |publisher=Australian Government Department of the Environment |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="OEH">{{cite web |title=''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' - critically endangered species listing |url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/threatened-species/nsw-threatened-species-scientific-committee/determinations/final-determinations/2008-2010/eucalyptus-imlayensis-critically-endangered-species-listing |publisher=New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage |access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref>


==Conservation status==
Nearby species include the rare [[Boronia imlayensis|Imlay Boronia]], also only found on this mountain. Other nearby plants include [[Leptospermum scoparium|Tea Tree]], [[Cassytha pubescens|Devil's Twine]], [[Derwentia perfoliata|Digger's Speedwell]], [[Dianella tasmanica|Tasmanian Flax-lily]], [[Doodia media|Rasp Fern]], [[Lomandra longifolia|Spiny-head Mat-rush]], [[Melaleuca squarrosa|Scented Paperbark]], [[Oxylobium ellipticum|Common Shaggy Pea]], [[Eucalyptus radiata|Narrow-leaved Peppermint]] and [[Prostanthera walteri|Blotchy Mint-bush]].
''Eucalyptus imlayensis'' is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government [[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999]] and as "critically endangered" under the New South Wales Government ''[[Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995]]''. The main threats to the species are its small population size in a single location, damage by gall-forming [[Psyllidae|psyllids]] and lack of seedling recruitment. Dieback caused by the fungus ''[[Phytophthora cinnamomi]]'' and habitat modification caused by fire are potential threats. The population of mature trees was estimated to be about 80 in 2007.<ref name="environment" /><ref name="OEH" />

The Imlay Mallee has probably adapted to the relatively high levels of rainfall, mountain mist, and occasional [[Bushfires in Australia|fires]]. It is suggested that changes to the micro habitat may be hazardous to the plant's survival.<ref name="npws.nsw.gov.au">{{cite web|title=NSW Department of Environment, Water & Climate Change|work=Mount Imlay National Park - Native Vegetation|url=http://npws.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkVegetation.aspx?id=N0023}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==

The [[holotype]] of this species was collected in May 1979. The specific epithet ''imlayensis'' is named after Mount Imlay. This plant was placed in the Eucalyptus genus. Within the subgenus ''Symphyomyrtus'', the section ''Maidenaria'', the series ''Johnstonianae'' and the subseries ''Imlayensosae''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eucalyptus imlayensis|work=Eucalink, A Web Guide to the Eucalypts|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/euctax.pl?/PlantNet/Euc=&name=Eucalyptus+imlayensis}}</ref> This isolated species appears to be related to the eucalyptus plants of [[Tasmania]].<ref name="npws.nsw.gov.au"/>

== Dieback ==

The fungus [[Phytophthora cinnamomi]] is a possible cause for the deaths of individual Imlay Mallees in recent times, as is insect attack and drought. Galls on leaves have been observed, caused by an unknown [[psyllid]]. Despite the requirement of fires to promote seed germination and new growth in many eucalyptus species, it is not considered advisable to burn this area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eucalyptus imlayensis|work=NSW Threatened Species |url=http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=10296}}</ref>

The population of this species consists of around 80 mature plants, with no juveniles. Natural regeneration seldom occurs,<ref>{{cite web |title=NSW Department of Environment, Water & Climate Change|work=Eucalyptus imlayensis - critically endangered species listing|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/determinations/eucalyptusimlayensisFD.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NSW Department of Environment, Water & Climate Change|work=Approved Conservation Advice for
Eucalyptus imlayensis (Imlay Mallee)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/12623-conservation-advice.pdf}}</ref> though the tree may re-sprout from the base after fire. In recent years the population has [[Forest dieback|declined]], and the Imlay Mallee is now considered [[critically endangered]] by [[extinction]] in New South Wales.<ref name="Eucalyptus imlayensis"/>


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<gallery>
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== References & Further Reading ==
== References and further reading ==
{{Reflist | 27em }}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q13634377}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Eucalyptus Imlayensis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eucalyptus Imlayensis}}
[[Category:Eucalyptus|imlayensis]]
[[Category:Eucalyptus|imlayensis]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Mallees (habit)]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Myrtales of Australia]]
[[Category:Trees of Australia]]
[[Category:Critically endangered flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Critically endangered flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Ian Brooker]]
[[Category:Mallees]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1980]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Michael Crisp]]

Latest revision as of 17:20, 2 April 2023

Mount Imlay mallee
Stem of Eucalyptus imlayensis in Mount Imlay
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species:
E. imlayensis
Binomial name
Eucalyptus imlayensis

Eucalyptus imlayensis, commonly known as the Mount Imlay mallee,[2] is a species of small, straggly mallee that is endemic to the far south east of New South Wales, only occurring near the summit of Mount Imlay. It has mostly smooth bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical fruit.[3]

flower buds
fruit

Description[edit]

Eucalyptus imlayensis is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 7 m (23 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth bark that is shed in ribbons, curling over near the base. The bark is green when fresh, ageing to orange, brown then grey. Young plants and coppice regrowth have stems that are more or less square in cross-section with wings on the corners. Juvenile leaves are mostly arranged in opposite pairs, sessile, elliptic to egg-shaped, 40–75 mm (1.6–3.0 in) long and 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) wide. Adult leaves are quite thick, veiny, lance-shaped or curved, the same glossy green on both sides, 75–150 mm (3.0–5.9 in) long and 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) wide on a petiole 10–16 mm (0.39–0.63 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on an unbranched peduncle 2–5 mm (0.079–0.197 in) long, the buds sessile. Mature buds are oval, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide with a conical to slightly beaked operculum. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical capsule 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) wide and sessile with a prominent disc and the valves protruding beyond the rim of the fruit.[2][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming[edit]

Eucalyptus imlayensis was first formally described in 1980 by Michael Crisp and Ian Brooker from a specimen collected on Mount Imlay in 1978 and the description was published in the journal Telopea. The specific epithet imlayensis is from the type location on Mount Imlay.[7][8]

This eucalypt is placed in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus, section Maidenaria, along with E. johnstonii, E. subcrenulata and E. vernicosa.[2]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

The Mount Imlay mallee grows in mossy shrubland dominated by tea tree on a steep quartzite outcrop and is only known from the Mount Imlay National Park. Other nearby species include the rare Imlay boronia, devil's twine, digger's speedwell, Tasmanian flax-lily, rasp fern, spiny-head mat-rush, scented paperbark, common shaggy pea and blotchy mint-bush. The ground layer is dominated by mosses. The soils are poor in nutrient, based from sandstone and conglomerate rocks.[9][10][11]

Conservation status[edit]

Eucalyptus imlayensis is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "critically endangered" under the New South Wales Government Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. The main threats to the species are its small population size in a single location, damage by gall-forming psyllids and lack of seedling recruitment. Dieback caused by the fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi and habitat modification caused by fire are potential threats. The population of mature trees was estimated to be about 80 in 2007.[10][11]

  • Imlay Mallee with Devil's Twine
    Imlay Mallee with Devil's Twine
  • Imlay Mallee
    Imlay Mallee
  • base of an Imlay Mallee
    base of an Imlay Mallee
  • Mossy ground near the Imlay Mallee
    Mossy ground near the Imlay Mallee

References and further reading[edit]

  1. ^ "Eucalyptus imlayensis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Eucalyptus imlayensis". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  3. ^ G.Philips - NSW Herbarium
  4. ^ A Field Guide to Eucalypts - Brooker & Kleinig volume 1, ISBN 0-909605-62-9 page 210
  5. ^ Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus imlayensis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  6. ^ Hill, Ken. "Eucalyptus imlayensis". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  7. ^ "Eucalyptus imlayensis". APNI. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  8. ^ Crisp, Michael D.; Brooker, M. Ian H. (1980). "Eucalyptus imlayensis, a new species from a mountain of south coastal New South Wales". Telopea. 2 (1): 41. doi:10.7751/telopea19804107. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  9. ^ Floyd, Alexander G. (1990). Australian Rainforests in New South Wales. Vol. 2. Chipping Norton, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons with National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales (published 1990-08-31). p. 150. ISBN 0-949324-32-9. Retrieved 2011-02-02. (other publication details, included in citation) (NOTE: this is a description of the rocks at the rainforest, 250 metres to the south)
  10. ^ a b "Approved Conservation Advice for Eucalyptus imlayensis (Imlay Mallee)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Eucalyptus imlayensis - critically endangered species listing". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
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