Castanets and Archdiocesan Classical Gymnasium (Zagreb): Difference between pages
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{{for|other uses of Castanet or Castanets|Castanet (disambiguation)}} |
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[[Image:Nadbiskupska klasična gimnazija Zagreb.jpg|thumb|right|The gymnasium, looking from Voćarska Road]] |
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{{Infobox instrument |
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|name=Castanet(s) |
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[[Image:Zvjezdarnica Sjemeništa Šalata Zagreb.jpg|thumb|right|The [[observatory]]]] |
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The '''Archdiocesan Classic Gymnasium''' ({{lang-hr|Nadbiskupska klasična gimnazija s pravom javnosti}}, often referred to by the [[abbreviation]] '''NKG''') is a [[Catholic]] [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] located on 106 Voćarska Road in the neighborhood of [[Šalata]] in [[Zagreb]], [[Croatia]]. The school implements a program highlighting the [[classical antiquity|classical]] culture and [[history]], having students learn the [[Latin]] and the [[Ancient Greek]] languages. The gymnasium promotes Catholicism and serves as a public [[preparatory school]] for the Interdiocesan Boys' Seminary, a seminary for future [[Catholic priest]]s located in the same building complex. |
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|classification=[[Percussion instrument]] ([[Idiophone]]) |
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== History == |
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[[Image:Renoir-dancing girl with castanets.jpg|thumb|198px|[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir|Renoir]]'s [[1909]] painting ''Dancing girl with castanets'']] |
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'''Castanets''' are [[percussion instrument]] ([[idiophone]]), much used in [[Moorish]], [[Ottoman music|Ottoman]], [[Roman music|Ancient Roman]], [[Italian music|Italian]], [[Spanish music|Spanish]], [[Portuguese music|Portuguese]] and [[Latin American music]]. The instrument consists of a pair of concave shells joined on one edge by string. These are held in the hand and used to produce clicks for rhythmic accents or a ripping or rattling sound consisting of a rapid series of clicks. They are traditionally made of hardwood, although [[Glass-reinforced plastic|fibreglass]] is becoming increasingly popular. |
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The gymnasium was the successor to the Archdiocesan [[Lyceum]]. The Lyceum was founded in 1854 as a part of the Theology seminary. The school was founded in 1922 as the Archdiocesan Grand Gymnasium ({{lang-hr|Nadbiskupska velika gimnazija}}), a boys-only gymnasium. In 1931 its name was changed to the name it bears today. In 1948 the [[communist]] regime of [[Josip Broz Tito]] denied official recognition to the school due to its religious ties. The school didn't stop operating, though. A military hospital was built nearby on the same [[lot (real estate)|lot]]. In 1989 the hospital was moved to a new complex on the [[Gojko Šušak Avenue]] in [[Dubrava, Zagreb|Dubrava]]. Following the Croatian [[declaration of independence]] in 1991, the school was again officially recognized. From 2003 girls are allowed to enroll the school, which has previously been boys-only. This diffused its previous religious role as a place to educate future priests and [[deacon]]s, although Catholicism and devotion to God is still strongly encouraged. |
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In practice a player usually uses two pairs of castanets. One pair is held in each hand, with the string hooked over the thumb and the castanets resting on the palm with the fingers bent over to support the other side. Each pair will make a sound of a slightly different [[pitch (music)|pitch]]. The higher pair, known as ''hembra'' (female), is usually held in the right hand, with the larger ''macho'' (male) pair held in the left. |
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== Observatory == |
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Castanets are often played by singers or dancers, and are prominently used in [[flamenco]] music. The name (Spanish: ''castañuelas'') is derived from the diminutive form of ''castaña'', the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for [[chestnut]], which they resemble. In [[Andalusia]] they are usually referred to as ''palillos'' (little sticks) instead, and this is the name by which they are known in flamenco. |
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The gymnasium is known in [[Croatia]] for having a school [[observatory]].<ref name=vidi_web>{{cite web |
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The origins of the instrument are not known. The practice of clicking hand-held sticks together to accompany dancing is ancient, and was practiced by both the [[Hellenic civilization|Greek]]s and the [[History of Egypt|Egyptian]]s. In more modern times, the [[bones (instrument)|bones]] and [[spoon]]s used in [[Minstrel show]] and [[jug band]] music can also be considered forms of the castanet. |
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| url = http://www.vidi.hr/prijava2006/pregled.php3?cat=znanost |
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| title = VIDI Web Top 100 |
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| accessdate = 2008-08-26 |
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| work = [[VIDI]] |
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| language = Croatian |
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}}</ref> The school routinely publishes articles about celestial objects on its website.<ref name=zvj_članci>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.nkg-zagreb.hr//index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=16&Itemid=47 |
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| title = Zvjezdarnica > Naša promatranja |
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| accessdate = 2008-08-26 |
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| language = Croatian |
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}}</ref> The school website also displays a list of objects in the [[Messier catalogue]].<ref name=zvj_messier>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.nkg-zagreb.hr//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=253&Itemid=80 |
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| title = Messierov katalog |
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| accessdate = 2008-08-26 |
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| language = Croatian |
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}}</ref> The observatory building sports the [[Croatian coat of arms]] on its northern side, one of the rare Croatian signs that weren't taken down during the anti-nationalistic [[Socialist Republic of Croatia|communist rule of Croatia]].<ref name=zvj_grb>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.glas-koncila.hr/rubrike_izdvojeno.html?news_ID=1955 |
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| title = Otišli smo posvjedočiti u svijet ono što smo ovdje naučili |
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| date = 2004-10-17 |
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| accessdate = 2008-08-26 |
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| work = [[Glas Koncila]] |
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| language = Croatian |
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}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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When used in an [[orchestra|orchestral]] setting, castanets are sometimes attached to a handle, or mounted to a base to form a pair of ''machine castanets''. This makes them easier to play, but also alters the sound, particularly for the machine castanets. It is possible to produce a [[drum roll|roll]] on a pair of castanets in any of the three ways in which they are held. When held in the hand, they are bounced against the fingers and palm of the hand; on sticks, bouncing between fingers and the player's thigh is one accepted method. For a machine castanet, a less satisfactory roll is obtained by rapid alternation of the two castanets with the fingers. |
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<references /> |
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During the [[baroque music|baroque period]], castanets are featured prominently in dances. Composers like [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] scored them for the music of dances which included Spaniards (Ballet des Nations), Egyptians (Persée, Phaëton), Ethiopians (Persée, Phaëton), and [[Korybantes]] (Atys). In addition, they are often scored for dances involving less pleasant characters such as [[demon]]s ([[Alceste]]) and [[nightmare]]s (Atys). Their association with [[African dance]]s is even stated in the ballet Flore (1669) by Lully, “...les Africains inventeurs des danses de Castagnettes entrent d’un air plus gai...” |
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== External links == |
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[[Image:Koceks - Surname-i Vehbi.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Köçek troupe at 1720 celebration fair at Sultan Ahmed's sons' circumcision.]] |
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Castanets were used to evoke a Spanish atmosphere in [[Georges Bizet]]'s [[opera]], ''[[Carmen]]'' and [[Emmanuel Chabrier]]'s orchestral work ''España''. They are also found in the "Dance of the Seven Veils" from [[Richard Strauss]]' opera ''[[Salome (opera)|Salome]]'' and in [[Richard Wagner]]'s ''[[Tannhäuser]]''. An unusual variation on the standard castanets can be found in [[Darius Milhaud]]'s ''Les Choëphores'', which calls for castanets made of [[metal]]. Other uses include [[Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s ''[[Capriccio espagnol]]'', [[Ravel]]'s ''[[Rapsodie espagnole]]'' and [[Karl Jenkins]]'s ''Tangollen''. |
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* [http://www.nkg-zagreb.hr Official site of the school] |
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A rare occasion where the normally accompanying instrument is given concertant solo status is [[Leonardo Balada]]'s Concertino for Castanets and Orchestra Three Anecdotes (1977). The "Conciertino für Kastagnetten und Orchester" by the German composer Helmut M. Timpelan, in cooperation with the castanet virtuoso, José de Udaeta, is another solo work for the instrument. |
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* [http://www.skolehr.net/popis_skola/srednja_skola/nadbiskupskaklasicnagimnazijazagreb.php Archdiocesan Classical Gymnasium entry on skolehr.net] |
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[[Category:Zagreb]] |
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In the late Ottoman empire, [[köçek]]s not only danced but played percussion instruments, especially a type of [[castanets|castagnette]] known as the ''çarpare'', which in later times were replaced by metal cymbals called ''[[zill]]s''. |
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[[Category:High schools and secondary schools]] |
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[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Croatia]] |
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[[Category:Gornji Grad - Medveščak]] |
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[[Category:Education in Croatia]] |
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[[hr:Nadbiskupska klasična gimnazija Zagreb]] |
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== See also == |
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*[[Krakebs]] |
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[[Category:Castanets|*]] |
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[[Category:Latin percussion]] |
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[[Category:Marching percussion]] |
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[[Category:Orchestral percussion]] |
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[[Category:Pitched percussion]] |
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[[Category:Italian folk instruments]] |
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[[Category:Spanish musical instruments]] |
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[[Category:Swiss musical instruments]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Egyptian musical instruments]] |
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{{Turkish musical instruments}} |
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{{Percussion}} |
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[[ar:كاستانيت]] |
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[[bg:Кастанети]] |
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[[ca:Castanyoles]] |
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[[cs:Kastaněty]] |
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[[de:Kastagnetten]] |
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[[el:Καστανιέτα]] |
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[[es:Castañuelas]] |
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[[fr:Castagnettes]] |
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[[gl:Castañola]] |
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[[it:Nacchere]] |
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[[he:קסטנייטות]] |
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[[hu:Kasztanyetta]] |
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[[nl:Castagnetten]] |
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[[ja:カスタネット]] |
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[[pl:Kastaniety]] |
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[[pt:Castanhola]] |
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[[ro:Castaniete]] |
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[[ru:Кастаньеты]] |
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[[fi:Kastanjetit]] |
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[[sv:Kastanjetter]] |
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[[uk:Кастаньєти]] |
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Revision as of 19:13, 10 October 2008
Template:FixBunching The Archdiocesan Classic Gymnasium (Croatian: Nadbiskupska klasična gimnazija s pravom javnosti, often referred to by the abbreviation NKG) is a Catholic gymnasium located on 106 Voćarska Road in the neighborhood of Šalata in Zagreb, Croatia. The school implements a program highlighting the classical culture and history, having students learn the Latin and the Ancient Greek languages. The gymnasium promotes Catholicism and serves as a public preparatory school for the Interdiocesan Boys' Seminary, a seminary for future Catholic priests located in the same building complex.
History
The gymnasium was the successor to the Archdiocesan Lyceum. The Lyceum was founded in 1854 as a part of the Theology seminary. The school was founded in 1922 as the Archdiocesan Grand Gymnasium (Croatian: Nadbiskupska velika gimnazija), a boys-only gymnasium. In 1931 its name was changed to the name it bears today. In 1948 the communist regime of Josip Broz Tito denied official recognition to the school due to its religious ties. The school didn't stop operating, though. A military hospital was built nearby on the same lot. In 1989 the hospital was moved to a new complex on the Gojko Šušak Avenue in Dubrava. Following the Croatian declaration of independence in 1991, the school was again officially recognized. From 2003 girls are allowed to enroll the school, which has previously been boys-only. This diffused its previous religious role as a place to educate future priests and deacons, although Catholicism and devotion to God is still strongly encouraged.
Observatory
The gymnasium is known in Croatia for having a school observatory.[1] The school routinely publishes articles about celestial objects on its website.[2] The school website also displays a list of objects in the Messier catalogue.[3] The observatory building sports the Croatian coat of arms on its northern side, one of the rare Croatian signs that weren't taken down during the anti-nationalistic communist rule of Croatia.[4]
References
- ^ "VIDI Web Top 100". VIDI (in Croatian). Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "Zvjezdarnica > Naša promatranja" (in Croatian). Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "Messierov katalog" (in Croatian). Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "Otišli smo posvjedočiti u svijet ono što smo ovdje naučili". Glas Koncila (in Croatian). 2004-10-17. Retrieved 2008-08-26.