T28 super-heavy tank and Acral lentiginous melanoma: Difference between pages

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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
:'' For other uses, see [[T28]] or [[T95 (disambiguation)]]''
Name = Acral lentiginous melanoma |
{{Infobox Weapon
ICD10 = C43 |
|name=T28/T95 GMC
ICD9 = {{ICD9|172.0}}-{{ICD9|173.9}} |
|image=[[Image:T-28-1.jpg|300px]]
ICDO = {{ICDO|8744|3}} |
|caption=
|origin= United States
|type= Super-heavy [[tank destroyer]]
|is_vehicle=yes
|length= 36 ft 6 in (11.1 m)
|width= 14 ft 11 in (4.39 m)
|height= 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
|weight=95 [[short tons]] (86.2 [[metric tons]], 85 [[long tons]])
|suspension=double track
|speed= 8 mph (13 km/h)
|vehicle_range= 100 mi (160 km)
|primary_armament=105 mm T5E1 gun, with 62 rounds
|secondary_armament= .50-cal machine gun, with 660 rounds
|armour= 12 in (300 mm)
|engine=[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] GAF V-8 [[gasoline]]
|engine_power=500 hp (372 kW)<ref name=Mailer/>
|pw_ratio= 5.8 hp/tonne
|crew=4<ref name=Mailer/>
}}
}}
'''Acral lentiginous melanoma''' is a kind of [[lentiginous]]<ref name="pmid17596173">{{cite journal |author=Phan A, Touzet S, Dalle S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L |title=Acral lentiginous melanoma: histopathological prognostic features of 121 cases |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=157 |issue=2 |pages=311–8 |year=2007 |month=August |pmid=17596173 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08031.x |url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0007-0963&date=2007&volume=157&issue=2&spage=311}}</ref> skin [[melanoma]]. It is also known as subungual melanoma.


It is seen on the palms, soles and under the nails.<ref name="pmid7073361">{{cite journal |author=Krementz ET, Feed RJ, Coleman WP, Sutherland CM, Carter RD, Campbell M |title=Acral lentiginous melanoma. A clinicopathologic entity |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=195 |issue=5 |pages=632–45 |year=1982 |month=May |pmid=7073361 |pmc=1352575 |doi= |url=}}</ref> This is the most common form of melanoma in [[Asian people|Asian]]s and [[Black people|Blacks]]. The average age at diagnosis is between sixty and seventy years. It also occurs in [[Caucasian race|Caucasians]] and in young people. This type of melanoma occurs on non hair-bearing surfaces of the body which may or may not be exposed to sunlight. It is also found on mucous membranes. It does not appear to be linked to sun exposure.
The '''T28''' (also called '''105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95''') was a prototype heavily armoured [[tank destroyer]], designed for the [[US Military]] during [[World War II]]. It was originally designed to be used to break through [[Nazi Germany|German]] defenses at the [[Siegfried Line]], and was later considered as a possible participant in an invasion of the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] mainland. Although sometimes referred to as a [[super-heavy tank]] the T28 was, in reality, a very heavy [[tank destroyer]], and was re-designated as the ''105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95'' in 1945. In 1946 it was renamed again, to ''T28''.


== History ==
==Symptoms==
'''Typical symptoms include:'''
The T28 was designed as a counter to the German heavy tanks, such as the [[Panzer VIII Maus|Maus]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.achtungpanzer.com/panzerkampfwagen-viii-maus-porsche-typ-205-tiger-iip.htm |title=Achtung Panzer! - Maus |accessdaymonth=7 October |accessyear=2008 }}</ref> and the [[Panzerkampfwagen E-100|E-100]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.panzerworld.net/e-100 |title= Panzer World - E-100 |accessdaymonth=7 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref> Other countries' super-heavy tanks which never saw service included the British [[Tortoise (tank)|Model A39 Tortoise]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.provehicles.co.uk/top-10-heaviest-and-biggest-military-tanks-ever/ |title= Top 10 Heaviest Tanks - Tortoise A39 |accessdaymonth=7 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref> the French [[Char 2C]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/france/France-Heavy.html |title= France - Char 2C |accessdaymonth=7 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref> and the Soviet [[SMK]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onwar.com/tanks/ussr/profiles/psmk.htm |title= OnWar - SMK |accessdaymonth=7 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref>
* longitudinal tan, black, or brown streak on a finger or toe nail (melanonychia striata)
* pigmentation of proximal nail fold
* areas of dark pigmentation on palms of hands or soles of feet


Any new area of pigmentation or an existing one that shows change should be checked by a dermatologist. If caught early this type of melanoma has a similar cure rate as the other types of superficial spreading melanoma.
=== Renaming and cancellation ===
Because this vehicle did not have a turret, the T28 more closely resembled a self-propelled gun and was redesignated as the T95 Gun Motor Carriage in 1945, but in June 1946, the vehicle was, again, redesignated Super Heavy Tank T28.<ref name=Battle/> This first renaming was still not exactly correct as it has been argued that it was neither a super-heavy tank nor a self-propelled gun, but that it was in fact a very heavy [[tank destroyer]].<ref name=Tony/>


==Histology==
Two prototypes of the T28 were produced. They underwent intensive evaluation trials until 1947, by which time the superior [[T29 heavy tank|T29]] and [[T30 Heavy Tank|T30]] heavy tanks were available. The T29 mounted the same gun in a conventional rotating turret. The T30 was developed with a larger-caliber gun and more powerful engine.<ref name=John/> Because of this the T28 program was terminated in October 1947.<ref name=Battle/>
'''The microscopic hallmarks are:'''
* [[atypical]] [[melanocyte]]s in [[junctional nest]]s
* [[Dermis|dermal]] invasion
* [[desmoplasia]]
* [[hyperplastic]] [[Epidermis (skin)|epidermis]]


==Famous Cases==
== Surviving vehicles ==
Only two vehicles were ordered and neither saw combat. One was heavily damaged by an engine fire during trials and was scrapped. The other was reported broken up and sold for scrap, yet it was discovered abandoned in a back field at [[Fort Belvoir]], Virginia, in 1974. It is unknown where it spent the intervening 27 years. It is the sole remaining example of these tanks and is exhibited at the [[Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor]] in Kentucky.<ref name=Mailer/><ref>[http://www.knox.army.mil/PattonMuseum/vehicles.htm Patton Museum List of Exhibits]</ref>


[[Bob Marley]], famous [[reggae]] artist, was killed by acral lentiginous melanoma that was present under one of his toenails. This later killed him and he had a State Funeral held in Jamaica in his honor. Before his death he wrote the song Emancipation Song which speaks about "Pirates rob I" referring to Doctors (as pirates) stealing his life with their diagnosis of the cancer known as Acral Lengitinous Melanoma.{{Fact|date=August 2008}}
== Design ==
The T28 was designed and manufactured by [[Paccar|Pacific Car and Foundry]].<ref name=Battle>{{cite web |url=http://www.battletanks.com/articles.htm |title=Battle Tanks |accessdaymonth=2 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref> The original plan was to build five prototype vehicles, with a production total of 25. Its total weight when fully equipped would have reached 95 [[short tons]] (86 [[tonne]]s).<ref name=Mailer>{{cite web |url=http://mailer.fsu.edu/~akirk/tanks/UnitedStates/heavytanks/HeavyTanks.html |title=United States - Heavy Tanks |accessdaymonth=1 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref> Because of the tank destroyer's great weight, it used four [[caterpillar track|tracks]] instead of two, each 12.9 inches (328 mm) wide.<ref name=Battle/> The outer tracks could be detached for easier transport.<ref name=Mailer/> After removal they could be fixed together to make a unit that could be towed behind the tank.<ref name=Tony/> Because of its extreme weight and low engine power, the T28 had extremely limited obstacle-crossing ability and couldn't cross any of the portable bridges available at the time, and so was considered impractical in the field and not suitable for production.<ref name=Tony/>


==References==
=== Turret and armament ===
{{reflist}}
[[Image:T28 Front Quarter.jpg|thumb|left|Front three-quarter view]]


==External links==
It had no conventional turret, giving it a comparatively low profile. Its main armament was a 105 mm T5E1 gun, in a ball-shaped [[gun mantlet]] set into the hull front.<ref name=Mailer/> The gut was not set on a turret because this was to be a frontal-assault vehicle. The traverse was limited to 10° right and 11° left, and elevation from 19.5° to -5°. When traveling, the gun was locked at the maximum elevation.<ref name=Battle/> It also had an [[M2 Browning machine gun|M2 Browning]] .50-caliber machine gun mounted above the commander's hatch.<ref name=Mailer/> The main gun had a muzzle velocity of 3,700 feet per second (1,130 m/s), with a range of up to 12 miles (19 km).<ref name=Mailer/><br style="clear:both;"/>
* [http://www.bweems.com/alm1.html Histology]
* [http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/-1415970783.htm GP Notebook]


{{Epithelial neoplasms}}
=== Armor and engine ===
{{Tumors of bone, cartilage, skin, connective, and soft tissue}}
[[Image:T28 Side.jpg|thumb|left|Side view]]


[[Category:Pathology]]
The armor was very thick compared to other tanks of the time, up to 12 inches (300 mm) thick on the front. This was considered heavy enough to provide protection from the [[8.8 cm KwK 43|8.8cm/L71 cannon]] used by German heavy tanks.<ref name=Battle/><ref name=Tony>{{cite web |url=http://www.tonyrogers.com/weapons/t28.htm |title=Tony Rogers - T28 |accessdaymonth=5 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref> The lower hull front had 5.25 in (130 mm) of armour, and the sides 2.5 in (64 mm). The hull was cast steel and extended two thirds of the length of the track assembly set to the rear<!-- what does this mean? -->. The suspension system and lower hull were covered with 4-in (100 mm) thick steel skirts.<ref name=Battle/> The engine was a [[gasoline]]-powered [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] GAF V-8, delivering 500 hp,<ref name=Mailer/> which gave the underpowered vehicle a top speed of about 8 mph (13 km/h) and greatly limited its obstacle-climbing capability.<ref name=Battle/><br style="clear:both;"/>
[[Category:Types of cancer]]


{{oncology-stub}}
== Comparisons ==
=== Comparison to the alternatives ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+ Specifications<ref name=Mailer/><ref name=Battle/><ref name=John>{{cite web |url=http://www.johnsmilitaryhistory.com/armorheavy.html |title=John's Military - T29, T30, and T34 |accessdaymonth=5 October |accessyear=2008}}</ref>
|- style="background: #DDFFDD;"
!Specifications
!T28
!T29
!T30
|-
| '''[[Weight]]'''
| 95.0&nbsp;tonnes
| 64.0&nbsp;tonnes
| 65.8&nbsp;tonnes
|-
| '''[[Crew]]'''
| 4&nbsp;men
| 6&nbsp;men
| 6&nbsp;men
|-
| '''[[Engine]]'''
| Ford GAF V-8 / {{Convert|500|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| Ford GAC four cycle 60 degree V12 / {{Convert|650|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Continental AV1790]]-3 / {{Convert|704|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| '''[[Speed]]'''
| 13&nbsp;kilometers per hour
| 32&nbsp;km/h
| 26.5&nbsp;km/h
|-
| '''[[Armor|Maximum thickness of armor at any point]]'''
| 305&nbsp;mm
| 279&nbsp;mm
| 280&nbsp;mm
|-
| '''[[Length]]'''
| 11.10&nbsp;meters
| 11.57&nbsp;m
| 11.57&nbsp;m
|-
| '''[[Width]]'''
| 4.39&nbsp;meters
| 3.80&nbsp;m
| 3.80&nbsp;m
|-
| '''[[Height]]'''
| 2.84&nbsp;meters
| 3.20&nbsp;m
| 3.20&nbsp;m
|-
| '''[[Armament]]'''
| 105&nbsp;mm T5E1 gun
| 105&nbsp;mm gun T5E2
| T7&nbsp;155 mm gun
|-
| '''[[Machine Gun|Secondary Armament]]'''
| .50 Caliber Machine Gun
|
*2 x .50 (12.7mm) Browning M2HB machineguns;
*1x .50 M2HB flexible AA;
*1x .30 Browning M1919A4
| 7.62 mm machine gun
|-
| '''[[Ammunition]]'''
| 62&nbsp;rounds
| 63&nbsp;rounds
| 34&nbsp;rounds
|}

=== Comparison to other country's designs ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|+ Specifications<ref name=Mailer/><ref name=Battle/>
|- style="background: #DDFFDD;"
!Specifications
!T28
!Maus
!Tortoise
|-
| '''[[Weight]]'''
| 95&nbsp;tonnes
| 188&nbsp;tonnes
| 78&nbsp;tonnes
|-
| '''[[Crew]]'''
| 4&nbsp;men
| 6&nbsp;men
| 7&nbsp;men
|-
| '''[[Engine]]'''
| Ford GAF V-8 / {{Convert|500|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| MB517 Diesel / {{Convert|1200|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
| Rolls-Royce Meteor V12 / {{Convert|600|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| '''[[Speed]]'''
| 13&nbsp;kilometers per hour
| 13&nbsp;km/h
| 19&nbsp;km/h
|-
| '''[[Armor]]'''
| 305&nbsp;mm
| 60&nbsp;-&nbsp;240&nbsp;mm
| 178&nbsp;-&nbsp;228&nbsp;mm
|-
| '''[[Length]]'''
| 11.10&nbsp;meters
| 10.09&nbsp;m
| 10.0&nbsp;m
|-
| '''[[Width]]'''
| 4.39&nbsp;meters
| 3.67&nbsp;m
| 3.90&nbsp;m
|-
| '''[[Height]]'''
| 2.84&nbsp;meters
| 3.63&nbsp;m
| 3.00&nbsp;m
|-
| '''[[Armament]]'''
| 105&nbsp;mm T5E1 gun
| 128&nbsp;mm KwK44 L/55
| 94&nbsp;mm Ordnance QF 32&nbsp;pounder
|-
| '''[[Machine Gun|Secondary Armament]]'''
| .50 Caliber Machine Gun
| co-axial 75 mm KwK 44 L/36.5
| 3 x 7.92 mm [[Besa machine gun|Besa]] MG
|-
| '''[[Ammunition]]'''
| 62&nbsp;rounds
| 55-68&nbsp;rounds
| 60&nbsp;rounds
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of prototype WWII combat vehicles]]
* [[Super-heavy tank]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Commonscat|T28 Super Heavy Tank}}

{{WWIIAmericanAFVs}}

[[Category:Abandoned United States military projects]]
[[Category:Superheavy tanks]]
[[Category:Tank destroyers]]
[[Category:World War II tanks of the United States]]

[[de:T28 (Panzer)]]
[[it:T28/T95]]
[[pl:T-28 (czołg amerykański)]]
[[ru:T28]]
[[sl:T28 (super težki tank)]]
[[zh:T-28超重型坦克]]

Revision as of 18:46, 10 October 2008

Acral lentiginous melanoma
SpecialtyOncology, dermatology Edit this on Wikidata

Acral lentiginous melanoma is a kind of lentiginous[1] skin melanoma. It is also known as subungual melanoma.

It is seen on the palms, soles and under the nails.[2] This is the most common form of melanoma in Asians and Blacks. The average age at diagnosis is between sixty and seventy years. It also occurs in Caucasians and in young people. This type of melanoma occurs on non hair-bearing surfaces of the body which may or may not be exposed to sunlight. It is also found on mucous membranes. It does not appear to be linked to sun exposure.

Symptoms

Typical symptoms include:

  • longitudinal tan, black, or brown streak on a finger or toe nail (melanonychia striata)
  • pigmentation of proximal nail fold
  • areas of dark pigmentation on palms of hands or soles of feet

Any new area of pigmentation or an existing one that shows change should be checked by a dermatologist. If caught early this type of melanoma has a similar cure rate as the other types of superficial spreading melanoma.

Histology

The microscopic hallmarks are:

Famous Cases

Bob Marley, famous reggae artist, was killed by acral lentiginous melanoma that was present under one of his toenails. This later killed him and he had a State Funeral held in Jamaica in his honor. Before his death he wrote the song Emancipation Song which speaks about "Pirates rob I" referring to Doctors (as pirates) stealing his life with their diagnosis of the cancer known as Acral Lengitinous Melanoma.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Phan A, Touzet S, Dalle S, Ronger-Savlé S, Balme B, Thomas L (2007). "Acral lentiginous melanoma: histopathological prognostic features of 121 cases". Br. J. Dermatol. 157 (2): 311–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08031.x. PMID 17596173. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Krementz ET, Feed RJ, Coleman WP, Sutherland CM, Carter RD, Campbell M (1982). "Acral lentiginous melanoma. A clinicopathologic entity". Ann. Surg. 195 (5): 632–45. PMC 1352575. PMID 7073361. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

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