Saffir–Simpson scale and Lemon Party: Difference between pages

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{{For|the shock site|Shock_site#Lemonparty.org}}
{{Saffir-Simpson}}
{{infobox Political party
{{dablink|"SSHS" redirects here. SSHS is also used as an abbreviation for [[Seoul Science High School]] and [[South Sydney High School]].}}
| name_english = Lemon Party
The '''Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale''' is a classification used for most [[Western Hemisphere]] [[tropical cyclone]]s that exceed the intensities of [[tropical depression]]s and [[tropical storm]]s, and thereby become hurricanes. The scale divides hurricanes into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained [[wind]]s. In order to be classified as a hurricane, a tropical cyclone must have [[maximum sustained wind]]s of at least 74 [[miles per hour|mph]] (33 [[Metre per second|m/s]]; 64 [[Knot (speed)|kt]]; 119 [[Kilometres per hour|km/h]]). The highest classification in the scale, [[#Category 5|Category 5]], is reserved for storms with winds exceeding 155 mph (69 m/s; 136 kt; 249 km/h).
| name_native = Parti Citron
| ideology = Lemon-based Economy
| leader = Pope Terence the First
| website = http://www.particitron.vze.com/
}}
The '''Lemon Party of Canada (Parti Citron)''' was a [[Joke political party|frivolous]] [[Canada|Canadian]] party which has operated on a federal level, as well as provincially in [[Quebec]]. The party was officially registered on [[January 8]], [[1987]],<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.quebecpolitique.com/quebec/histoirepolitique-jan-en.html|title = Political History of Quebec (January)}}</ref>by then leader, Denis R. Patenaude and deregistered on [[November 14]] [[1998]] for failing to have at least ten candidates stand for election.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.quebecpolitique.com/partis/histoire-partis.html|title = Partis politiques}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.quebecpolitique.com/quebec/histoirepolitique-nov-en.html|title = Political History of Quebec (November)}}</ref> The party was headed by "Pope Terence the First", whose existence is unconfirmed.<ref name = "canadavotes2004" /> Their [[official agent]] is Mary-Gabrielle Blay II.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.particitron.vze.com/|title = Parti Citron's official website}}</ref>


Their 2004 national convention produced a platform of policies which were "placed in small green plastic boxes and sold to industrial pig farms in Mexico", according to a large party spokeswoman. The subsequent electoral campaign, under the slogan "For a bitter Canada," received minor, but sympathetic, media coverage.<ref name = "canadavotes2004">{{cite news|url = http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes2004/analysiscommentary/columns/danbrown190604.html|title = <nowiki>Analysis & Commentary: The
The classifications are intended primarily for use in measuring the potential damage and [[flood]]ing a hurricane will cause upon [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]], although they have been criticized as being too simple. Officially, the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is used ''only'' to describe hurricanes forming in the [[Atlantic hurricane|Atlantic Ocean]] and northern [[Pacific hurricane|Pacific Ocean]] east of the [[International Date Line]]. Other areas use different [[Tropical cyclone scales|classification scales]] to label these storms, which are called "cyclones" or "typhoons", depending on the area.
Heirs of the Rhino Party</nowiki>|author = Dan Brown|date = [[19 June]] [[2004]]|publisher = [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref>
The Lemon Party prides itself on its record on fiscal discipline and in pushing for economic growth. Their economic plan was allegedly authored by Montreal economist Ianik Marcil.


The Lemon Party has not been officially registered as a political party since the early 1990s, when it was registered only in [[Quebec]].
== History ==
The scale was developed in 1971 by [[civil engineering|civil engineer]] [[Herbert Saffir]] and meteorologist [[Bob Simpson (meteorologist)|Bob Simpson]], who at the time was director of the U.S. [[National Hurricane Center]] (NHC).<ref name="USA Today">{{cite news|author = Williams, Jack | title = Hurricane scale invented to communicate storm danger | publisher = [[USA Today]] | date = [[May 17]], [[2005]] | accessdate = 2007-02-25 | url= http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/whscale.htm}}</ref> The scale was introduced to the general public in 1973,<ref name="Bridgeport Post">{{cite web | url = http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?img=82937522_clean&firstvisit=true&src=search&currentResult=9&currentPage=50 | title = '73 Hurricanes to be Graded | author = Staff writer | publisher = [[The Associated Press]] | date = [[May 9]], [[1973]] | accessdate = 2007-12-08}}</ref> and saw widespread use after [[Neil Frank]] replaced Simpson at the helm of the NHC in 1974.<ref name="Simpson interview"/>


== Policies and platforms ==
The initial scale was developed by Saffir, a structural engineer, who in 1969 went on commission for the [[United Nations]] to study low-cost housing in hurricane-prone areas.<ref>{{cite news|author=Associated Press|date=2001-08-13|title=Hurricanes shaped life of scale inventor Saffir|accessdate=2007-12-21|url=http://www.thehurricanearchive.com/Viewer.aspx?img=11989664_clean&firstvisit=true&src=search&currentResult=0&currentPage=0}}</ref> While performing the study, Saffir realized there was no simple scale for describing the likely effects of a hurricane. Mirroring the utility of the [[Richter magnitude scale]] in describing earthquakes, he devised a 1&ndash;5 scale based on [[wind speed]] that showed expected damage to structures. Saffir gave the scale to the NHC, and Simpson added the effects of [[storm surge]] and flooding. The scale does not take into account [[rainfall]] or location, which means a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane which hits a major city will likely do far more damage than a Category&nbsp;5 hurricane that hits a rural area.<ref name="LiveScience"/>


The Parti Citron has pledged to:
== Categories ==
The scale separates hurricanes into five different categories based on wind, [[atmospheric pressure|central barometric pressure]], and [[storm surge]]. The U.S. National Hurricane Center classifies hurricanes of Category&nbsp;3 and above as ''major hurricanes''. Most weather agencies use the definition for sustained winds recommended by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO), which specifies measuring winds at a height of 33&nbsp;ft (10&nbsp;m) for 10&nbsp;minutes, and then taking the average. By contrast, the U.S. [[National Weather Service]] defines sustained winds as average winds over a period of one minute, measured at the same 33&nbsp;ft (10&nbsp;m) height.<ref name="NWSM Defs">{{cite web | author = Tropical Cyclone Weather Services Program | title = Tropical cyclone definitions | url = http://www.weather.gov/directives/sym/pd01006004curr.pdf | format = PDF | date = [[June 1]], [[2006]] | accessdate = 2006-11-30 | publisher = [[National Weather Service]]}}</ref><ref name="FEMA glossary">{{cite web | author=[[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] | title = Hurricane Glossary of Terms | year = 2004 | accessdate = 2006-03-24 | url = http://web.archive.org/web/20051214034332/http://www.fema.gov/hazards/hurricanes/hurglos.shtm}} Accessed through the [[Internet Archive|Wayback Machine]].</ref> [[Atmospheric pressure|Central pressure]] values are approximate. Intensity of example hurricanes is from both the time of landfall and the maximum intensity.<ref name="NHC SSHS">{{cite web | author = [[National Hurricane Center]] | title = Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Information | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | date = [[June 22]], [[2006]] | url = http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml | accessdate = 2007-02-25}}</ref>


* Restructure Canada's economy to be centred on lemon production<ref name = "canadavotes2004" />
The scale is roughly logarithmic in wind speed, and the top wind speed for Category "''c''" (''c''=1, 2, 3, or 4) can be expressed as <math>81\times 10^{c/15}</math> miles per hour rounded to the nearest multiple of 5.
* Support [[global warming]] so lemons can be grown in Canada<ref name = "canadavotes2004" />
* Abolish [[Toronto]]<ref name = "canadavotes2004" />
* Repeal the law of [[gravity]]<ref name = "canadavotes2004" />


== Election results ==
The five categories are, in order of increasing intensity:
{|class="wikitable"

<!--
PLEASE NOTE: Intensity of example hurricanes is at time of landfall AND peak intensity. Choose your examples carefully to avoid confusion.

For instance: DO NOT ADD HURRICANE KATRINA AS AN EXAMPLE.
Katrina is not a good example of either a Cat 3, Cat 4, or a Cat 5
since "officially" it was a Cat 3, it was operationally a Cat 4,
but in pressure, surge, and damage most people will think of it
as a Cat 5, which will be confusing for the reader.

Don't add any other storms with disputed categories
(i.e. Ivan, Frederic).

Also, don't add linebreaks below this comment markup.

-->
=== Category 1 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float:right; width:460px;"
! style="background: #{{Storm colour|cat1}}; text-align: center;" colspan="5" | Category&nbsp;1
|-
|-
!General election
! style="text-align: right;" rowspan = 2 | Sustained&nbsp;winds
!# of candidates
| 33&ndash;42 [[metre per second|m/s]] || 64&ndash;82 [[knot (nautical)|kt]]
!# of seats won
| rowspan = 4 style = "text-align: center; font-size: 80%;" | [[Image:Hurricane Gaston.jpg|140px]]<br />[[Hurricane Gaston (2004)| Gaston]] at landfall
!% of popular vote
|-
|-
! align="center" |1989<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dgeq.qc.ca/fr/resultats_gen.asp?even=1989&mode=n5&section=resultats_gen#resul|title = Élections générales|publisher = Directeur général des élections du Québec|date = [[19 June]] [[2007]]}}</ref>
| 119&ndash;153 [[km/h]] || 74&ndash;95 [[Miles per hour|mph]]
| align="center" |11
|-
| align="center" |0
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Storm surge|Storm&nbsp;surge]]
| align="center" |0.22%
| 1.2&ndash;1.5 m
| 4&ndash;5&nbsp;ft
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Atmospheric pressure|Central&nbsp;pressure]]
| 980&ndash;989 [[Millibar|mbar]] || 28.94 [[Inch of mercury|inHg]]
|-
|-
! align="center" |1994<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.dgeq.qc.ca/fr/resultats_gen.asp?even=1994&mode=n5&section=resultats_gen|title = Élections générales|publisher = Directeur général des élections du Québec|date = [[19 June]] [[2007]]}}</ref>
| align="center" |10
| align="center" |0
| align="center" |0.10%
|}
|}
Category&nbsp;1 storms usually cause no significant [[property damage|damage]] to building structures; however, they can tip over unanchored [[mobile home]]s, as well as uproot or snap trees. Poorly attached roof shingles or tiles can blow off. Also, they produce some coastal flooding, as well as minor [[pier]] damage.<ref name="NHC SSHS">{{cite web | author = [[National Hurricane Center]] | title = Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Information | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | date = [[June 22]], [[2006]] | url = http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshs.shtml | accessdate = 2007-02-25}}</ref>

Examples of storms of this intensity include: [[Hurricane Alice (December 1954)|Hurricane Alice]] (1954), [[Hurricane Danny (1985)|Danny]] (1985), [[Hurricane Jerry (1989)|Jerry]] (1989), [[Hurricane Ismael|Ismael]] (1995), [[Hurricane Gaston (2004)|Gaston]] (2004), and [[Hurricane Humberto (2007)|Humberto]] (2007).
{{clear}}

=== Category 2 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float:right; width:460px;"
! style="background: #{{Storm colour|cat2}}; text-align: center;" colspan="5" | Category&nbsp;2
|-
! style="text-align: right;" rowspan = 2 | Sustained&nbsp;winds
| 43&ndash;49 [[metre per second|m/s]] || 83&ndash;95 [[knot (nautical)|kt]]
| rowspan = 4 style = "font-size: 80%; text-align: center;" | [[Image:Alma 23 june 1996 1336Z.jpg|140px]]<br />[[Hurricane Alma (1996)|Alma]] approaching land
|-
| 154&ndash;177 [[km/h]] || 96&ndash;110 [[Miles per hour|mph]]
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Storm surge|Storm&nbsp;surge]]
| 1.8&ndash;2.4 m
| 6&ndash;8&nbsp;ft
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Atmospheric pressure|Central&nbsp;pressure]]
| 965&ndash;979 [[Millibar|mbar]] || 28.50&ndash;28.91 [[Inch of mercury|inHg]]
|-
|}
Storms of this intensity damage some roofing material, and also produce damage to poorly constructed doors and windows. Considerable damage is caused to [[vegetation]], poorly constructed signs, and piers. Mobile homes, whether anchored or not, are usually badly damaged, and many [[Manufactured housing|manufactured homes]] also suffer structural damage. Also, small craft in unprotected anchorages may break their [[Mooring (watercraft)|mooring]]s.<ref name="NHC SSHS"/>

Hurricanes that peaked at Category&nbsp;2 intensity, and made landfall while still in that category include [[Hurricane Carol|Carol]] (1954), [[Hurricane Diana|Diana]] (1990), [[Hurricane Erin (1995)|Erin]] (1995), [[Hurricane Alma (1996)|Alma]] (1996), [[Hurricane Marty (2003)|Marty]], [[Hurricane Juan|Juan]] and [[Hurricane Isabel|Isabel]] (all 2003) and [[Hurricane Dolly|Dolly]] (2008).
{{clear}}

=== Category 3 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float:right; width:460px;"
! style="background: #{{Storm colour|cat3}}; text-align: center;" colspan="5" | Category&nbsp;3
|-
! style="text-align: right;" rowspan = 2 | Sustained&nbsp;winds
| 50&ndash;58 [[metre per second|m/s]] || 96&ndash;113 [[knot (nautical)|kt]]
| rowspan = 4 style = "font-size: 80%; text-align: center;" | [[Image:Hurricane Alicia 1983.jpg|140px]] <br />[[Hurricane Alicia|Alicia]] approaching [[Texas]]
|-
| 178&ndash;209 [[km/h]] || 111&ndash;130 [[Miles per hour|mph]]
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Storm surge|Storm&nbsp;surge]]
| 2.7&ndash;3.7 m
| 9&ndash;12&nbsp;ft
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Atmospheric pressure|Central&nbsp;pressure]]
| 945&ndash;964 [[Millibar|mbar]] || 27.91&ndash;28.47 [[Inch of mercury|inHg]]
|-
|}
Tropical cyclones of this intensity and higher receive the name of [[Tropical cyclone#Classifications, terminology, and naming|major hurricanes]] when located in the Atlantic or Eastern Pacific [[Tropical cyclone basins|basins]]. These storms can cause some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings, particularly those of wood frame or manufactured materials with minor [[curtainwall]] failures. Buildings that lack a solid foundation, such as mobile homes, are usually destroyed, and [[gable]]-end roofs are peeled off. Manufactured homes usually sustain very heavy and irreparable damage. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures, while larger structures are hit by [[buoyancy|float]]ing debris. Additionally, [[terrain]] may be flooded well inland.<ref name="NHC SSHS"/>

Examples of storms of this intensity include [[Hurricane Alma (1966)|Hurricane Alma]] (1966), [[Hurricane Alicia|Alicia]] (1983), [[Hurricane Fran|Fran]] (1996), [[Hurricane Isidore|Isidore]] (2002), [[Hurricane Jeanne|Jeanne]] (2004), and [[Hurricane Lane (2006)|Lane]] (2006).
{{clear}}

=== Category 4 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float:right; width:460px;"
! style="background: #{{Storm colour|cat4}}; text-align: center;" colspan="5" | Category&nbsp;4
|-
! style="text-align: right;" rowspan = 2 |''' Sustained&nbsp;winds'''
| 59&ndash;69 [[metre per second|m/s]] || 114&ndash;135 [[knot (nautical)|kt]]
| rowspan = 4 style = "font-size: 80%; text-align: center;" | [[Image:Hurricane Ike off the Lesser Antilles.jpg|140px]] <br />[[Hurricane Ike|Ike]], the largest Atlantic hurricane ever, coming over the [[Lesser Antilles]]
|-
| 210&ndash;249 [[km/h]] || 131&ndash;155 [[Miles per hour|mph]]
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Storm surge|Storm&nbsp;surge]]
| 4.0&ndash;5.5 m
| 13&ndash;18&nbsp;ft
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Atmospheric pressure|Central&nbsp;pressure]]
| 920&ndash;944 [[Millibar|mbar]] || 27.17&ndash;27.88 [[Inch of mercury|inHg]]
|-
|}{{seealso|List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes}}
Category&nbsp;4 hurricanes tend to produce more extensive curtainwall failures, with some complete roof [[structural failure]] on small residences. Heavy, irreparable damage and near complete destruction of gas station canopies and other wide span overhang type structures are also common. Mobile and manufactured homes are leveled. These hurricanes cause major erosion of beach areas and terrain may be flooded well inland as well.<ref name="NHC SSHS"/>

Hurricanes of this intensity are extremely dangerous to populated areas. [[Hurricane Ike]] was the most destructive Category&nbsp;4 tropical cyclone in recorded history, causing damage in excess of $31.5&nbsp;billion (2008 USD). With a storm surge of a Category 5 height though the windspeeds were that of a Category 2-3, Ike brought on the greatest recorded storm surge of any Category&nbsp;4 Altantic tropical cyclone. Ike also went on to become the most massive Altantic tropical cyclone ever recorded. Use of [[radius of outermost closed isobar]] statistics indicate that [[Hurricane Ike]] was the largest tropical cyclone ever observed in the Atlantic basin.<ref>{{cite blog |first=Jeff |last=Masters |title=Ike's record size. |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1082&tstamp=200809&page=9 |publisher=Weather Underground |date=2008-09-12 |accessdate=2008-09-27}}</ref> The [[Galveston Hurricane of 1900]], the deadliest natural disaster to hit the [[United States]], would be classified as Category&nbsp;4 if it occurred today. Other examples of storms at this intensity are [[Hurricane Hazel|Hazel]] (1954), [[Hurricane Carmen|Carmen]] (1974), [[Hurricane Iniki|Iniki]] (1992), [[Hurricane Luis|Luis]] (1995), [[Hurricane Iris|Iris]] (2001), [[Hurricane Charley|Charley]] (2004), and [[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]] (2008).
{{clear}}

=== Category 5 ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; float:right; width:460px;"
! style="background: #{{Storm colour|cat5}}; text-align: center;" colspan="5" | Category&nbsp;5
|-
! style="text-align: right;" rowspan = 2 | Sustained&nbsp;winds
| ≥70 [[metre per second|m/s]] || ≥136 [[knot (nautical)|kt]]
| rowspan = 4 style = "font-size: 80%; text-align: center;" | [[Image:Hurricane Katrina August 28 2005 NASA.jpg|140px]] <br />[[Hurricane Katrina|Katrina]] approaching the Gulf Coast
|-
| ≥250 [[km/h]] || ≥156 [[Miles per hour|mph]]
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Storm surge|Storm&nbsp;surge]]
| ≥5.5 m
| ≥19&nbsp;ft
|-
! style="text-align: right;" | [[Atmospheric pressure|Central&nbsp;pressure]]
| &lt;920 [[Millibar|mbar]] || &lt;27.17 [[Inch of mercury|inHg]]
|-
|}{{seealso|List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes|List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes}}

Category&nbsp;5 is the highest category a tropical cyclone can obtain in the Saffir-Simpson scale. These storms cause complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings, and some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. Collapse of many wide-span roofs and walls, especially those with no interior supports, is common. Very heavy and irreparable damage to many wood frame structures and total destruction to mobile/manufactured homes is prevalent. Only a few types of structures are capable of surviving intact, and only if located at least three to five miles (four to eight km) inland. They include office, condominium and apartment buildings and hotels that are of solid concrete or steel frame construction, public multi-story concrete parking garages, and residences that are made of either reinforced brick or [[concrete]]/[[cement]] block and have [[hip roof|hipped roof]]s with slopes of no less than 35&nbsp;degrees from horizontal and no overhangs of any kind, and if the windows are either made of hurricane resistant safety glass or covered with shutters.<ref name="NHC SSHS"/>

The storm's flooding causes major damage to the lower floors of all structures near the shoreline, and many coastal structures can be completely flattened or washed away by the [[storm surge]]. Storm surge damage can occur up to four city blocks inland, with flooding, depending on terrain, reaching six to seven blocks inland. Massive [[emergency evacuation|evacuation]] of residential areas may be required if the hurricane threatens populated areas.<ref name="NHC SSHS"/>

Storms of this intensity can be severely damaging. Historical examples that reached the Category&nbsp;5 status and made landfall as such include the [[Labor Day Hurricane of 1935]], the [[1959 Mexico Hurricane]], [[Hurricane Camille|Camille]] in 1969, [[Hurricane Gilbert|Gilbert]] in 1988, [[Hurricane Andrew|Andrew]] in 1992, and [[Hurricane Dean|Dean]] and [[Hurricane Felix|Felix]] in [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season|2007]]. <!-- do not add Katrina -- see note at top -->

== Criticism ==
Some scientists, including [[Kerry Emanuel]] and [[Lakshmi Kantha]], have criticized the scale as being too simplistic, indicating that the scale does not take into account the physical size of a storm, nor the amount of [[precipitation]] it produces.<ref name="LiveScience"/> Additionally, they and others point out that the Saffir-Simpson scale, unlike the [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter scale]] used to measure earthquakes, is not [[open-ended]], and is [[Quantization (signal processing)|quantized]] into a small number of categories. Proposed replacement classifications include the '''Hurricane Intensity Index''', which is based on the [[dynamic pressure]] caused by a storm's winds, and the [[Hurricane Hazard Index]], which bases itself on surface wind speeds, the [[radius of maximum wind]]s of the storm, and its [[Translation (geometry)|translational]] velocity.<ref name="Kantha HHI HII">{{cite journal | author = Kantha, L. | url = http://www.ametro.net/~spongey/images/2006EO010003.pdf | month = January | year = 2006 | title = Time to Replace the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale? | journal = [[Eos (journal)|Eos]] | volume = 87 | issue = 1 | format = PDF | pages = 3,6 | accessdate = 2007-12-08}}</ref><ref name="Kantha BAMS">{{cite journal|last=Kantha|first=Lakshmi|month=February | year=2008|title=Tropical Cyclone Destructive Potential by Integrated Kinetic Energy|journal=[[Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society]]|publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]]|location=Boston|volume=89|issue=2|pages=219–221|url=http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0477/89/2/pdf/i1520-0477-89-2-219.pdf|accessdate=2008-08-19|doi=10.1175/BAMS-89-2-219|format=PDF}}</ref> Both of these scales are continuous, akin to the Richter scale;<ref name="UCL alternates">{{cite web | author = Benfield Hazard Research Centre | publisher = [[University College London]] | title = Atmospheric Hazards | work = Hazard & Risk Science Review 2006 | url = http://www.benfieldhrc.org/activities/hrsr/h&rsr_2006/atmospheric.htm | year = 2006 | accessdate = 2007-12-08}}</ref> however, neither of these scales have been used by officials.

=== Category 6 ===
After the string of powerful storm systems of the [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]], a few newspaper columnists and scientists brought up the suggestion of introducing Category&nbsp;6, and they have suggested pegging Category&nbsp;6 to storms with winds greater than 175 or 180&nbsp;mph (78–80&nbsp;m/s; 150–155&nbsp;knots; 280–290&nbsp;km/h).<ref name="LiveScience">{{cite news|author = Ker Than|title = Wilma's Rage Suggests New Hurricane Categories Needed|publisher = [[LiveScience]]|date = [[2005-10-20]]|url = http://www.livescience.com/environment/051020_hurricane_winds.html|accessdate = 2005-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author = Bill Blakemore|title = Category 6 Hurricanes? They've Happened: Global Warming Winds Up Hurricane Scientists as NOAA Issues Its Atlantic Hurricane Predictions for Summer 2006|publisher = [[ABC News]]|date = [[2006-05-21]]|url = http://abcnews.go.com/US/Science/story?id=1986862&page=1|accessdate = 2006-09-10}}</ref> Only a few storms in history have reached into this hypothetical category. Most of these storms were west pacific Super Typhoons; most notably [[Typhoon Tip]] in 1979 with sustained winds of over 195&nbsp;mph.

According to [[Bob Simpson (meteorologist)|Robert Simpson]], there is no reason for a Category&nbsp;6 on the Saffir-Simpson Scale because it is designed to measure the potential damage of a hurricane to human-made structures.<ref name="Simpson interview">{{cite web|author = Debi Iacovelli|title = The Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale: An Interview with Dr. Robert Simpson|publisher = [[Sun-Sentinel|South Florida Sun-Sentinel]]|month = July | year = 2001|url = http://www.novalynx.com/simpson-interview.html|accessdate = 2006-09-10}}</ref> If the wind speed of the hurricane is above 156&nbsp;mph (250&nbsp;km/h), then the damage to a building will be "serious no matter how well it's engineered". However, the result of new technologies in construction leads some to suggest that an increase in the number of categories is necessary.


== See also ==
==See also==
{{tcportal}}
* [[Beaufort scale]] &ndash; For winds less intense than hurricane strength.
* [[Fujita scale]] &ndash; For tornado intensity with damage correlated to wind speeds. The system was also intended for applicability in hurricanes and indeed is utilized by engineers in hurricane damage assessment.
* [[Severe weather terminology]]
* [[List of tropical cyclones]]
* [[List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes]]
* [[List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes]]


* [[List of frivolous parties]]
== References ==
* [[Politics of Quebec]]
{{Reflist|2}}
* [[List of political parties in Canada#Quebec|Political parties in Quebec]]
* [[List of political parties in Canada]]


==References==
== External links ==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.novalynx.com/simpson-interview.html An Interview with Dr. Robert Simpson] - The Mariners Weather Log, April 1999
*[http://www.novalynx.com/saffir-interview.html Q&A with Herbert Saffir] - The South Florida Sun-Sentinel, June 2001


==External links==
[[Category:Scales]]
* [http://agora.ulaval.ca/~phauo/en/ Lemon Party] (English)
[[Category:Tropical cyclone meteorology]]
* [http://www.particitron.vze.com/ Parti Citron] (French)
[[Category:Winds]]


[[Category:1998 disestablishments]]
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[[Category:Federal political parties in Canada]]
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[[Category:Political parties established in 1987]]
[[cs:Saffirova-Simpsonova stupnice hurikánů]]
[[Category:Provincial political parties in Quebec]]
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Revision as of 13:29, 10 October 2008

For the shock site, see Shock_site § Lemonparty.org.
Lemon Party
LeaderPope Terence the First
IdeologyLemon-based Economy
Website
http://www.particitron.vze.com/

The Lemon Party of Canada (Parti Citron) was a frivolous Canadian party which has operated on a federal level, as well as provincially in Quebec. The party was officially registered on January 8, 1987,[1]by then leader, Denis R. Patenaude and deregistered on November 14 1998 for failing to have at least ten candidates stand for election.[2][3] The party was headed by "Pope Terence the First", whose existence is unconfirmed.[4] Their official agent is Mary-Gabrielle Blay II.[5]

Their 2004 national convention produced a platform of policies which were "placed in small green plastic boxes and sold to industrial pig farms in Mexico", according to a large party spokeswoman. The subsequent electoral campaign, under the slogan "For a bitter Canada," received minor, but sympathetic, media coverage.[4] The Lemon Party prides itself on its record on fiscal discipline and in pushing for economic growth. Their economic plan was allegedly authored by Montreal economist Ianik Marcil.

The Lemon Party has not been officially registered as a political party since the early 1990s, when it was registered only in Quebec.

Policies and platforms

The Parti Citron has pledged to:

Election results

General election # of candidates # of seats won % of popular vote
1989[6] 11 0 0.22%
1994[7] 10 0 0.10%

See also

References

  1. ^ "Political History of Quebec (January)".
  2. ^ "Partis politiques".
  3. ^ "Political History of Quebec (November)".
  4. ^ a b c d e f Dan Brown (19 June 2004). "Analysis & Commentary: The Heirs of the Rhino Party". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ "Parti Citron's official website".
  6. ^ "Élections générales". Directeur général des élections du Québec. 19 June 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ "Élections générales". Directeur général des élections du Québec. 19 June 2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links

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