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{{Short description|Italian politician (1828–1894)}}
[[Image:Nicotera.jpg|frame|Giovanni Nicotera.]]

⚫
'''Giovanni Nicotera''' ([[September 9]], [[1828]] - [[June 13]], [[1894]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] patriot and [[politician]]. His surname is pronounced {{IPA-it|niˈkɔtera|}}, with the stress on the second syllable.
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
⚫
| name = Giovanni Nicotera
| image = File:Giovanni Nicotera.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| office = [[Ministry of Interior (Italy)|Italian Minister of Interior]]
| monarch = [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]]<br>[[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]]
| primeminister = [[Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì|Antonio di Rudinì]]
| term_start = 6 February 1891
| term_end = 15 May 1892
| predecessor = [[Francesco Crispi]]
| successor = [[Giovanni Giolitti]]
| monarch1 = [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Victor Emmanuel II]]<br>[[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]]
| primeminister1 = [[Agostino Depretis]]
| term_start1 = 25 March 1876
| term_end1 = 26 December 1877
| predecessor1 = [[Girolamo Cantelli]]
| successor1 = [[Francesco Crispi]]
| office2 = [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Member of the Italian Chamber]]
| term_start2 = 22 November 1882
| term_end2 = 22 October 1890
| constituency2 = [[Naples]]
| term_start3 = 5 December 1870
| term_end3 = 3 October 1876
| constituency3 = [[Naples]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1828|9|9|df=y}}
| birth_place = Sambiase, [[Lamezia Terme]], [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies|Two Sicilies]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1894|6|13|1828|9|9|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Vico Equense]], [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
| nationality = [[Italian nationality law|Italian]]
| party = [[Action Party (Italy, 1848)|Action Party]]<br>{{small|(1848–53)}}<br>[[Historical Left]]<br>{{small|(1870–80; 1887–92)}}<br>[[Dissident Left]]<br>{{small|(1880–87)}}
| profession = [[Soldier]]
<!--Military service-->
| branch = {{army|Kingdom of Italy}}
| serviceyears = 1848–1866
| rank = [[Commandant]]
| unit = 6th Volunteer Regiment
| battles = '''[[Italian Unification]]''' (1815–1871)
* [[Expedition of the Thousand]] (1860)
* [[Battle of Aspromonte]] (1862)
* [[Battle of Mentana]] (1867)
}}

⚫
'''Giovanni Nicotera''' (9 September 1828 – 13 June 1894) was an Italian patriot and [[politician]]. His surname is pronounced {{IPA-it|niˈkɔːtera|}}, with the stress on the second syllable.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Nicotera was born at [[Lamezia Terme|Sambiase]], in [[Calabria]].
Nicotera was born at [[Lamezia Terme|Sambiase]], in [[Calabria]], in the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]].


Joining the [[Giuseppe Mazzini]]'s movement of ''Giovine Italia'' ("Young Italy") he was among the combatants at Naples in May 1848, and battle with [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]] during the [[Republic of Rome (1849)]]. After the fall of Rome he fled to [[Piedmont (Italy)|Piedmont]], where he organized the expedition to [[Sapri]] in 1857, but shortly after his arrival there he was defeated and severely wounded by the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] troops.
Joining the [[Giuseppe Mazzini]]'s movement of ''Giovine Italia'' ("Young Italy") he was among the combatants at Naples in May 1848, and battle with [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]] during the [[Republic of Rome (1849)]]. After the fall of Rome he fled to [[Piedmont (Italy)|Piedmont]]. In 1857, he took part in the expedition to [[Sapri]] led by [[Carlo Pisacane|Pisacane]], but shortly after their landing they were defeated; he was severely wounded by the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] troops.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


Condemned to death, but reprieved through the intervention of the British minister, he remained a prisoner at [[Naples]] and at [[Favignana]] until 1860, when he joined Garibaldi at [[Palermo]]. Sent by Garibaldi to [[Tuscany]], he attempted to invade the Papal States with a volunteer brigade, but his followers were disarmed and disbanded by [[Bettino Ricasoli|Ricasoli]] and [[Camillo Benso conte di Cavour|Cavour]]. In 1862 he was with Garibaldi at [[battle of Aspromonte|Aspromonte]]; in 1866 he commanded a volunteer brigade against [[Austria]]; in 1867 he invaded the Papal States from the south, but the defeat of Garibaldi at [[battle of Mentana|Mentana]] put an end to his enterprise.
Condemned to death, but reprieved through the intervention of the British minister, he remained a prisoner at [[Naples]] and at [[Favignana]] until 1860, when he joined Garibaldi at [[Palermo]]. Sent by Garibaldi to [[Tuscany]], he attempted to invade the Papal States with a volunteer brigade, but his followers were disarmed and disbanded by [[Bettino Ricasoli|Ricasoli]] and [[Camillo Benso conte di Cavour|Cavour]]. In 1862 he was with Garibaldi at [[battle of Aspromonte|Aspromonte]]; in 1866 he commanded a volunteer brigade against [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]; in 1867 he invaded the Papal States from the south, but the defeat of Garibaldi [[battle of Mentana|at Mentana]] put an end to his enterprise.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


His parliamentary career dates from 1860. During the first ten years he engaged in violent opposition, but from 1870 onwards he joined in supporting the military reforms of Ricotti. Upon the advent of the Left in 1876, Nicotera became minister of the interior, and governed with remarkable firmness. He was obliged to resign in December 1877, when he joined [[Francesco Crispi|Crispi]], [[Benedetto Cairoli|Cairoli]], [[Giuseppe Zanardelli|Zanardelli]] and [[Alfredo Baccarini|Baccarini]] in forming the "pentarchy" in opposition to [[Agostino Depretis|Depretis]], but he only returned to power thirteen years later as minister of the interior in the [[Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì|Rudinì]] cabinet of 1891. On this occasion he restored the system of uninominal constituencies, resisted the socialist agitation, and pressed, though in vain, for the adoption of drastic measures against the false bank-notes put in circulation by the Roman bank. He fell with the Rudini cabinet in May 1892, and died at Vico Equense, near Naples, in June 1894.
His parliamentary career dates from 1860. During the first ten years he engaged in violent opposition, but from 1870 onwards he joined in supporting the military reforms of Ricotti. Upon the advent of the Left in 1876, Nicotera became minister of the interior, and governed with remarkable firmness. He was obliged to resign in December 1877, when he joined [[Francesco Crispi|Crispi]], [[Benedetto Cairoli|Cairoli]], [[Giuseppe Zanardelli|Zanardelli]] and [[Alfredo Baccarini|Baccarini]] in forming the "pentarchy" in opposition to [[Agostino Depretis|Depretis]]. He only returned to power thirteen years later as minister of the interior in the [[Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì|Rudinì]] cabinet of 1891. On this occasion he restored the system of uninominal constituencies, resisted socialist agitation, and pressed, though in vain, for the adoption of drastic measures against the false bank-notes put in circulation [[Banca Romana scandal|by the Banca Romana]]. He fell with the Rudini cabinet in May 1892, and died at Vico Equense, near Naples, in June 1894.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


==Ships==
==Ships==
Line 15: Line 59:


==References==
==References==
*{{1911}}
{{reflist}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Nicotera, Giovanni|volume=19|page=665}}


{{start box}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Italian Minister of the Interior]]|before=[[Gerolamo Cantelli]]|after=[[Francesco Crispi]]|years=1876–1877}}
{{succession box|title=[[Italian Minister of the Interior]]|before=[[Gerolamo Cantelli]]|after=[[Francesco Crispi]]|years=1876–1877}}
{{succession box|title=[[Italian Minister of the Interior]]|before=[[Francesco Crispi]]|after=[[Giovanni Giolitti]]|years=1891–1892}}
{{succession box|title=[[Italian Minister of the Interior]]|before=[[Francesco Crispi]]|after=[[Giovanni Giolitti]]|years=1891–1892}}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{EB1911 article with no significant updates}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicotera, Giovanni}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nicotera, Giovanni}}
[[Category:1828 births]]
[[Category:1828 births]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Province of Catanzaro]]
[[Category:People from Lamezia Terme]]
[[Category:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies people]]
[[Category:Historical Left politicians]]
[[Category:Dissident Left politicians]]
[[Category:Italian Ministers of the Interior]]
[[Category:Italian Ministers of the Interior]]
[[Category:Italian people of the Risorgimento]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature VIII of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature IX of the Kingdom of Italy]]

[[Category:Deputies of Legislature X of the Kingdom of Italy]]
⚫
[[fr:Giovanni Nicotera]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XI of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[it:Giovanni Nicotera]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XII of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[hu:Giovanni Nicotera]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XIII of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XIV of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XV of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XVI of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XVII of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Deputies of Legislature XVIII of the Kingdom of Italy]]
[[Category:Politicians of Calabria]]
[[Category:Italian people of the Italian unification]]

Latest revision as of 16:34, 15 July 2023

Giovanni Nicotera
Italian Minister of Interior
In office
6 February 1891 – 15 May 1892
MonarchsVictor Emmanuel II
Umberto I
Prime MinisterAntonio di Rudinì
Preceded byFrancesco Crispi
Succeeded byGiovanni Giolitti
In office
25 March 1876 – 26 December 1877
MonarchsVictor Emmanuel II
Umberto I
Prime MinisterAgostino Depretis
Preceded byGirolamo Cantelli
Succeeded byFrancesco Crispi
Member of the Italian Chamber
In office
22 November 1882 – 22 October 1890
ConstituencyNaples
In office
5 December 1870 – 3 October 1876
ConstituencyNaples
Personal details
Born(1828-09-09)9 September 1828
Sambiase, Lamezia Terme, Two Sicilies
Died13 June 1894(1894-06-13) (aged 65)
Vico Equense, Italy
NationalityItalian
Political partyAction Party
(1848–53)
Historical Left
(1870–80; 1887–92)
Dissident Left
(1880–87)
ProfessionSoldier
Military service
Branch/service Royal Italian Army
Years of service1848–1866
RankCommandant
Unit6th Volunteer Regiment
Battles/warsItalian Unification (1815–1871)

Giovanni Nicotera (9 September 1828 – 13 June 1894) was an Italian patriot and politician. His surname is pronounced [niˈkɔːtera], with the stress on the second syllable.

Biography[edit]

Nicotera was born at Sambiase, in Calabria, in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Joining the Giuseppe Mazzini's movement of Giovine Italia ("Young Italy") he was among the combatants at Naples in May 1848, and battle with Garibaldi during the Republic of Rome (1849). After the fall of Rome he fled to Piedmont. In 1857, he took part in the expedition to Sapri led by Pisacane, but shortly after their landing they were defeated; he was severely wounded by the Bourbon troops.[1]

Condemned to death, but reprieved through the intervention of the British minister, he remained a prisoner at Naples and at Favignana until 1860, when he joined Garibaldi at Palermo. Sent by Garibaldi to Tuscany, he attempted to invade the Papal States with a volunteer brigade, but his followers were disarmed and disbanded by Ricasoli and Cavour. In 1862 he was with Garibaldi at Aspromonte; in 1866 he commanded a volunteer brigade against Austria; in 1867 he invaded the Papal States from the south, but the defeat of Garibaldi at Mentana put an end to his enterprise.[1][1]

His parliamentary career dates from 1860. During the first ten years he engaged in violent opposition, but from 1870 onwards he joined in supporting the military reforms of Ricotti. Upon the advent of the Left in 1876, Nicotera became minister of the interior, and governed with remarkable firmness. He was obliged to resign in December 1877, when he joined Crispi, Cairoli, Zanardelli and Baccarini in forming the "pentarchy" in opposition to Depretis. He only returned to power thirteen years later as minister of the interior in the Rudinì cabinet of 1891. On this occasion he restored the system of uninominal constituencies, resisted socialist agitation, and pressed, though in vain, for the adoption of drastic measures against the false bank-notes put in circulation by the Banca Romana. He fell with the Rudini cabinet in May 1892, and died at Vico Equense, near Naples, in June 1894.[1]

Ships[edit]

Giovanni Nicotera was the name of a destroyer of the Italian Regia Marina, launched in 1926 and decommissioned in 1940.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Chisholm 1911.
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nicotera, Giovanni". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 665.
Preceded by Italian Minister of the Interior
1876–1877 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Italian Minister of the Interior
1891–1892 		Succeeded by
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